The document provides definitions and descriptions of various construction materials and components. It describes what front end loaders, gypsum board, heat pumps, insulation types, lintels, mortar joints, oriented strand board, plumbing fixtures, plywood, radiant barriers, rebar, roof drainage components, roof materials, roof shapes, roof terms, stone types, vapor retarders, waterproofing, weep holes, welded wire fabric, and window types are and how they are used in construction.

1. Front End Loader Front end loader is used in the early stages like a backhoe, but is not meant for digging. It is used to move dirt and gravel or anything necessary. It doesn’t just push dirt like a bulldozer, it also picks it up

2. Gypsum Board Gypsum board is gypsum in between two sheets of paper. A material used for walls and ceilings. Also known as sheet rock or drywall.

3. Heat Pump Compressor/Evaporator Air Handling Unit

4. Insulation Insulation is a material used that has a low conductivity to help keep heat and cold air through the structure or assembly.

5. Insulation Batt/Blanket insulation

6. Insulation Loose Filled

7. Insulation Foam

8. Insulation Rigid

9. Lintel A lintel is a beam that carries a load of an opening.

10. Mortar Concave mortar joints are troweled ½ “

11. Mortar Flush mortar joints are troweled 3/8”

12. Oriented Strand Board A type of sheathing similar to plywood. It is not veneered, and it is strands of wood that is bonded together by pressure in specific directions. Its typical dimensions are 4’ by 8’.

13. Plumbing Drop-in Sink

14. Plumbing Manufactured Shower and tub

15. Plumbing This plumbing vent is letting the gas from plumbing pipes escape through the roof instead of coming back into the house.

16. Plumbing A lavatory is a sink. This one uses a 1.5” piping to drain it.

17. Plumbing Water Closet Uses a typical 3” pipe to drain

18. Plywood Plywood is a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure. Veneer is a thin layer or sheet.

19. Radiant Barrier

20. Rebar The deformations help it to grip the concrete and make it stonger #5 rebar. Measured 5/8”

21. Steep Roof Drainage Gutter-channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof Downspout- vertical piping used to drain water from roof to lower level or ground.

22. Steep Roof Drainage Splashblock-small piece of concrete or plastic used to divert water at bottom of the downspout

23. Steep Roof Materials Underlayment- Underlayment helps keep moisture and any penetration out of the sheathing.

24. Steep Roof Materials Clay tile roof

25. Steep Roof Materials Asphalt shingle roof Shingle-small unit of water resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion to render a wall or sloping roof water tight.

26. Steep Roof Materials Metal Panel roof Aluminum steel

27. Steep Roof Shapes Gable

28. Steep Roof Shapes Gambrel

29. Steep Roof Shapes Hip Hipped roof

30. Steep Roof Shapes Mansard

31. Steep Roof Terms Ridge-level intersection of two roof planes in a gable vent. Fascia-exposed vertical face of an eave. Eave-horizontal edge at the low side of a roof.

32. Steep Roof Terms Valley-trough formed by the intersection of two parts of a roof Rake-sloping edge of a steep roof

33. Steep Roof Terms Soffit-undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially a roof overhang.

34. Steep Roof Terms Building without a fascia has no board or face to the eave.

35. Stone Random Rubble Coursed Rubble

36. Stone Coursed Ashlar Random Ashlar

37. Vapor Retarder Vapor retarder protects from moisture. It is usually put on the warm winter side of the insulation.

38. Waterproofing Definition-An impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation. Liquid applied waterproofing

39. Weep Hole Weep hole allows water to drain from where it has seeped through the mortar.

40. Welded Wire Fabric

41. Windows Casement-This is an casement window because it is hinged at the side and it swings outward. Awning-This is an awning window because it is hinged at the top of the window.

42. Windows

43. Windows This is double hung because it has two overlapping sashes that slide vertically in tracks.