1. The Conservation Commons: Lessons and analysis adapted from other sectors and domains? Tom Moritz Interim Steering Committee Conservation Commons World Conservation Congress October, 2008 Barcelona

2. “ The field of knowledge is the common property of all mankind “ Thomas Jefferson 1807

3. Repatriation of biodiversity information through Clearing House Mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Global Biodiversity Information Facility; Views and experiences of Peruvian and Bolivian non-governmental organizations. Ulla Helimo Master’s Thesis University of Turku Department of Biology 6.10. 2004 p.11. http://enbi.utu.fi/Documents/Ulla%20Helimo%20PRO%20GRADU.pdf [06-06-05] KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES: Technology

4. Colin Bibby, 2002 Toward Evidenced-based Conservation

6. Source: Voss & Emmons, AMNH Bull. No. 230, 1996 (by permission)

7. Tiger trap goes cuckoo 06-07-2006 A camera-trap operated by a joint Indonesian and British team of scientists surveying for tigers in a former logging concession close to Kerinci Seblat National Park in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, has photographed a Sumatran Ground-cuckoo Carpococcyx viridis , one of Asia’s rarest birds. The endemic ground-cuckoo has only been recorded once previously in the last 90 years, when a bird was trapped in southern Sumatra in 1997. Prior to that, only eight specimen records existed. http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/07/cuckoo.html [June 3, 2007] Y Dinata (FFI)/M Linkie (DICE)

8. Rheinardia ocellata , the Crested Argus. Photographed at night by an automatic camera-trap in the Ngoc Linh foothills (Quang Nam Province). Courtesy AMNH Center for Biodiversity and Conservation

9. Poder Politico y Conocimiento From: Organizaciones que aprenden, paises que aprenden: lecciones y AP en Costa Rica by Andrea Ballestero Directora ELAP Responsabilidad y Poder Políticos Administradores o Gestores Analistas-Técnicos Científicos Conocimiento (en términos científicos-occidentales ) Bajo Alto Alto (Sutton, 1999)

10. OECD Follow Up Group on Issues of Access to Publicly Funded Research Data. Promoting Access to Public Research Data for Scientific,Economic, and Social Development: Final Report March 2003

11. THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DATA AND INFORMATION IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM Julie M. Esanu and Paul F. Uhlir, Editors Steering Committee on the Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain Office of International Scientific and Technical Information Programs Board on International Scientific Organizations Policy and Global Affairs Division, National Research Council of the National Academies, p. 5 Research Commons The Public Domain Knowledge Commons

13. Julian Birkinshaw and Tony Sheehan, “Managing the Knowledge Life Cycle,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 44 (2) Fall, 2002: 77. ??? Should conservation knowledge be a “commodity” ???

14. Reductionists Current Norms Expansionists Maximalists Intellectual Property Rights BENEFITS Differing Interpretations of IPR Regulation Gloved Mouse

15. Cultural Change ?

17. Individuals

18. Cost Benefit Calculations of Change High Cost Low Cost Tangible Personal Benefit Intangible Societal Benefit -- Clear, direct benefits -- Change is easy -- Communication and information are key -- Intangible direct benefits -- Change is easy -- Ultimate benefit should be stressed --Convenience is key Cell C Cell D Cell B Cell A -- Clear, direct benefits --Change is difficult --Balancing communication with a strong support system is key -- Intangible, indirect benefits --Change if difficult -- Try to reposition into “Cell D” : leverage enthusiasm / supply-side persuasion Adapted from VK Rangan et al. “Do better at doing good,” in in Harvard Business Review on Non-Profits Harvard, Cambridge, 1999, p. 173- ff.

21. Professional / Disciplinary

23. The “small science,” independent investigator approach traditionally has characterized a large area of experimental laboratory sciences, such as chemistry or biomedical research, and field work and studies, such as biodiversity, ecology, microbiology, soil science, and anthropology. The data or samples are collected and analyzed independently , and the resulting data sets from such studies generally are heterogeneous and unstandardized , with few of the individual data holdings deposited in public data repositories or openly shared. The data exist in various twilight states of accessibility , depending on the extent to which they are published, discussed in papers but not revealed, or just known about because of reputation or ongoing work, but kept under absolute or relative secrecy. The data are thus disaggregated components of an incipient network that is only as effective as the individual transactions that put it together . Openness and sharing are not ignored, but they are not necessarily dominant either. These values must compete with strategic considerations of self-interest, secrecy, and the logic of mutually beneficial exchange, particularly in areas of research in which commercial applications are more readily identifiable. The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain: Proceedings of a Symposium. Julie M. Esanu and Paul F. Uhlir, Eds. Steering Committee on the Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain Office of International Scientific and Technical Information Programs Board on International Scientific Organizations Policy and Global Affairs Division, National Research Council of the [US] National Academies, p. 8

26. Organizational / Institutional Change

27. The Social Enterprise Spectrum Purely Philanthropic Purely Commercial Motives Methods Goals Appeal to Goodwill Mission Driven Social Value Mixed Motives Mission and Market Driven Social and Economic Value Appeal to Self Interest Market Driven Economic Value JG Dees, “Enterprising Non-profits" in Harvard Business Review on Non-Profits Harvard, Cambridge, 1999, p.147

28. The Social Enterprise Spectrum: Key Stakeholders Purely Philanthropic Purely Commercial JG Dees, “Enterprising Non-profits" in Harvard Business Review on Non-Profits Harvard, Cambridge, 1999, p.147 Beneficiaries Pay Nothing Mixed Market rate prices Capital Donations and Grants Mixed Market Rate Capital (TAXES?) Workforce Nonprofit Prof’s /Volunteers Mixed Market Rate Compensations Suppliers In-Kind Donations Mixed /Special Discounts Market Rate Prices

31. Tom Moritz Principal Tom Moritz Consultancy Los Angeles, California [email_address] ++1 310 963 0199