Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Fred Touwslager - Polymer Vision
1. OFET’s in rollable displays
Fred Touwslager
Technology R&D manager
confidential
Outline
ƒ Introduction:
ƒ Organic Field Effect Transistor
ƒ Active matrix display
ƒ Why rollable displays?
ƒ Main technology choices
ƒ Summary
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 2
2. Field Effect Transistor (a.k.a. TFT)
A 3-terminal device in which the current between 2 of the
terminals is determined by the voltage on the third.
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 3
Field effect transistor: basic physics
Transfer characteristics
Drain voltage = -1V
*
- Drain current (A)
Accumulation Variable
Subthreshold
Vt Depletion
*
Vt = onset of accumulation
Gate voltage (V)
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 4
3. Field effect transistors: layouts
bottom contact top contact
bottom gate
top gate
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 5
Organic Field Effect Transistor
Rollable display
TFTs on ultra-thin
plastic
Room temperature
deposition
Organic materials
Integrated in a rollable
display
Resulting in an
extremely thin and
flexible backplane
Enable simple, room
temperature processing
Organics are highly
flexible
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 6
4. (Rollable) Active Matrix display
Active matrix display is a grid of pixels, with a switch connected
to each pixel:
Switch = TFT
CEink
S
Data line
D
G pixel
Gate line
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 7
(Rollable) Active Matrix display
data line
pixel
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 8
5. (Rollable) Active Matrix display
Data
Selection
pulse
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 9
Why displays on flexible carriers
Proposition Target market
Rollable/Foldable Mobile phones, E-readers, UMPCs, …
Flexible Smartcards, advertisement, point of
sale, wearable, …
Robust and lightweight E-readers, point of sale,
advertisement, …
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 10
6. Mobile market: More powerful smaller devices
Device Size decreasing
Storage increasing
Content volume increasing
1G More data 3G+
Mobile display size
Av. Display Av. Display
Size 1.65”
No relative improvement Size 2”
Limited by glass based display technology
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 11
The need for rollable displays
Device size no longer coupled to display size
Display larger
than the
device itself.
Ease of
mobility Display size
ratio:
Smart phone:
<0.3
iPhone: 0.56
Rollable: >1
Display size
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 12
7. Main technology choices
Typical dimensions:
ƒ Pixel: 150μm x 150μm
ƒ Smallest dimensions: 5μm
ƒ Overlay accuracy: < 5 μm
ƒ Layer thicknesses: < 2μm
ƒ Total display thickness for a
rollable display: <100μm
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 13
Main technology choices
Technology Technologies currently under development
block
Substrate Plastic Steel
Substrate Bond-debond Free standing Transfer
handling
Matrix stack Organic a-Si Poly-Si oxides
Patterning Lithography Printing Other
methods
Frontplane Electrophoretic OLED Ch-LC LCD
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 14
8. Substrate
• Chemical stability
• Thermal stability
• Surface quality
• Stiffness
For PEN:
E = 6 GPa
t = 25 μm D = 0.11 Nm
Q =0.33
Et 3
D
12(1 Q ) For steel:
E = 190 GPa
Q = 0.27 – 0.30 t = 8μm
D = 0.11 Nm
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 15
Substrate
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 16
9. Substrate
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 17
Substrate handling
ƒ Free standing (roll to roll or sheet to sheet). Keep in mind the desired
substrate thickness.
ƒ Transfer
ƒ Bond-debond
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 18
10. Matrix stack
Semi-conductor:
ƒ poly-Si: vacuum deposition at T 600°C
ƒ amorphous Si: vacuum deposition / PECVD at T 100°C
ƒ organic: vacuum deposition or spin coating, low temperature
ƒ (mixed) oxides: low T vacuum deposition (ZnO, Ga2O3, ZnMgO, …)
Dielectrics:
ƒ inorganic: vacuum deposition
ƒ organic: spin coating
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 19
Patterning: printing
the vision of kilometers display produced per minute
using roll-to-roll printing methods
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 20
12. Frontplane
Electrophoretic display (EPD) effect:
Black and white particles with opposite charge in a clear liquid.
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 23
Polymer Vision technology
Technology Technologies currently under development
block
Substrate Plastic Steel
Substrate Bond-debond Free standing Transfer
handling
Matrix stack Organic a-Si Poly-Si oxides
Patterning Lithography Printing Other
methods
Frontplane Electrophoretic OLED C-LC LCD
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 24
13. AM backplane layout
Pixel electrode
Field insulator
Semiconductor
Column Pixel electrode
Row Insulator
Plastic substrate
Rigid support
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 25
carrier
Display construction
Display construction
Laminate electrophoretic frontplane laminate
Laminate electrophoretic frontplane laminate
Field insulator
Semiconductor Field insulator
Semiconductor
Column Pixel electrode
Column Pixel electrode
Row Insulator
Row Insulator
Plastic substrate
Plastic substrate
Rigid support
Rigid support
carrier
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 26
carrier
14. Thinnest, most flexible display in the World
Plastic substrate
30Pm
E Ink display effect
40Pm
0.1mm
Organic electronics
backplane
5Pm
Plastic substrate
25Pm
• Ultra-thin is rollable: roll radius § 50 x thickness
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 27
Unbreakable display
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 28
15. Brief history – Philips Research highlights
1995 First logic gates
1998 All-polymer ICs, first transponders (Si diode)
2000 150mm wafer process, scaleable and industrial
2000 World’s 1st OE glass-based display
2003 shift registers (~ 2000 TFTs)
2004 Ferroelectric memory transistors
Time (s)
2006 13.56MHz RFID tag
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
rigid Grey scale flexible Size QVGA rollable
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 29
About Polymer Vision
20xx “A rollable display in every mobile device!”
:
:
2010 MA local AMLCD facility
2009 Assets acquired by
2008 Qualified rollable display and device
2007 Production line transfer yield
2006 Spin-out of Polymer Vision Ltd.
2005 Concept device development
:
2000 Development of rollable display
:
1991 Research on organic electronics
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 30
16. Summary
Polymer Vision offers a robust, flexible and
even rollable display solution.
Polymer Vision uses proven manufacturing
technologies to introduce a new display
technology.
The technology and process have successfully
been introduced into a G2.5 AM-LCD line.
The technology has further matured by the
introduction of a full VGA display and touch.
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 31
Food for thought
ƒ Can cost be the driving force for introduction of disruptive
alternative technologies (e.g. LCD versus CRT)?
ƒ Why is batch processing so popular in LCD and IC manufacturing?
ƒ Why is printing of e.g. value paper still done sheet to sheet?
Themadag Organic and Printed Electronics November 10th 2011 32