Basic English Grammar For ESL Learners

BasIC
for esl learners
englIsh Grammar
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TINTON
fIrst
EDITION
ExercIses wIth answers
NOUNS
DESIGNED
BY
JERRY
NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION
ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB
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PRONOUNS
ADJECTIVES
VERB
ADVERB
PREPOSITIONS
CONJUNCTIONS
INTERJECTION

PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS
ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS
VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES
PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB
CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS
INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS
©Tinton Enterprise
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from the publisher.
Tinton Enterprise
Pejabat Jualan
No.34 (Tingkat 1), Jalan Tapang
Timur 1, Sungai Antu,
96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
E-mel: Tintonpublisher@gmail.com
Pengedar Tunggal
First Edition 2016

NOUNS
PRONOUNS
ADJECTIVES
VERB
ADVERB
PREPOSITIONS
CONJUNCTIONS
INTERJECTIONS
ANSWER
CONTENTS
5
19
28
45
82
89
95
100
102

5
CHAPTER 1
NOUNS
COMMON NOUNS
A Noun is a word for a person, place, thing or abstract
idea.
There are four kinds of nouns:
Common Nouns
Proper Nouns
Abstract Nouns
Collective nouns
A Common Noun is the word used for a class of person,
place or thing. It is a name which is given in common to
everyone (person, thing, animal…). We do not capitalize the
first letter of a common noun unless it is the first word in a
sentence.
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Who is it?
What is it?
Candise
Where is it?
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6
PEOPLE THINGS ANIMALS PLACES
boy
uncle
father
girl
lady
man
woman
mother
book
car
computer
pen
table
wallet
bicycle
key
dog
cat
cow
monkey
turkey
snake
fish
panda
beach
mall
park
zoo
airport
church
restaurant
country
PEOPLE Ali Baba, Robin Hood, Pinocchio
PLACES KLCC, Sahara Desert, The Thames
ANIMALS Toby, Roxy, Lassie, Bobby, Riley
TIME AND DATE Sunday, April
COUNTRIES Malaysia, Singapore, France, Italy
PROPER NOUNS
Proper Nouns are the names of specific things, people
or places, such as Bibble, Edward, America, White House.
They usually begin with a capital letter.
What is your name?
Your own name is proper noun too.
Did you knowJerry ?

7
ABSTRACT NOUNS
Ability
Adventure
Belief
Comfort
Consideration
Crime
Culture
Death
Deceit
Defeat
Democracy
Dreams
Energy
Enhancement
Failure
Faith
Forgiveness
Freedom
Homelessness
Hurt
Idea
Imagination
Impression
Improvement
Justice
Knowledge
Laughter
Law
Liberty
Life
Luck
Mercy
Need
Opinion
Peace
Poverty
Reality
Rumor
Service
Skill
Success
Sympathy
Thought
Truth
Unemployment
Unreality
Victory
Wealth
Warmth
Weakness
Wisdom
ABSTRACT NOUNS
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
Abstract Noun is the name of idea, quality and action
that is the name of something we can’t touch, see, smell and
taste such as beauty, courage, friendship, intelligence, truth.
We can form abstract nouns from:
Common Nouns (friend – friendship);
Verbs (believe – belief); and
Adjectives (honest – honesty).
A Collective Noun is the word used for a group of
people, animals or things. These collective nouns are com-
monly used under the category of people.
1
2
3

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PEOPLE THINGS ANIMALS
army
band
bunch
class
choir
crew
crowd
gang
group
team
flock
group
galaxy
wad
forrest
stack
fleet
hedge
library
basket
bowl
pair
flight
flock
haul
herd
hive
host
litter
troop
zoo
swarm
pack
A pair of shoes.
Exercise 1
Underline the common nouns in these sentences.
I arrived early at the station.
The baby is crying.
The children are playing in the field.
My father has bought a new car.
Jenny likes to swim.
He won a trophy in a competition.
She went to visit her aunt.
Please go get the pen for me.
My sister is older that I am.
My teacher said that we are working hard.
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Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Underline the proper nouns in these sentences.
Choose the correct words from the list given and write them
in the blanks.
I met Grace at the post office.
Owen is my classmate.
Millions of people speak English as a second language.
She comes from France.
The Amazon is the largest river in the world.
Let’s have lunch at McDonalds.
James works as a programmer at Microsoft.
I live in a small town in Italy.
Anna said I could go to Disneyland with her family.
Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity.
He is a man of .
Oliver was given an award for his .
Her designer teacher applauded her .
She was filled with when she saw the tiger.
is the best period of your life.
You need if you want to climb Mount Everest.
should always be avoided.
He only felt when he lost the race.
I have great to welcome you.
to animals is a punishable offence.
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Cruelty strength bravery pleasure disappointment
Wastage courage fear creativity Childhood

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Exercise 4
Complete the expressions with the following collective nouns.
Collective Nouns Collective Nouns
A ..................... of students.
An ..................... of soldiers.
A ..................... of singers.
A ..................... of sailors.
A ..................... of musicians.
A ..................... of crooks.
A ..................... of people
A ..................... of thieves.
A ..................... of dancers.
A ..................... of players.
A ..................... of thieves.
A ..................... of employees.
A ..................... of natives.
.A ..................... of experts.
A ..................... of labourers.
A ..................... of tourists.
A ..................... of man.
A ..................... of flowers.
An ..................... of ants.
A ..................... of birds.
A ..................... of birds.
A ..................... of fish.
A ..................... of sheep.
A ..................... of bees.
A ..................... of cubs.
A ..................... of sparrows.
A ..................... of horses.
A..................... of lions.
A ..................... of wild animals.
A ..................... of wolves.
A ..................... of puppies/kittens.
A ..................... of horses/ducks
A ..................... of crows.
A ..................... of dogs.
.A ..................... of tree.
A ..................... of ship.
army band bunch body class choir
crew crowd flock flight forest gang
group haul host murder pack kennel
staff swarm tribe team troop litter

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GENDER
The Noun-Gender tells us about the sex of the noun.
There are four types of gender nouns in English.
Masculine Gender Nouns are words for men, boys, and
male animals.
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2
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Masculine Gender Nouns
Feminine Gender Nouns
Common Gender Nouns
Neuter Gender Nouns
ManBoy
Feminine Gender Nouns are words for women, girls and
female animals.
Woman
Girl

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Common Gender Nouns are nouns that are used for
both males and females.
Neuter Gender Nouns are words for things that are not
alive.
Friend
Table
Lorry
Parent
Book
Ring

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Masculine
Gender
Feminine
Gender
Common
Gender
Neuter
Gender
Man
He
Father
Boy
Tiger
Cock
Drake
Uncle
Headmaster
Policeman
Manager
Proprietor
Boys
Ryan
Woman
She
Mother
Girl
Tigress
Hen
Duck
Aunt
Headmistress
Policewoman
Manageress
Proprietress
Girls
Evelyn
Person
Friend
Parent
Child
Animal
Bird
Fowl
Relative
Principal
Guard
Supervisor
Owner
Children
Adult
Table
Book
Pen
Wallet
Key
Bed
Chair
Glass
Handphone
Car
Box
Love
Peace
Truth
Exercise 5
Fill in the blanks with the correct masculine or feminine
nouns.
Masculine Feminine
Boy
He
Mother
Uncle
Wife
Daughter
Master
Lion
Niece
Prince

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NUMBER (SIngular or Plural)
Noun has a Number. The Singular Number refer to one
person or thing while Plural Number refer to more than one
person or thing.
SOME RULES FOR FORMING PLURALS:
Singular nouns can be changed to a plural noun by
adding –s as shown below.
1
Singular Plural
computer computers
day days
book books
movie movies
dog dogs
student students
teacher teachers
pencil pencils
room rooms
computer computers
pen pens
Nail
Nails

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Nouns that end in o, s, ss, ch, sh or x, are made plural by
adding es.
Most nouns that end in y are made plural by changing
the y to i and adding es.
2
3
Singular Plural
hero heroes
potato potatoes
bus buses
glass glasses
class classes
church churches
beach beaches
brush brushes
Singular Plural
story stories
family families
baby babies
city cities
lady ladies
fly flies
puppy puppies
company companies
library libraries
party parties
fairy fairies
army armies

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If -y is after a vowel (a,e,i,o,u), we follow the ordinary
rule and add -s:
Nouns that end in fe is made plural by changing the f to
v and adding s.
4
5
Singular Plural
play plays
day days
monkey monkeys
key keys
boy boys
trolley trolleys
toy toys
donkey donkeys
Singular Plural
life lives
wife wives
thief thieves
half halves
loaf loaves
Monkey
Monkeys

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Some nouns change spelling from the singular form to
the plural.
The plural form of some nouns is the same as the
singular form.
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7
Singular Plural
man men
woman women
foot feet
tooth teeth
mouse mice
person people
child children
goose geese
Singular Plural
sheep sheep
deer deer
furniture furniture
salmon salmon
fish fish
aircraft aircraft
cattle cattle
advice advice
knowlegde knowlegde

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Exercise 6
Write the plurals.
class classes
man
key
mouse
child
person
goose
story
tooth
foot
knife
fish
wife
city
advice
boy
Exercise 7
Change the sentences into the plural form.
Example: This is my cat.
Answer: These are my cat.
We have a dog.
We will have our picnic on Sunday.
Please lend me a pencil.
My father has a new computer.
He found his key in the car.
Dylan has one poster.
The cat is sitting on my bed.
He is riding his bike.
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CHAPTER 2
PRONOUNS
A Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or noun
phrase. They are used to make sentences less cumbersome
and less repetitive. If we didn’t have pronouns, we would
have to repeat a lot of nouns. We would have to say things
like:
With pronouns, we can say:
There are different kinds of pronouns:
Do you like Elvin? I don’t like Elvin. Elvin is too arrogant.
Do you like Elvin? I don’t like him. He is too arrogant.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns are used to refer either to the
person speaking, the person spoken to, or the person or
thing spoken of. There are two types of personal pronouns:
Subject Pronouns and Object Pronouns.
The Subject Ponouns (I, You, He, She, It, They, We) is the
person or thing doing the action:
I went home.
He said goodbye.
1
2
OBJECT PRONOUNS
The Object Pronouns (Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them) is the
person or thing receiving the action:
I saw her.
He scold me,
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2
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Number Person Gender
Personal Pronouns
Subject Object
Singular
1st male/ female I Me
2nd male/ female You You
3rd
male He Him
female She Her
neuter It It
Plural
1st male/ female We Us
2nd male/ female You You
3rd All They Them
In grammar, the person who is speaking is called the
first person. The one spoken to is called the second person,
and the one spoken about is called the third person.
Exercise 8
Complete with the subject personal pronouns.
My name is Samuel. (Samuel) am Chinese.
Ryan is my dad. (My dad) is a engineer.
My mum´s name is Stella. (Stella) is from China.
(Tommy, Edward and Sue) live in Sarawak.
I have a dog. is called Lucky.
What is the matter with ?
Henry and I are good friends. are not enemies.
are my good friends. (Andy and Steve)
is getting dark.
came to Malaysia. (the tourists)
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Exercise 9
Complete with the object personal pronouns.
My mother is kind. Everybody likes .
My brother is younger than .
The room is very dirty. I am cleaning .
Mr Jacob is very nice. All the children like .
Lily isn´t well. Dad is taking to see a doctor.
Where is Alex? I have to talk with .
John and Angeline! Dad is waiting for !
Daniel is hungry. Give a burger.
The teacher is showing (we) a film.
All her students like very much.
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POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Possessive Pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours and
theirs) show ownership that something belongs to someone
or something.
PERSONAL
PRONOUNS
POSSESIVE PRONOUNS
Singular Plural
I, me mine -
you, yours -
he, him his -
she, her hers -
we, us - ours
you - yours
they, them - theirs
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Is this guitar yours?
This book is mine.
That tyre is his.
Exercise 10
Underline the correct possessive pronoun.
This pen is (mine/my).
The car belongs to my mother. It is (her/hers).
This isn’t Mike’s car, (His/Ours) is at the garage.
How is that cousin of (you/yours)?
We live in this house. The house is (ours/yours).
A friend of (my/mine) has invited me to Singapore.
That toy belongs to those kids. That toy is (theirs/hers).
The ring is (her/hers).
This book belongs to you. This bok is (theirs/yours).
My friend and I bought pencils. The pencils are (us/ours).
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This (near)
That (far)
These (near)
Those (far)
This is an orange.
That is an apple.
Those are apples.
These are oranges.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Demonstrative Pronouns (this, that, these, those) are
used to show the relative distance between the speaker and
the noun.
Near in distance or time. (this, these)
Far in distance or time. (that, those)
You use this and these when you point to things near you.
You use that and those when you point to things farther
away.
Did you know
?
Singular Plural
Near This These
Far That Those

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Exercise 11
Underline the correct demonstrative pronoun.
(Those/This) students over there are my friends.
I can tell (those/that) she is upset.
I really like (this/those) Korean restaurant!.
(This/These) girls are in my class.
(These/This) are the clothes I like.
(These/This) oranges are very sweet.
(Those/That) are dogs.
(That/Those) animals are very hungry.
Do you know (that/these) she told the truth?
We can do better than (those/that).
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REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, herself, himself,
itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves) are used when
the subject and the object in a sentence refer to the same
person or thing.
For example:
I taught myself to play the piano.
I taught me to play the piano.x
Person
Reflexive Pronoun
Singular Plural
1st myself ourselves
2nd yourself yourselves
3rd
Himself,
Herself,
Itself
themselves

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INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
The Interrogative Pronouns (who, whom, whose, which,
what, whoever, whomever, whichever, and whatever) are
used to ask questions.
Exercise 12
Underline the correct reflexive pronoun.
She always looks at (her/herself) in the mirror.
Some people only think about (himself/themselves).
I made this cake (me/myself).
He walked home by (himself/herself).
I did the work all by (yourself/myself).
We bought a present for (our/ourselves).
He taught (him/ himself) how to play the guitar.
Ella is a baby, She is too small to eat by (myself/herself).
My handphone is damaged. It turns off by (it/itself).
Try not to blame (himself/yourself) for that mistake.
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For example:
Who said that?
Who lives here?
Whom shall we ask?
Whose car is this?
Whose bags are those?
Which is the greater?
What did you say?
What is that?
Whose house is this?
We use who to ask questions about people.
We use whose to ask about possession.
We use what to ask questions about things.
We use which to ask someone to choose something.

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Exercise 13
Underline the correct Interrogative pronoun.
(Which/What) do you mean?
(Whom/Who) shall we contact?
(Who/Which) is the girl in the green dress?
(Whose/What) is your favorite color?
(Which/What) of your brothers is the tallest?
(Whom/What) are you talking about?
(Whose/Who) camera is this?
(Which/What) of these two do you prefer?
(Whose/Who) told you?
(What/Whom) do you want?
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INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
An Indefinite Pronoun does not refer to any specific
person or thing. Most indefinite pronouns are either singular
or plural but there are a few that function both as singular
and plural. Singular indefinite pronouns take a singular verb
and plural indefinite pronouns take a plural verb.
Singular (sl) Plural (pl) (sl) or (pl)
each everyone no one both none
every everybody no body many some
one everything nothing others more
either anyone someone several most
neither anybody somebody few any
another anything something fewer all
For example:
Everybody is welcome at the meeting. (“Everybody” is a
singular, so the verb “is” takes the singular form.)
Both of the girls are friendly .“Both” is plural, so the verb
“are” is in the plural form.
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Exercise 14
Exercise 15
Underline the correct Indefinite pronoun.
Complete the sentences with the following Indefinite
pronoun.
All of us (is, are) hoping that Sam will win.
Both of the boys (is, are) good singers.
Someone (have, has) to take out the trash.
Nobody (has, have) won the jackpot yet.
Several of the oranges (has, have) rotted.
Neither of the boys (is, are) at home.
Many students (has, have) computers.
Either of the answers (is, are) correct.
Somebody (are, is) going to be surprised!
Each (tries, try) to win the quiz.
She knows New York better than does.
My brother is the wearing the blue shirt.
was there to rescue her.
of the girls has received a gift.
I don’t know of the answers.
Don’t worry, will be fine.
likes being poor.
Sorry, I do not remember .
Lucas. is here to see you.
enjoyed the movie.
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one any everything anyone anything
nobody no one someone everyone each

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