The document discusses concepts of prevention and control in public health. It defines four levels of prevention - primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs through health promotion and specific protection measures. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment to prevent disease progression. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce impairments and disabilities through rehabilitation programs when disease is at an advanced stage. Successful prevention depends on understanding disease causation and risk factors to implement appropriate prevention and control strategies.

1. Concepts of Prevention and Control Dr. Rasha Salama PhD. Community Medicine Suez Canal University Egypt

8. Levels of prevention Primordial prevention Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention

14. Primary prevention Specific protection Health promotion Achieved by Health education Environmental modifications Nutritional interventions Life style and behavioral changes Immunization and seroprophylaxis chemoprophylaxis Use of specific nutrients or supplementations Protection against occupational hazards Safety of drugs and foods Control of environmental hazards, e.g. air pollution

23. Disability limitation disease impairment disability handicap

28. Rehabilitation Medical rehabilitation Vocational rehabilitation Social rehabilitation Psychological rehabilitation

29. Strategy for Prevention Assess Exposure Identify Populations at High Disease Risk (based on demography / family history, host factors..) Conduct Research on Mechanisms (including the study of genetic susceptibility) Apply Population-Based Intervention Programs Evaluate Intervention Programs Modify Existing Intervention Programs I n t e r v e n t i o n A s s e s s m e n t Epidemiology Division

38. Control of infectious diseases (the 4 “C”s standard strict protective Control Cases Contacts Carriers Community Diagnosis notification isolation disinfection treatment follow up release observation detection Epidemiological Investigation & containment

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