1. Using
TERN
infrastructure
to
answer
land
management
ques8ons
capturing
near
real
8me
GHG
exchange
using
flux
towers
Mila
Bristow
(CDU),
Lindsay
Hutley
(CDU),
Jason
Beringer
(Monash),
Stephen
Livesley
(U
Melb),
Stefan
Arndt
(U
Melb),
MaMhew
Northwood
(CDU)

2. Partner
Agencies

3. Background

4. Background
February
14,
2013
12:26PM

5. North
Australian
water
resources

6. Land
use
in
Australia
today

7. Landscapes
of
north
Australia
Tropical
savanna
woodland
and
open-­‐forests
dominate
the
north

8. Savanna

9. Landscapes
of
north
Australia
climate

10. North
Australian
landscapes
Savanna
burning
–
2011
fire
scars

11. North
Australian
Flux
Network
TERN
OzFlux
Facility
Fogg
Dam
Howard
Springs
Adelaide
River
Daly
River:
Uncleared
Rainfall
gradient
Dry
River
Sturt
Plains
SpaFal
paGerns
of
mass
and
UTS
managed
arid
energy
exchange
zone
tower

12. North
Australian
Flux
Network
TERN
OzFlux
Facility
Red
Dirt
Melons
Flux
Tower
ARC-­‐Linkage
project
Daly
River:
Uncleared
Rainfall
gradient
Red
Dirt
Melons
Farm

13. What
is
the
impact
of
LUC
on
ecosystem
GHG
exchange?

14. Tools
used:
Eddy
covariance
(flux
tower)
system
• Measures:
• energy
• ET
• CO2
fluxes
• calculate
NEE
• scale
up
to
annual
sink/source

15. Tools
used:
standing
biomass
• Need
to
know
stocks
as
well
as
fluxes
• How
much
biomass
in
the
savanna?

16. Also
non-­‐CO2
fluxes,
soil
C
&
N
stocks
and
process?
• Temporal
and
spa8al
sampling
of
fluxes
CO2
and
non-­‐CO2
and
drivers
• Replicated
cleared
and
uncleared
plots
• NO3,
NH4
pool
size
and
net
nitrifica8on
• Soil
physico-­‐chemical
characteris8cs

17. How
is
forest
converted
to
farm
land?

19. Before
ANer
Source
NEE
Sink
Day
of
year

20. Clearing
site
–
flux
data
60
50
40
NEE
(gCO2
m-­‐2
d-­‐1)
30
20
10
Source
0
-­‐10
Sink
-­‐20
Aug
11
Dec
11
Mar
12
Jun
12
Sep
12

21. Clearing
site:
source/sink
dynamics
60
25
50
Wet
season
20
40
NEE
(gCO2
m-­‐2
d-­‐1)
Rainfall
(mm)
30
15
20
10
10
Source
0
5
-­‐10
Sink
-­‐20
0
Aug
11
Dec
11
Mar
12
Jun
12
Sep
12

22. Clearing
site:
source/sink
dynamics
60
25
Savanna
clearing
50
20
40
NEE
(gCO2
m-­‐2
d-­‐1)
Rainfall
(mm)
30
15
20
10
10
Source
0
5
-­‐10
Sink
-­‐20
0
Aug
11
Dec
11
Mar
12
Jun
12
Sep
12

23. Clearing
site:
source/sink
dynamics
60
25
Dry
season
50
20
40
NEE
(gCO2
m-­‐2
d-­‐1)
Rainfall
(mm)
30
15
20
10
10
Source
0
5
-­‐10
Sink
-­‐20
0
Aug
11
Dec
11
Mar
12
Jun
12
Sep
12

24. Clearing
site:
source/sink
dynamics
60
25
Fire
50
20
40
NEE
(gCO2
m-­‐2
d-­‐1)
Rainfall
(mm)
30
15
20
10
10
Source
0
5
-­‐10
Sink
-­‐20
0
Aug
11
Dec
11
Mar
12
Jun
12
Sep
12

25. Clearing
site:
source/sink
dynamics
60
25
50
20
40
NEE
(gCO2
m-­‐2
d-­‐1)
Rainfall
(mm)
30
15
20
10
10
Source
0
5
-­‐10
Sink
-­‐20
0
Aug
11
Dec
11
Mar
12
Jun
12
Sep
12

26. Uncleared
+
Clearing
site
savanna
clearing
>4
tC
ha-­‐1
NEE
(mg
CO2
m-­‐2
s-­‐1)
Cleared
site
Source
Sink
Uncleared
site
Fire
Week
of
the
year

27. GHG
emissions
from
burning
debris
• Fuel
curing
over
dry
• Assump8ons
season
2012
• all
AGB
consumed
• Burning
late
dry
season
• 90%
of
BGB
consumed
to
maximise
• Fine
roots
ignored,
no
consump8on
for
site
soil
C
loss,
no
CWD
prepara8on
to
melons
included,
no
decay
of
coarse
roots
• Emissions
es8mated
for
fire
event
using
NCAS
default
emissions
factors

28. Post-­‐clearing
fire
GHG
emissions
t
CO2-­‐e
92.3
3.8
1.2
Post
clearing
debris
CO2
CH4
N2O

29. The
site
today
Final
stage:
agricultural
land

30. CO2
from
clearing:
comparing
cleared
and
uncleared
tower
sites
• Equivalent
to
31.4
t
C
ha-­‐1
(or
115.4
t
CO2-­‐e
ha-­‐1)
• equivalent
to
12
years
of
carbon
sequestra8on

31. Soil
CH4
and
N2O
fluxes
Methane
Flux
14
Cleared
savanna
12
Savanna
woodland
10
ug
CH4-­‐C
m-­‐2
h-­‐1
8
6
4
2
0
-­‐2
-­‐4
-­‐6
Oct
11
Dec
11
Feb
12
Mar
12
May
12
Jul
12

32. Soil
CH4
and
N2O
fluxes
Methane
Flux
+
rainfall
14
Cleared
savanna
25
12
Savanna
woodland
10
rainfall
20
ug
CH4-­‐C
m-­‐2
h-­‐1
8
6
15
4
2
10
0
-­‐2
5
-­‐4
-­‐6
0
Oct
11
Dec
11
Feb
12
Mar
12
May
12
Jul
12

33. Soil
CH4
and
N2O
fluxes
Nitrous
Oxide
Flux
25
Cleared
savanna
N2O
flux
(ug
N2O-­‐N
m-­‐2
h-­‐1)
20
Savanna
woodland
15
10
5
0
-­‐5
Oct
11
Dec
11
Feb
12
Mar
12
May
12
Jul
12

34. Soil
CH4
and
N2O
fluxes
Nitrous
Oxide
Flux
+
rainfall
Cleared
savanna
25
25
N2O
flux
(ug
N2O-­‐N
m-­‐2
h-­‐1)
Savanna
woodland
rainfall
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
0
5
-­‐5
0
Oct
11
Dec
11
Feb
12
Mar
12
May
12
Jul
12

35. Savanna
ecosystems
are
a
major
exchange
of
global
GHG
Flux
towers
cri8cal
tool
to
understand
ecosystem
change....

36. to
this....

37. to
this...

38. Thanks…
ques8ons???
We
would
like
to
thank
our
research
partners
Red
Dirt
Melon
Farm,
this
is
an
ARC-­‐Linkage
funded
project
Mila
Bristow
(CDU),
Lindsay
Hutley
(CDU),
Jason
Beringer
(Monash),
Stephen
Livesley
(U
Melb),
Stefan
Arndt
(U
Melb),
MaMhew
Northwood
(CDU)