Gen AI in Business - Global Trends Report 2024.pdf
Agricultural barrier films Plast09
1. Agricultural barrier films
DSM Engineering Plastics
Ted Brink | Application Development Engineer Extrusion
Living Solutions for People, Planet and Profit 1
DSM Engineering Plastics
2. Contents
• Introduction
• Agricultural barrier films
- why barrier films are necessary
- barrier materials
- film compositions
- film property improvement
• Conclusions
Agricultural barrier films - Plast'09 - Plastics & Agriculture Page 2
DSM Engineering Plastics
3. DSM today
− DSM creates innovative products and services in
life sciences and materials
Pharma Nutrition
− active on 5 continents, more than 250 locations 11% 28%
− approx. 23,000 employees
Performance
− approx. €8.8 billion annual sales in 2007 Materials Polymer
29% Intermediates
− leadership positions in ~75 % of the portfolio Base 15%
Chemicals
& Materials
17%
DSM Engineering Plastics
€ 0.84 bn sales in 2007 and 1,500 employees worldwide
As a leading global supplier of quality engineering plastics
we provide customer value through innovative solutions
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DSM Engineering Plastics
4. DSM EP’s product portfolio for film applications
Akulon® PA6 and PA66 barrier material
Akulon® XP extreme performance PA6
Arnitel® TPC breathable material
Stanyl® high heat resistant PA46
Yparex® maleic anhydride modified polyolefin
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DSM Engineering Plastics
5. Why agricultural barrier films?
Methyl bromide is being used as a fumigant in agriculture
However, MeBr contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer
Application of a barrier film has the following effects:
• reduced emission of MeBr into the atmosphere
• increased effectiviness as fumigant
Methyl bromide is a neurotoxic gas
• odourless
• boiling point: 3.6 °C
• gas density: 3.4 (air = 1)
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6. The ozone hole in 2006
The largest Antarctic
ozone hole recorded
as of September 2006
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DSM Engineering Plastics
7. Montreal protocol 1987
Reduction of methyl bromide developed countries:
• 1998: 25 %
• 2001: 60 %
• 2003: 75 %
• 2005: 100 %
Article 5 countries: 100 % reduction in 2015
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8. Today’s reality
Objectives Montreal will not be reached
• partners granted production of 5.300 tons of methyl bromide
by the USA in 2008
• environmental groups revealed stock of 10.000 tons in USA
• methyl bromide will continue to be used, but volumes will
decrease as alternatives will become available
• alternative fumigants may also require barrier films to
improve efficiency
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DSM Engineering Plastics
9. Containment of emission of fumigant
• prevent emission into the atmosphere by using barrier films
• injection of methyl bromide deep in the soil
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DSM Engineering Plastics
10. Barrier materials
• EVOH
• PA6.66 copolyamide
• PA6 homopolymeer
• PA6 nanocomposite
• blend of PA6 and amorphous PA
• Orgalloy
• coated film (Al, SiO2)
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DSM Engineering Plastics
13. Adhesive or tie resin (DSM Yparex)
• no adhesion between PE and PA in coextrusion
• MAH-g-PE is commonly used to realise adhesion between
PA and PE
• physical adhesion between MAH-g-PE and PE
• chemical reaction between MAH-g-PE and PA
O O
+ H2N + H2O
O N
O O
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14. Requirements agricultural barrier films
Requirements
• British Pest Control: 1 gram MeBr per m² per hour
• French ministry of Agriculture: 0.2 gram MeBr per m² per hour
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15. Coextrusion blown film process
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16. Film processing
• thin film
• large machines
• large bubble diameter
• compromise in material use:
- LDPE needed for bubble stability
- PA6.66 to realise low polymer temperature
• PA6 good alternative to PA6.66 but higher melting point
• rheology of PA differs from PE
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17. LDPE and LLDPE for barrier film
property LDPE LLDPE
bubble
++ +
stability
impact
+ ++
strength
puncture
+ ++
resistance
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DSM Engineering Plastics
18. Viscosity curves of LDPE and PA6
10000
melt viscosity [Pa.s].
1000
LDPE
Akulon F132
100
No proper viscosity match
10
0.01 0.1
between PE and PA6
1 10 100 1000
shear rate [1/s]
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DSM Engineering Plastics
19. Standard materials result in interfacial instability
Rheology mismatch PA6 and LDPE
processing window
10000
viscosity
1000
PA6
LDPE
100
10
0.01 0.1 1 10
shear rate [1/s]
100 1000
leads easily to problems
Poor elasticity and viscosity match
creates wave effect resulting in poor
optical properties and quality risk
wave length
uniform thickness wavy interface
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20. The Akulon XP solution
Minimizes differences in melt viscosity and elasticity of
coextruded materials
Result: widening of processing window
10000 Akulon XP
Akulon XP shows
shear-thinning
viscosity [Pa.s]
1000
behaviour:
• less motor power at
100 LDPE high rpm
MFI 1.9 • higher zero shear
viscosity
10 • lower Tpol at high
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 output
shear rate [1/s]
wide processing window
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21. Akulon XP for agricultural barrier film - trial
Trials in a 3-layer concept
Objective:
replacement PA6.66 to reduce costs and/or improve properties
total film thickness: 25 µm
COPA layer: 6 µm
PE outerlayers: 60 % LLDPE, 30 % LDPE, 10 % Yparex 9403
bubble diameter: 5.8 meter (BUR 2.1)
Yparex 9403
DSM’s tie resin
MAH-g-PE
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22. Akulon XP for agricultural barrier film - results
Replacement of PA6.66 with Akulon XP36-E1:
• LDPE could be omitted while maintaining bubble stability and
improving mechanical properties
or
• bubble diameter could be increased from 5.8 to 7 meter
(BUR 2.8) or
• thickness PA layer could be reduced from 6 to 5 µm while
maintaining mechanical and barrier properties
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24. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
More information:
Ted Brink
Application Development Extrusion
DSM Engineering Plastics
Tel: (31)464767831
e-mail: ted.brink@dsm.com
www.dsmep.com
www.akulon.com
www.yparex.com
Visit us at Hall 20, booth D31
Living Solutions for People, Planet and Profit 24
DSM Engineering Plastics