SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 20
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Hydraulic Fracturing Panel

   Water Considerations

           Presented at

  Texas Groundwater Summit

       August 28-30, 2012

                by

    Ronald T. Green, Ph.D. , P.G.
Geosciences and Engineering Division
   Southwest Research Institute®
Amount of Water Needed to Hydraulically
                          Fracture a Well

Water demand to frack a well is substantial:

   5-15 acre-ft (1,500,000-5,000,000 gallons) to frack a borehole
        acre- (1,500,000-            gallons)

   Compared with 100,000 gallons to drill a well

Disposal of Fracking Waste Water

   Considerable amount of degraded water returns to surface as
   flowback:
   flowback: 20% in “dry” formations, 80% in “wet” formations

   Quality of flowback can be poor: fracking additives plus high-salinity in
                              poor:                         high-
   situ groundwater

   Disposal of flowback in Texas is often by deep-well injection
                                             deep-

                                                                       Page 2
Water Quality of Concern in Flowback


Flowback contains fracking additives
  Precipitated & entrained solids (scaling tendencies)
      Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr
               Ba,
      Mineral scales (calcium carbonate & BaSO4)
      Iron solids (iron oxide and iron sulfide)
      Dispersed clay fines, colloids & silts
  High dissolved solids levels (chlorides, sulfates, calcium, etc.)
  Bacteria
  Suspended solids, frack sand (proppant)
                                  (proppant)
  Liquid & gas hydrocarbons
      Acid gases (CO2 & H2S)
  Friction reducer residue
plus formation (i.e., highly saline) water
                                                                      Page 3
Stress-
            Stress-Field Induced Preferential Flow


Injected fluids tend to follow existing fractures consistent
with pre-existing stress field instead of as a isotropic sphere
     pre-

         An injection well has greater influence
         in the direction of maximum horizontal
          stress and major faults and fractures


           Actual                                  Isotropic
         volume of                                   sphere
          injection




                                                               Page 4
Regulations Predicated on Isotropic Media



Disposal Well Permit Guidance (Texas)
  … the applicant shall review … wells that penetrate the
  proposed disposal zone within a 1/4 mile radius of the
  proposed disposal well to determine if all abandoned
  wells have been plugged in a manner that will prevent
  the movement of fluids from the disposal zone into
  freshwater strata.

This regulation assumes pure radial flow and does not
account for heterogeneity that could result from stress-
                                                 stress-
field induced directional flow
                                                        Page 5
Inadvertent Contaminant Migration

                             Possible Modes of Migration
1.   Migration along fault or through confining layer – not likely unless vertical
     separation is minimal
2.   Migration via an existing borehole (i.e., abandoned open well) – possible,
     particularly if an abandoned well is not identified, reasonably close to the
     disposal well, and contaminant is injected into the same horizon as the
     screened section of the abandoned well
                                Injection of
            Disposal           disposal fluids
              well                                   Abandoned
                                                     open wells




         Usable aquifer

        Confining layer

       Zone of injection
                                                                                     Page 6
Example: Proposed Injection Well




±                         A




        0   0.5   1   2       3   4
                                      Kilometers
                                                   Page 7
Abandoned Oil/Gas Wells
    RRC Database is not Comprehensive




         Proposed
         Disposal
±           Well


                                                 Well
                                                 Symbol
                                                  A!    Permitted Location

                                                 D      Canceled Location
                                                 R      Dry Hole
                                                 !(     Oil Well

       Existing Water                             #
                                                  *     Gas Well

            Wells                                )
                                                 "      Oil/Gas Well
                                                 !.     Plugged Oil Well

          0   0.5   1   2   3   4
                                                 #0     Plugged Gas Well

                                    Kilometers    /
                                                  "     Plugged Oil/Gas Well
                                                                   Page 8
Area of Interest




                   Page 9
Stress-Field Ellipse Indicating Potential
         Direction of Preferential Flow


                              ¼-mile
                              radius
           Proposed
           Disposal
±             Well


                                                        Well
                                                        Symbol
                                                         A!    Permitted Location

                                                        D      Canceled Location
                                  Abandoned             R      Dry Hole

                                     Wells              !(     Oil Well

         Existing Water                                  #
                                                         *     Gas Well

              Wells                                     )
                                                        "      Oil/Gas Well
                                                        !.     Plugged Oil Well

            0   0.5   1   2   3        4
                                                        #0     Plugged Gas Well

                                           Kilometers    /
                                                         "     Plugged Oil/Gas Well
                                                                          Page 10
Actual Threat from Disposal Wells

    Failure of wells used for deep-well
 disposal of waste fluids and migration of
waste fluids through 1,000s of feet of rock
        are not the greatest threat

Abandoned wells pose the greatest threat
in deep-well disposal of waste fluids, and
       possibly hydraulic fracking


                                              Page 11
How Great is the Threat from Abandoned Wells?


Oil drilling began in earnest in the early 1900s, some
                                           1900s,
wells have been in existence for almost a century.
Records of wells, especially older wells, are often
incomplete or absent.
              absent.
Well casing is estimated effective for 20 yrs, structural
                                          yrs,
integrity of older abandoned wells may be compromised.
How many? Estimates vary from less than 10,000 to
over 110,000 (orphan and inactive) wells.
                                   wells.




                                                         Page 12
Is Waste Disposal by Deep-Well Injection
                                   Deep-
                            a Problem?

Disposal of degraded fluids after fracking (flowback) by
                                            flowback)
12,610 disposal wells in Texas

RRC requires notification of all occurrences of breakout, but
                                                breakout,
doesn’t maintain a single database

RRC on retains records on breakout for only two years

There are documented cases of breakout

In absence of a centralized database, risk is unknown, but
possible

                                                             Page 13
Recommendations


There are several actions the State can take to mitigate
the threat of contamination due to “breakout” from a
disposal well.

  Limit or prohibit injection of liquid wastes into oil/gas (i.e.,
  productive) formations, particularly formations with a history of
              formations,
  oil/gas development. That’s where the abandoned wells are.

  Increase the ¼-mile radial distance from proposed disposal well
               ¼-
  over which abandoned wells are searched.

  Develop a single database for all occurrences of “breakout”. Risk
  from breakout can only be assessed if number of occurrences and
  their severity are known.
                                                                      Page 14
Contact Information




Ronald T. Green, Ph.D., P.G.
Institute Scientist
Geosciences and Engineering Division
Southwest Research Institute
6220 Culebra
San Antonio, Texas 78238
1.210.522.5305 (office)
1.210.522.5184 (fax)
1.210.316.9242 (cell)
rgreen@swri.edu


                                          Page 15
Page 16
SW Segment of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer
              Pre-
              Pre-Development Potentiometric Surface




Groundwater elevation
reconstructed with limited
data and historical
evidence of spring flow
and flowing artesian wells.

(modified from Deeds et al., 2003)



                                                  Page 17
1929- Carrizo-
                   1929-30 Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer
                       Potentiometric Surface




Pumpage was estimated
at 27,000 acre-ft/yr in
1929-30

Zone of depression is
about 150 ft lower than
pre-development
groundwater elevation

(modified from Deeds et al., 2003)
                                                    Page 18
1999 Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer
                          Carrizo-
                       Potentiometric Surface




Pumpage was estimated
at 65,000-80,000
acre-ft/yr in 1999

Zones of depression are
about 350 ft lower than
pre-development
groundwater elevation

(modified from Deeds et al., 2003)
                                                   Page 19
Page 20

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

A Review of Various Wettability Measurement Techniques
A Review of Various Wettability Measurement TechniquesA Review of Various Wettability Measurement Techniques
A Review of Various Wettability Measurement TechniquesAdjei Sephen
 
reservoir engineering
reservoir engineeringreservoir engineering
reservoir engineeringbehnamproeng
 
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 5
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 5Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 5
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 5Aijaz Ali Mooro
 
Drilling Operations of Ground Water Wells AAPG-TUSC Tanta Univ 05-09-2016
Drilling Operations of Ground Water Wells AAPG-TUSC Tanta Univ 05-09-2016Drilling Operations of Ground Water Wells AAPG-TUSC Tanta Univ 05-09-2016
Drilling Operations of Ground Water Wells AAPG-TUSC Tanta Univ 05-09-2016Mohamed _el_shora
 
Expandable liner hanger and packer exceed expectations for first deepwater we...
Expandable liner hanger and packer exceed expectations for first deepwater we...Expandable liner hanger and packer exceed expectations for first deepwater we...
Expandable liner hanger and packer exceed expectations for first deepwater we...Baker Hughes
 
LNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 Pollution
LNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 PollutionLNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 Pollution
LNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 PollutionJerry Hunt
 
Middle stage production period in messla field
Middle stage production period in messla fieldMiddle stage production period in messla field
Middle stage production period in messla fieldShakier Khalifa
 
Soil investigation – some views
Soil investigation – some viewsSoil investigation – some views
Soil investigation – some viewsDr K M SONI
 
Dr. Ahmad Abdul Hay Agwa - Offshore drilling waste treatments & risk manageme...
Dr. Ahmad Abdul Hay Agwa - Offshore drilling waste treatments & risk manageme...Dr. Ahmad Abdul Hay Agwa - Offshore drilling waste treatments & risk manageme...
Dr. Ahmad Abdul Hay Agwa - Offshore drilling waste treatments & risk manageme...promediakw
 
instrumentation,characterization of water stationary phase in cGAS CHROMATOGR...
instrumentation,characterization of water stationary phase in cGAS CHROMATOGR...instrumentation,characterization of water stationary phase in cGAS CHROMATOGR...
instrumentation,characterization of water stationary phase in cGAS CHROMATOGR...Parimi Anuradha
 
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS- DRILLING FOOTPRINT REDUCTION CHALLENGE
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS- DRILLING FOOTPRINT REDUCTION CHALLENGE UNCONVENTIONAL GAS- DRILLING FOOTPRINT REDUCTION CHALLENGE
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS- DRILLING FOOTPRINT REDUCTION CHALLENGE Akhil Prabhakar
 
Exploring Tight Gas Reservoir Using Intelligent Well Technology
Exploring Tight Gas Reservoir Using Intelligent Well TechnologyExploring Tight Gas Reservoir Using Intelligent Well Technology
Exploring Tight Gas Reservoir Using Intelligent Well TechnologyAbhinav Bisht
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Water control
Water controlWater control
Water control
 
A Review of Various Wettability Measurement Techniques
A Review of Various Wettability Measurement TechniquesA Review of Various Wettability Measurement Techniques
A Review of Various Wettability Measurement Techniques
 
Reservoir rock & fluid
Reservoir rock & fluidReservoir rock & fluid
Reservoir rock & fluid
 
Recap final celeus 1
Recap final celeus 1Recap final celeus 1
Recap final celeus 1
 
tight reservoir
tight reservoir tight reservoir
tight reservoir
 
Reservoir mechanics
Reservoir mechanicsReservoir mechanics
Reservoir mechanics
 
reservoir engineering
reservoir engineeringreservoir engineering
reservoir engineering
 
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 5
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 5Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 5
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 5
 
Ng pres antwerpen 08122010
Ng pres antwerpen 08122010Ng pres antwerpen 08122010
Ng pres antwerpen 08122010
 
Drilling Operations of Ground Water Wells AAPG-TUSC Tanta Univ 05-09-2016
Drilling Operations of Ground Water Wells AAPG-TUSC Tanta Univ 05-09-2016Drilling Operations of Ground Water Wells AAPG-TUSC Tanta Univ 05-09-2016
Drilling Operations of Ground Water Wells AAPG-TUSC Tanta Univ 05-09-2016
 
Expandable liner hanger and packer exceed expectations for first deepwater we...
Expandable liner hanger and packer exceed expectations for first deepwater we...Expandable liner hanger and packer exceed expectations for first deepwater we...
Expandable liner hanger and packer exceed expectations for first deepwater we...
 
LNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 Pollution
LNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 PollutionLNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 Pollution
LNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 Pollution
 
formation evaluation
formation evaluationformation evaluation
formation evaluation
 
Middle stage production period in messla field
Middle stage production period in messla fieldMiddle stage production period in messla field
Middle stage production period in messla field
 
Soil investigation – some views
Soil investigation – some viewsSoil investigation – some views
Soil investigation – some views
 
Dr. Ahmad Abdul Hay Agwa - Offshore drilling waste treatments & risk manageme...
Dr. Ahmad Abdul Hay Agwa - Offshore drilling waste treatments & risk manageme...Dr. Ahmad Abdul Hay Agwa - Offshore drilling waste treatments & risk manageme...
Dr. Ahmad Abdul Hay Agwa - Offshore drilling waste treatments & risk manageme...
 
instrumentation,characterization of water stationary phase in cGAS CHROMATOGR...
instrumentation,characterization of water stationary phase in cGAS CHROMATOGR...instrumentation,characterization of water stationary phase in cGAS CHROMATOGR...
instrumentation,characterization of water stationary phase in cGAS CHROMATOGR...
 
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS- DRILLING FOOTPRINT REDUCTION CHALLENGE
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS- DRILLING FOOTPRINT REDUCTION CHALLENGE UNCONVENTIONAL GAS- DRILLING FOOTPRINT REDUCTION CHALLENGE
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS- DRILLING FOOTPRINT REDUCTION CHALLENGE
 
Exploring Tight Gas Reservoir Using Intelligent Well Technology
Exploring Tight Gas Reservoir Using Intelligent Well TechnologyExploring Tight Gas Reservoir Using Intelligent Well Technology
Exploring Tight Gas Reservoir Using Intelligent Well Technology
 
5 eor chemical-methods,
5 eor chemical-methods,5 eor chemical-methods,
5 eor chemical-methods,
 

Ähnlich wie Water Considerations and Hydraulic Fracturing, Ron Green

Oslo university basic well log analysis introduction
Oslo university basic well log analysis   introductionOslo university basic well log analysis   introduction
Oslo university basic well log analysis introductionJavier Espinoza
 
Q922+log+l03 v1
Q922+log+l03 v1Q922+log+l03 v1
Q922+log+l03 v1AFATous
 
Vacuum Sewers For Coastal Areas
Vacuum Sewers For Coastal AreasVacuum Sewers For Coastal Areas
Vacuum Sewers For Coastal AreasSoma Bhadra
 
CSS Offshore discharge (2012 October)
CSS Offshore discharge (2012 October)CSS Offshore discharge (2012 October)
CSS Offshore discharge (2012 October)Niclas Karlsson
 
hydro chapter_11_hydrology_by louy al hami
hydro  chapter_11_hydrology_by louy al hami hydro  chapter_11_hydrology_by louy al hami
hydro chapter_11_hydrology_by louy al hami Louy Alhamy
 
Shale Oil: A new age of abundance?
Shale Oil: A new age of abundance?Shale Oil: A new age of abundance?
Shale Oil: A new age of abundance?APPGOPO
 
State & Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comparative Analysis
State & Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comparative AnalysisState & Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comparative Analysis
State & Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comparative AnalysisDan Arthur
 
Sigve Hamilton Aspelund: Coiled tubing underbalanced drilling
Sigve Hamilton Aspelund: Coiled tubing underbalanced drillingSigve Hamilton Aspelund: Coiled tubing underbalanced drilling
Sigve Hamilton Aspelund: Coiled tubing underbalanced drillingSigve Hamilton Aspelund
 
Canada; Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering Fact ...
Canada;  Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering  Fact ...Canada;  Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering  Fact ...
Canada; Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering Fact ...D5Z
 
Seminario Elena Jurado CSIC - IDAEA nov. 2006
Seminario Elena Jurado CSIC - IDAEA nov. 2006Seminario Elena Jurado CSIC - IDAEA nov. 2006
Seminario Elena Jurado CSIC - IDAEA nov. 2006Elena Jurado
 
Modern Shale Gas Development
Modern Shale Gas DevelopmentModern Shale Gas Development
Modern Shale Gas DevelopmentDan Arthur
 
The Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for Landowners
The Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for LandownersThe Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for Landowners
The Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for LandownersDan Arthur
 

Ähnlich wie Water Considerations and Hydraulic Fracturing, Ron Green (20)

Oslo university basic well log analysis introduction
Oslo university basic well log analysis   introductionOslo university basic well log analysis   introduction
Oslo university basic well log analysis introduction
 
2016 mullins hogs
2016 mullins hogs2016 mullins hogs
2016 mullins hogs
 
Q922+log+l03 v1
Q922+log+l03 v1Q922+log+l03 v1
Q922+log+l03 v1
 
Vacuum Sewers For Coastal Areas
Vacuum Sewers For Coastal AreasVacuum Sewers For Coastal Areas
Vacuum Sewers For Coastal Areas
 
Buonicore, anthony edr
Buonicore, anthony  edrBuonicore, anthony  edr
Buonicore, anthony edr
 
drilling fluid-tripathi
drilling fluid-tripathidrilling fluid-tripathi
drilling fluid-tripathi
 
CSS Offshore discharge (2012 October)
CSS Offshore discharge (2012 October)CSS Offshore discharge (2012 October)
CSS Offshore discharge (2012 October)
 
hydro chapter_11_hydrology_by louy al hami
hydro  chapter_11_hydrology_by louy al hami hydro  chapter_11_hydrology_by louy al hami
hydro chapter_11_hydrology_by louy al hami
 
Tailings
TailingsTailings
Tailings
 
Darcy’s law
Darcy’s lawDarcy’s law
Darcy’s law
 
Shale Oil: A new age of abundance?
Shale Oil: A new age of abundance?Shale Oil: A new age of abundance?
Shale Oil: A new age of abundance?
 
State & Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comparative Analysis
State & Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comparative AnalysisState & Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comparative Analysis
State & Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comparative Analysis
 
Sigve Hamilton Aspelund: Coiled tubing underbalanced drilling
Sigve Hamilton Aspelund: Coiled tubing underbalanced drillingSigve Hamilton Aspelund: Coiled tubing underbalanced drilling
Sigve Hamilton Aspelund: Coiled tubing underbalanced drilling
 
Canada; Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering Fact ...
Canada;  Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering  Fact ...Canada;  Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering  Fact ...
Canada; Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering Fact ...
 
Seminario Elena Jurado CSIC - IDAEA nov. 2006
Seminario Elena Jurado CSIC - IDAEA nov. 2006Seminario Elena Jurado CSIC - IDAEA nov. 2006
Seminario Elena Jurado CSIC - IDAEA nov. 2006
 
BMP for Community Session 4
BMP for Community Session 4 BMP for Community Session 4
BMP for Community Session 4
 
Porosity
Porosity Porosity
Porosity
 
Modern Shale Gas Development
Modern Shale Gas DevelopmentModern Shale Gas Development
Modern Shale Gas Development
 
Well logging
Well loggingWell logging
Well logging
 
The Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for Landowners
The Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for LandownersThe Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for Landowners
The Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for Landowners
 

Mehr von TXGroundwaterSummit

Drought: Looking Back and Planning Ahead, Todd Votteler
Drought: Looking Back and Planning Ahead, Todd VottelerDrought: Looking Back and Planning Ahead, Todd Votteler
Drought: Looking Back and Planning Ahead, Todd VottelerTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Hydraulic Fracturing - Oil and Gas Perspective, Steve Jester
Hydraulic Fracturing - Oil and Gas Perspective, Steve JesterHydraulic Fracturing - Oil and Gas Perspective, Steve Jester
Hydraulic Fracturing - Oil and Gas Perspective, Steve JesterTXGroundwaterSummit
 
DFC's Demystified and GMA Status Update, Bill Hutchison
DFC's Demystified and GMA Status Update, Bill HutchisonDFC's Demystified and GMA Status Update, Bill Hutchison
DFC's Demystified and GMA Status Update, Bill HutchisonTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Weather Modification, Todd Flanagan
Weather Modification, Todd FlanaganWeather Modification, Todd Flanagan
Weather Modification, Todd FlanaganTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Groundwater Interests Panel - Producers, Ronald Gertson
Groundwater Interests Panel - Producers, Ronald GertsonGroundwater Interests Panel - Producers, Ronald Gertson
Groundwater Interests Panel - Producers, Ronald GertsonTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Current State of Groundwater Management, Larry French
Current State of Groundwater Management, Larry FrenchCurrent State of Groundwater Management, Larry French
Current State of Groundwater Management, Larry FrenchTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Groundwater Research and Technology, Stefan Schuster
Groundwater Research and Technology, Stefan SchusterGroundwater Research and Technology, Stefan Schuster
Groundwater Research and Technology, Stefan SchusterTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Permitting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Leslie Savage
Permitting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Leslie SavagePermitting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Leslie Savage
Permitting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Leslie SavageTXGroundwaterSummit
 
GCD Panel - Drought Response, Kirk Holland
GCD Panel - Drought Response, Kirk HollandGCD Panel - Drought Response, Kirk Holland
GCD Panel - Drought Response, Kirk HollandTXGroundwaterSummit
 
GCD Panel - Overcoming Challenges, Ken Carver
GCD Panel - Overcoming Challenges, Ken CarverGCD Panel - Overcoming Challenges, Ken Carver
GCD Panel - Overcoming Challenges, Ken CarverTXGroundwaterSummit
 
PGMA Process and TCEQ's Role in Groundwater, Kelly Mills
PGMA Process and TCEQ's Role in Groundwater, Kelly MillsPGMA Process and TCEQ's Role in Groundwater, Kelly Mills
PGMA Process and TCEQ's Role in Groundwater, Kelly MillsTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Kelley Neumann
Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Kelley NeumannAquifer Storage and Recovery, Kelley Neumann
Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Kelley NeumannTXGroundwaterSummit
 
GCD Panel - Water Conservation/Management in Urban Areas, Kathy Turner Jones
GCD Panel - Water Conservation/Management in Urban Areas, Kathy Turner JonesGCD Panel - Water Conservation/Management in Urban Areas, Kathy Turner Jones
GCD Panel - Water Conservation/Management in Urban Areas, Kathy Turner JonesTXGroundwaterSummit
 
GCD Panel - Management Strategies (East/Central Texas), Gary Westbrook
GCD Panel - Management Strategies (East/Central Texas), Gary WestbrookGCD Panel - Management Strategies (East/Central Texas), Gary Westbrook
GCD Panel - Management Strategies (East/Central Texas), Gary WestbrookTXGroundwaterSummit
 
A Desalination Success Story, Ed Archuleta
A Desalination Success Story, Ed ArchuletaA Desalination Success Story, Ed Archuleta
A Desalination Success Story, Ed ArchuletaTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Public Perceptions and Hydraulic Fracturing, Drew Nelson
Public Perceptions and Hydraulic Fracturing, Drew NelsonPublic Perceptions and Hydraulic Fracturing, Drew Nelson
Public Perceptions and Hydraulic Fracturing, Drew NelsonTXGroundwaterSummit
 
Groundwater Science, James Beach
Groundwater Science, James BeachGroundwater Science, James Beach
Groundwater Science, James BeachTXGroundwaterSummit
 
State Water Plan and RWPG Updates from the Groundwater Perspective, Carolyn B...
State Water Plan and RWPG Updates from the Groundwater Perspective, Carolyn B...State Water Plan and RWPG Updates from the Groundwater Perspective, Carolyn B...
State Water Plan and RWPG Updates from the Groundwater Perspective, Carolyn B...TXGroundwaterSummit
 
Interim Charges and 2013 Legislative Outlook, Brian Sledge
Interim Charges and 2013 Legislative Outlook, Brian SledgeInterim Charges and 2013 Legislative Outlook, Brian Sledge
Interim Charges and 2013 Legislative Outlook, Brian SledgeTXGroundwaterSummit
 

Mehr von TXGroundwaterSummit (20)

Drought: Looking Back and Planning Ahead, Todd Votteler
Drought: Looking Back and Planning Ahead, Todd VottelerDrought: Looking Back and Planning Ahead, Todd Votteler
Drought: Looking Back and Planning Ahead, Todd Votteler
 
Hydraulic Fracturing - Oil and Gas Perspective, Steve Jester
Hydraulic Fracturing - Oil and Gas Perspective, Steve JesterHydraulic Fracturing - Oil and Gas Perspective, Steve Jester
Hydraulic Fracturing - Oil and Gas Perspective, Steve Jester
 
DFC's Demystified and GMA Status Update, Bill Hutchison
DFC's Demystified and GMA Status Update, Bill HutchisonDFC's Demystified and GMA Status Update, Bill Hutchison
DFC's Demystified and GMA Status Update, Bill Hutchison
 
Weather Modification, Todd Flanagan
Weather Modification, Todd FlanaganWeather Modification, Todd Flanagan
Weather Modification, Todd Flanagan
 
Groundwater Interests Panel - Producers, Ronald Gertson
Groundwater Interests Panel - Producers, Ronald GertsonGroundwater Interests Panel - Producers, Ronald Gertson
Groundwater Interests Panel - Producers, Ronald Gertson
 
Current State of Groundwater Management, Larry French
Current State of Groundwater Management, Larry FrenchCurrent State of Groundwater Management, Larry French
Current State of Groundwater Management, Larry French
 
Groundwater Research and Technology, Stefan Schuster
Groundwater Research and Technology, Stefan SchusterGroundwater Research and Technology, Stefan Schuster
Groundwater Research and Technology, Stefan Schuster
 
Case Law Update, Sarah Faust
Case Law Update, Sarah FaustCase Law Update, Sarah Faust
Case Law Update, Sarah Faust
 
Permitting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Leslie Savage
Permitting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Leslie SavagePermitting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Leslie Savage
Permitting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Leslie Savage
 
GCD Panel - Drought Response, Kirk Holland
GCD Panel - Drought Response, Kirk HollandGCD Panel - Drought Response, Kirk Holland
GCD Panel - Drought Response, Kirk Holland
 
GCD Panel - Overcoming Challenges, Ken Carver
GCD Panel - Overcoming Challenges, Ken CarverGCD Panel - Overcoming Challenges, Ken Carver
GCD Panel - Overcoming Challenges, Ken Carver
 
PGMA Process and TCEQ's Role in Groundwater, Kelly Mills
PGMA Process and TCEQ's Role in Groundwater, Kelly MillsPGMA Process and TCEQ's Role in Groundwater, Kelly Mills
PGMA Process and TCEQ's Role in Groundwater, Kelly Mills
 
Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Kelley Neumann
Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Kelley NeumannAquifer Storage and Recovery, Kelley Neumann
Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Kelley Neumann
 
GCD Panel - Water Conservation/Management in Urban Areas, Kathy Turner Jones
GCD Panel - Water Conservation/Management in Urban Areas, Kathy Turner JonesGCD Panel - Water Conservation/Management in Urban Areas, Kathy Turner Jones
GCD Panel - Water Conservation/Management in Urban Areas, Kathy Turner Jones
 
GCD Panel - Management Strategies (East/Central Texas), Gary Westbrook
GCD Panel - Management Strategies (East/Central Texas), Gary WestbrookGCD Panel - Management Strategies (East/Central Texas), Gary Westbrook
GCD Panel - Management Strategies (East/Central Texas), Gary Westbrook
 
A Desalination Success Story, Ed Archuleta
A Desalination Success Story, Ed ArchuletaA Desalination Success Story, Ed Archuleta
A Desalination Success Story, Ed Archuleta
 
Public Perceptions and Hydraulic Fracturing, Drew Nelson
Public Perceptions and Hydraulic Fracturing, Drew NelsonPublic Perceptions and Hydraulic Fracturing, Drew Nelson
Public Perceptions and Hydraulic Fracturing, Drew Nelson
 
Groundwater Science, James Beach
Groundwater Science, James BeachGroundwater Science, James Beach
Groundwater Science, James Beach
 
State Water Plan and RWPG Updates from the Groundwater Perspective, Carolyn B...
State Water Plan and RWPG Updates from the Groundwater Perspective, Carolyn B...State Water Plan and RWPG Updates from the Groundwater Perspective, Carolyn B...
State Water Plan and RWPG Updates from the Groundwater Perspective, Carolyn B...
 
Interim Charges and 2013 Legislative Outlook, Brian Sledge
Interim Charges and 2013 Legislative Outlook, Brian SledgeInterim Charges and 2013 Legislative Outlook, Brian Sledge
Interim Charges and 2013 Legislative Outlook, Brian Sledge
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptxHELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptxHelene Heckrotte
 
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...Brian Solis
 
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003believeminhh
 
Project Brief & Information Architecture Report
Project Brief & Information Architecture ReportProject Brief & Information Architecture Report
Project Brief & Information Architecture Reportamberjiles31
 
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...IMARC Group
 
Harvard Business Review.pptx | Navigating Labor Unrest (March-April 2024)
Harvard Business Review.pptx | Navigating Labor Unrest (March-April 2024)Harvard Business Review.pptx | Navigating Labor Unrest (March-April 2024)
Harvard Business Review.pptx | Navigating Labor Unrest (March-April 2024)tazeenaila12
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...Khaled Al Awadi
 
To Create Your Own Wig Online To Create Your Own Wig Online
To Create Your Own Wig Online  To Create Your Own Wig OnlineTo Create Your Own Wig Online  To Create Your Own Wig Online
To Create Your Own Wig Online To Create Your Own Wig Onlinelng ths
 
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...ISONIKELtd
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.mcshagufta46
 
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agencyAnyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agencyHanna Klim
 
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsUpgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsIntellect Design Arena Ltd
 
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISINGUNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISINGlokeshwarmaha
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfAMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfJohnCarloValencia4
 
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the companyAmazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the companyfashionfound007
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsFabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsWristbands Ireland
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptxHELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
HELENE HECKROTTE'S PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO.pptx
 
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
The End of Business as Usual: Rewire the Way You Work to Succeed in the Consu...
 
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
 
Project Brief & Information Architecture Report
Project Brief & Information Architecture ReportProject Brief & Information Architecture Report
Project Brief & Information Architecture Report
 
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
 
Harvard Business Review.pptx | Navigating Labor Unrest (March-April 2024)
Harvard Business Review.pptx | Navigating Labor Unrest (March-April 2024)Harvard Business Review.pptx | Navigating Labor Unrest (March-April 2024)
Harvard Business Review.pptx | Navigating Labor Unrest (March-April 2024)
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
 
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
 
To Create Your Own Wig Online To Create Your Own Wig Online
To Create Your Own Wig Online  To Create Your Own Wig OnlineTo Create Your Own Wig Online  To Create Your Own Wig Online
To Create Your Own Wig Online To Create Your Own Wig Online
 
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
ISONIKE Ltd Accreditation for the Conformity Assessment and Certification of ...
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
 
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
 
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agencyAnyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
 
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsUpgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
 
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISINGUNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
UNLEASHING THE POWER OF PROGRAMMATIC ADVERTISING
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
 
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfAMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
 
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the companyAmazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
Amazon ppt.pptx Amazon about the company
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
 
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsFabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
 

Water Considerations and Hydraulic Fracturing, Ron Green

  • 1. Hydraulic Fracturing Panel Water Considerations Presented at Texas Groundwater Summit August 28-30, 2012 by Ronald T. Green, Ph.D. , P.G. Geosciences and Engineering Division Southwest Research Institute®
  • 2. Amount of Water Needed to Hydraulically Fracture a Well Water demand to frack a well is substantial: 5-15 acre-ft (1,500,000-5,000,000 gallons) to frack a borehole acre- (1,500,000- gallons) Compared with 100,000 gallons to drill a well Disposal of Fracking Waste Water Considerable amount of degraded water returns to surface as flowback: flowback: 20% in “dry” formations, 80% in “wet” formations Quality of flowback can be poor: fracking additives plus high-salinity in poor: high- situ groundwater Disposal of flowback in Texas is often by deep-well injection deep- Page 2
  • 3. Water Quality of Concern in Flowback Flowback contains fracking additives Precipitated & entrained solids (scaling tendencies) Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr Ba, Mineral scales (calcium carbonate & BaSO4) Iron solids (iron oxide and iron sulfide) Dispersed clay fines, colloids & silts High dissolved solids levels (chlorides, sulfates, calcium, etc.) Bacteria Suspended solids, frack sand (proppant) (proppant) Liquid & gas hydrocarbons Acid gases (CO2 & H2S) Friction reducer residue plus formation (i.e., highly saline) water Page 3
  • 4. Stress- Stress-Field Induced Preferential Flow Injected fluids tend to follow existing fractures consistent with pre-existing stress field instead of as a isotropic sphere pre- An injection well has greater influence in the direction of maximum horizontal stress and major faults and fractures Actual Isotropic volume of sphere injection Page 4
  • 5. Regulations Predicated on Isotropic Media Disposal Well Permit Guidance (Texas) … the applicant shall review … wells that penetrate the proposed disposal zone within a 1/4 mile radius of the proposed disposal well to determine if all abandoned wells have been plugged in a manner that will prevent the movement of fluids from the disposal zone into freshwater strata. This regulation assumes pure radial flow and does not account for heterogeneity that could result from stress- stress- field induced directional flow Page 5
  • 6. Inadvertent Contaminant Migration Possible Modes of Migration 1. Migration along fault or through confining layer – not likely unless vertical separation is minimal 2. Migration via an existing borehole (i.e., abandoned open well) – possible, particularly if an abandoned well is not identified, reasonably close to the disposal well, and contaminant is injected into the same horizon as the screened section of the abandoned well Injection of Disposal disposal fluids well Abandoned open wells Usable aquifer Confining layer Zone of injection Page 6
  • 7. Example: Proposed Injection Well ± A 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Kilometers Page 7
  • 8. Abandoned Oil/Gas Wells RRC Database is not Comprehensive Proposed Disposal ± Well Well Symbol A! Permitted Location D Canceled Location R Dry Hole !( Oil Well Existing Water # * Gas Well Wells ) " Oil/Gas Well !. Plugged Oil Well 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 #0 Plugged Gas Well Kilometers / " Plugged Oil/Gas Well Page 8
  • 10. Stress-Field Ellipse Indicating Potential Direction of Preferential Flow ¼-mile radius Proposed Disposal ± Well Well Symbol A! Permitted Location D Canceled Location Abandoned R Dry Hole Wells !( Oil Well Existing Water # * Gas Well Wells ) " Oil/Gas Well !. Plugged Oil Well 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 #0 Plugged Gas Well Kilometers / " Plugged Oil/Gas Well Page 10
  • 11. Actual Threat from Disposal Wells Failure of wells used for deep-well disposal of waste fluids and migration of waste fluids through 1,000s of feet of rock are not the greatest threat Abandoned wells pose the greatest threat in deep-well disposal of waste fluids, and possibly hydraulic fracking Page 11
  • 12. How Great is the Threat from Abandoned Wells? Oil drilling began in earnest in the early 1900s, some 1900s, wells have been in existence for almost a century. Records of wells, especially older wells, are often incomplete or absent. absent. Well casing is estimated effective for 20 yrs, structural yrs, integrity of older abandoned wells may be compromised. How many? Estimates vary from less than 10,000 to over 110,000 (orphan and inactive) wells. wells. Page 12
  • 13. Is Waste Disposal by Deep-Well Injection Deep- a Problem? Disposal of degraded fluids after fracking (flowback) by flowback) 12,610 disposal wells in Texas RRC requires notification of all occurrences of breakout, but breakout, doesn’t maintain a single database RRC on retains records on breakout for only two years There are documented cases of breakout In absence of a centralized database, risk is unknown, but possible Page 13
  • 14. Recommendations There are several actions the State can take to mitigate the threat of contamination due to “breakout” from a disposal well. Limit or prohibit injection of liquid wastes into oil/gas (i.e., productive) formations, particularly formations with a history of formations, oil/gas development. That’s where the abandoned wells are. Increase the ¼-mile radial distance from proposed disposal well ¼- over which abandoned wells are searched. Develop a single database for all occurrences of “breakout”. Risk from breakout can only be assessed if number of occurrences and their severity are known. Page 14
  • 15. Contact Information Ronald T. Green, Ph.D., P.G. Institute Scientist Geosciences and Engineering Division Southwest Research Institute 6220 Culebra San Antonio, Texas 78238 1.210.522.5305 (office) 1.210.522.5184 (fax) 1.210.316.9242 (cell) rgreen@swri.edu Page 15
  • 17. SW Segment of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer Pre- Pre-Development Potentiometric Surface Groundwater elevation reconstructed with limited data and historical evidence of spring flow and flowing artesian wells. (modified from Deeds et al., 2003) Page 17
  • 18. 1929- Carrizo- 1929-30 Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer Potentiometric Surface Pumpage was estimated at 27,000 acre-ft/yr in 1929-30 Zone of depression is about 150 ft lower than pre-development groundwater elevation (modified from Deeds et al., 2003) Page 18
  • 19. 1999 Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer Carrizo- Potentiometric Surface Pumpage was estimated at 65,000-80,000 acre-ft/yr in 1999 Zones of depression are about 350 ft lower than pre-development groundwater elevation (modified from Deeds et al., 2003) Page 19