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AHSGE CHAPTER 1
Crusades
• Crusades – Holy _______to regain the Holy Land from the
__________.
• Results – created a _________for Asian spices and silks.
• Routes –___________routes took too long. ______________
began looking for a sea route to Asia.
• Prince Henry of Portugal – (Henry the Navigator)
_______________a school for _______________(the science of
sailing ships).
• Henry’s Navigation School used – ____________(strong sailing
ship), _______________ (instrument to determine location by
using
the stars), ___________magnetized needle which points north.
Renaissance and Reformation
• Renaissance – (rebirth) great cultural________________ and
________________changes during the 14th through 17th centuries.
• What did the Renaissance encourage people to do and why was
this important?
It encouraged people to read literature like the bible and the early
_________________of the church with a critical eye. People wanted
to ______________the church by abolishing
any________________ practices that were not found in the Bible.
• Martin Luther – Began the _____________ Reformation.
• Protestant Reformation – movement to_____________ the Catholic
Church. Many broke away from the Catholic Church to form their
own_______________.
• How did the Catholic Church feel about the Protestant
Reformation and what did they do?
To _____________the Catholic faith many _______________were
sent to the New World in search of ______________among the
Native Americans.
Columbus and the Columbian Exchange
• Christopher Columbus – An Italian ______________representing
Spain in search of a new _________route to Asia.

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• Why was his voyage important? It marked the beginning of
____________efforts by European ____________in the Americas.
• Columbian Exchange – A mixture of European and Western
________________cultures.
• What were some of the good items exchanged?
Europe brought teas, sugar, coffee, horses, and
________________.
New World offered ____________, potatoes, corn and
chocolate.
• What were some of the bad things exchanged?
Europeans brought _______________diseases. These diseases
killed almost 80% of ______________Americans because their
immune systems were not able to _________them off.
European Rivalry and Exploration in the New World
• What did the New World offer European people that Europe did
not?
_______________ for wealth, power, adventure and
more territory.
• What did Spain and Portugal seek?
Gold, ___________ and conversions to the Catholic faith.
• What did France and England seek?
France was mainly ___________in the fur trade. England wanted to
____________ permanent settlements (13 original colonies).
Explorers of the New World
• Bartolomeo Dias – First to sail around the tip of __________ (Cape
of Good____________).
• Vasco Da Gama – First European to find a sea route to
__________(by sailing around tip of Africa).
• Amerigo Vespucci – First to realize the New __________ was an
entirely new continent. ___________is named after him.
• Vasco De Balboa – First to reach the _____________Ocean.
• Ferdinand Magellan – Led first expedition that ____________
around the_____________. He died in route.
Spanish Colonization of the Americas
• Conquistadors –_____________explorers (conquerors).
• Hernando Cortez – conquered the _________Empire.

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• Francisco Pizarro – conquered the_ ___________Empire.
• Francisco Coronado – explored the area of present day New
_________in search of ____________Cities of Gold.
• Hernando De Soto – explored present day ___________, Alabama,
and Mississippi.
• Ponce De Leon – explored Florida looking for The ________of Youth.
• St. Augustine – First ______________city in North America.
____________to control Spanish trade.
French, Dutch, and English Colonization
• The French settle where? Lands around the St. ____________and
Mississippi River (Louisiana).
• The Dutch Settle? Around the __________River (New York area).
• The English settle? Eastern ___________of North America.
Southern Colonies
• Sir Walter Raleigh – Sponsored the first English ____________ at
colonizing the present-day United States in Roanoke near present-day
___________ Carolina.
• The Lost Colony –What the Roanoke colony was called because
it________________.
• Jamestown – The first _____________English colony.
• Joint Stock Company – a private company that ____________
shares to investors.
• House of Burgesses – the first example of a
___________government in the United States.
• Southern Colonies – Virginia, North____________, South
Carolina and Georgia.
• Plantations – large _________devoted to one main crop.
• Indentured Servants – people who became __________for 5-7 years
to pay for their ____________to America.
• Triangular Trade Route – a trade route between the__________,
the American colonies, and West Africa. ____________(sugar), rum,
slaves.

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New England Colonies
• New England Colonies –Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and
New _____________.
• Puritans and Pilgrims – people who had ____________from the
Church of England and sought ____________freedom in the New
World.
• Mayflower Compact – An agreement that ____________just and
equal laws for all. Helped ____________ to democracy.
Middle Colonies
• Middle Colonies – New York, New Jersey, ____________, Maryland,
and Pennsylvania.
• Quaker –___________ religious group.
• William Penn – founder of_______________.
• Religious group that settle in Maryland?
Roman ____________
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – City of___________ love and the
largest ___________in the thirteen colonies.
Social and Economic Life in the Colonies
Proprietors – wealthy ____________who financed the colonies.
Mercantilism – the main ___________system in the colonies. A nation’s
power is _____________by its gold reserves. Belief that
a_________________ needs to export more than it imports.