AHSGE Social Studies

1. BELLRINGER #1
 THE CRUSADES ENCOURAGED
EUROPEANS TO TRAVEL TO DISTANT
LANDS FOR TRADE.
WHAT DID THE CRUSADES HAVE TO
DO WITH THE DISCOVERY OF
AMERICA?

2. BELLRINGER #2
 WHAT ITEMS WERE TRADED IN THE
TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE?
 WHAT WERE THESE ITEMS USED
FOR?

3. AHSGE Chapter 1
• Crusades
Holy wars to regain the Holy Land from the
Muslims.

4. Why are the Crusades important to American
History?
 Results – created a desire for Asian spices
and silks.
Routes – Land routes took too long.
Europeans began looking for
a sea route to Asia.

5.  Prince Henry of Portugal
(Henry the Navigator) established a school for
navigation.
 Henry’s Navigation School used – caravel
(strong sailing ship), astrolabe (instrument to
determine location by using the stars),
compass magnetized needle which points
north.

6. Renaissance and Reformation
 Renaissance – (rebirth) great cultural
developments and societal changes during the
14th through 17th centuries.
 What did the Renaissance encourage people
to do and why was this important?
It encouraged people to read the bible and
the early writings of the church. People
wanted to reform the church by
abolishing any religious practices
that were not found in the Bible.

7. Martin Luther
Began the Protestant Reformation.
Protestant Reformation
movement to reform the Catholic Church.
Many broke away from the Catholic
Church to form their own churches.

8.  How did the Catholic Church feel
about the Protestant Reformation and
what did they do?
To defend the Catholic
faith many missionaries
were sent to the
New World in search of
conversions among the
Native Americans.

9. Columbus and the Columbian Exchange
 Christopher Columbus
An Italian explorer representing Spain in search of a
new sea route to Asia.
 Why was his voyage important? It marked the
beginning of colonization efforts by European
countries in the Americas.
 Columbian Exchange
A mixture of European and Western Hemisphere
cultures.

10.  What were some of the good items
exchanged? Europe brought, sugar,
coffee, horses, and firearms.
 New World offered tobacco, potatoes,
corn and chocolate.

11.  What were some of the bad things
exchanged?
Europeans brought communicable diseases.
These diseases killed almost 80% of
Native Americans because their
immune systems
were not able to
fight them off.

12. European Rivalry and
Exploration in the New World
 What did the New World offer European people
that Europe did not? Opportunities for wealth,
power, adventure and more territory.
 What did Spain and Portugal seek?
Gold, riches and conversions to the Catholic faith.
GOD, GOLD,& GLORY
 What did France and England seek? France
was mainly interested in the fur trade. England
wanted to establish permanent settlements (13
original colonies).

13.  Bartolomeu Dias – First to sail around the tip
of Africa (Cape of Good Hope).
 Vasco Da Gama – First European to find a sea
route to Asia (by sailing around tip of Africa).
 Amerigo Vespucci – First to realize the New
World was an entirely new continent. America
is named after him.
 Vasco de Balboa – First to reach the Pacific
Ocean.
 Ferdinand Magellan – Led first expedition
that sailed around the world. He died in route.

14. Spanish Colonization of the Americas
 Conquistadors
Spanish explorers
(conquerors).
 Hernando Cortez – conquered the
Aztec Empire.
 Francisco Pizarro – conquered the
Inca Empire.
 Francisco Coronado – explored the area of
present day New Mexico in search of Seven
Cities of Gold.

15.  Hernando De Soto – explored present day
Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.
 Ponce De Leon – explored Florida looking for
The Fountain of Youth.
St. Augustine
First European city in North America.
Established to control Spanish trade.

16. French, Dutch, and English Colonization
 The French settle where?
Lands around the St. Lawrence and Mississippi
River (Louisiana).
 The Dutch Settle?
Around the Hudson River
(New York area).
 The English settle? Eastern
seaboard of North America.

17. Southern Colonies
 Sir Walter Raleigh – Sponsored the first
English attempt at colonizing the present-day
United States in Roanoke near present-day
North Carolina.
The Lost Colony
What the Roanoke colony was called because it
disappeared.

18. Jamestown
The first successful (permanent) English colony.
Joint Stock Company – a private company that
sells shares to investors.
House of Burgesses
the first example of a democratic government
in the United States.

19. SOUTHERN COLONIES
 Southern Colonies – Virginia, North Carolina,
South Carolina and Georgia.
 Plantations – large farms
devoted to one main crop.
 Indentured Servants – people who became
servants for 5-7 years to pay for their passage
to America.
 Triangular Trade Route – a trade route
between the Caribbean, the American colonies,
and West Africa. Molasses (sugar), rum, slaves.

20. TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE

21. New England Colonies
 New England Colonies –Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Rhode Island and New
Hampshire.
 Puritans and Pilgrims – people who had
separated from the Church of England and
sought religious freedom in the New World.
Mayflower Compact
An agreement that guaranteed just and equal
laws for all.
It helped contribute to DEMOCRACY.

22. Middle Colonies
 Middle Colonies – New York, New Jersey,
Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.
 Quaker – persecuted religious group.
 William Penn – founder of Pennsylvania.
 Religious group that settle in Maryland?
Roman Catholics
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – City of brotherly
love and the largest city in the thirteen
colonies.

23. Social and Economic Life in the Colonies
 Proprietors – wealthy merchants who
financed the colonies.
 Mercantilism
the main economic system in the colonies.
A nation’s power is measured by its gold
reserves. Belief that a country needs to
export more than it’s imports.