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S12j prague on civil society innovation
1. PLURALISING PROGRESS?
Civil Society and the Direction of Innovation
Keynote presentation to conference on
Science and the Public in Decision-Making Processes,
Prague, 25th October 2012
Andy Stirling
SPRU & STEPS Centre
2. Mainstream Innovation Policy
“you can’t stop progress” …
- The Economist
PROGRESS
“we'll restore science to its rightful place”…
` - President Obama
“Our hope … relies on scientific and
technological progress” - Premier Wen Jiabao
“One can not impede scientific progress.”
- President Ahmadinejad
TECHNOLOGY
all innovation is progress…
Lisbon Strategy for: “pro-innovation action”
- EU Council of Ministers
“we need more pro-innovation policies”
- PM Gordon Brown
“… the Government’s strategy is …
SCIENCE
pro-innovation” - PM David Cameron
3. The One-Track, Hard-Wired Innovation Race
PROGRESS
TECHNOLOGY
Lord Alec Broers, President, RAEng The challenge of government:
…“history is a race to “to strive to stay
advance technology” in the race”…
Technology: The role of the public:
“will determine the future “to give technology
of the human race’” the status it deserves”…
4. Conventional Innovation Policy
PROGRESS
TECHNOLOGY
Treats innovation as homogeneous: no distinctions … no
alternatives… no politics … no choice
!
5. Conventional Innovation Policy
PROGRESS
TECHNOLOGY
Treats innovation as homogeneous: no distinctions … no alternatives …
no politics … no choice !
Scope for debate restricted to: yes or no? … how much?
how fast? … who leads?
6. Conventional Innovation Policy
PROGRESS
TECHNOLOGY
Treats innovation as homogeneous: no distinctions … no alternatives …
no politics … no choice !
Scope for debate restricted to: yes or no? … how much?
how fast?’ … who leads?
Seriously neglects questions over: which way? …what alternatives?
says who? …why?
7. The Sustainability Transition?
PRESUMED
SINGULAR
TRANSITION
SUSTAINABILITY
SCIENCE
Treats innovation as homogeneous: no distinctions … no alternatives …
no politics … no choice !
Scope for debate restricted to: yes or no? … how much?
how fast?’ … who leads?
Seriously neglects questions over: which way? …what alternatives?
says who? …why?
8. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Constituted by institutions, practices, discourses, imaginations…
For instance... “sustainable energy”
knowledges of many kinds … as well as science and technology
BUT: not all that is conceivable, feasible, viable – will be fully realisable
9. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Intended and unintended processes and power ‘close down’ pathways
social shaping (Bijker, 85) co-construction (Misa, 03)
studies: expectations (Brown, 03) imaginations (Jasanoff, 05)
10. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Intended and unintended processes and power ‘close down’ pathways
history: contingency (Mokyr, 92) momentum (Hughes 83)
path-dependence (David, 85) path creation
(Karnoe, 01)
11. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Intended and unintended processes and power ‘close down’ pathways
philosophy: autonomy (Winner, 77) closure (Feenberg, 91)
/politics entrapment (Walker, 01) alignment (Geels, 02)
12. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Intended and unintended processes and power ‘close down’ pathways
economics: homeostasis (Sahal, 85) lock-in (Arthur, 89)
regimes (Nelson & Winter, 77) trajectories (Dosi,
82)
13. Civil Society Sustains Excluded Pathways
Relative freedom from market and state structures retains diversity
values, visions, knowledges, interests, practices, lifestyles, behaviours…
14. Policy Knowledge as ‘Sound Science’
on public health:
“… sound science…science-based decisions”
- UN WHO DG Margaret Chan
on genetic modification:
“… this government's approach is to make
decisions … on the basis of sound science”
- former UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair
on chemicals:
“ …sound science will be the basis of the
Commission's legislative proposal…”
- EC RTD Commissioner, Philippe Busquin
on energy:
“[n]ow is the right time for a cool-headed,
evidence based assessment … I want to
sweep away historic prejudice and put in its
place evidence and science”
former UK Energy Minister Malcolm Wicks
Justification: from political ‘problems’ to technical ‘puzzles’
15. Hidden Ambiguities in ‘Sound Science’
Energy technologies: mature, sophisticated comparative analysis…
16. Hidden Ambiguities in ‘Sound Science’
Energy technologies: mature, sophisticated comparative analysis…
coal
oil
gas
nuclear
hydro
wind
solar
biomass
0.001 0.1 10 1000
low RISK high externality’: cUS/kWh (after Sundqvist et al, 2005)
17. Hidden Ambiguities in ‘Sound Science’
Energy technologies: mature, sophisticated comparative analysis…
n=
coal
oil
gas
minimum 25% 75% maximum
nuclear 21
hydro
wind
solar
biomass
0.001 0.1 10 1000
low RISK high ‘externality’: cUS/kWh (after Sundqvist et al, 2005)
18. Hidden Ambiguities in ‘Sound Science’
Energy technologies: mature, sophisticated comparative analysis…
n=
coal 36
oil 20
gas 31
nuclear 21
hydro 16
wind 18
solar 11
biomass 22
19. Closing Down Policy Knowledge
contrasting aspects of ‘incertitude’
unproblematic RISK
engineered components
closed deterministic
systems high frequency
knowledge incidents familiar contexts
about
INCERTITUDE
likelihoods
open dynamic systems
low frequency events
human factors
changing contexts
problematic UNCERTAINTY
- Socrates, Lao Tzu, Knight, Keynes, Shackle, Collingridge, Smithson, Ravetz, Wynne ...
20. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
contrasting aspects of ‘incertitude’
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
engineered components defining pros & cons
closed deterministic contrasting impacts
systems high frequency diverse perspectives
knowledge incidents familiar contexts alternative options
about
INCERTITUDE
likelihoods
open dynamic systems novel agents or vectors
low frequency events surprising conditions
human factors new alternatives
changing contexts wilful blinkers
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
- Socrates, Lao Tzu, Knight, Keynes, Shackle, Collingridge, Smithson, Ravetz, Wynne ...
21. Pressures for Closure
institutional pressures ‘close down’ around risk assessment
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregative analysis
patronage, pressure
political closure
knowledge
about
insurance limits ` evidence-based
reductive models policy
likelihoods stochastic reasoning institutional
remits
political
liability protection culture
harm definitions
indicators / metrics
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
risk focus is shaped by power – Beck’s “organised irresponsibility”
22. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregated probabilities
optimisation algorithms
synthetic decision trees
Delphi / Foresight
knowledge predictive modelling
about
likelihoods
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
23. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregated probabilities
optimisation algorithms
synthetic decision trees
Delphi / Foresight
knowledge predictive modelling
about
likelihoods
burden of evidence
onus of persuasion
uncertainty factors
decision heuristics
interval analysis
sensitivity testing
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
challenges to expert quantitative assessment
24. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregated probabilities scenarios / backcasting
optimisation algorithms interactive modelling
synthetic decision trees mapping / Q-methods
Delphi / Foresight participatory deliberation
knowledge predictive modelling democratic procedures
about
likelihoods
burden of evidence
onus of persuasion
uncertainty factors
decision heuristics
interval analysis
sensitivity testing
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
challenges to incumbent mainstream framings
25. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregated probabilities scenarios / backcasting
optimisation algorithms interactive modelling
synthetic decision trees mapping / Q-methods
Delphi / Foresight participatory deliberation
knowledge predictive modelling democratic procedures
about
likelihoods
burden of evidence responsive civic research
onus of persuasion curiosity monitoring,
uncertainty factors evidentiary presumptions
decision heuristics flexibility, reversibility
interval analysis diversity, resilience,
sensitivity testing agility, adaptability
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
challenges to wilful and instrumental blinkers
26. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
definitive participatory
prescription deliberation
knowledge
Options
about
likelihoods safety
Options
precautionary adaptive
sustainability
appraisal learning
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
‘opening up’: options, issues, approaches, possibilities, perspectives
27. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
definitive participatory
prescription deliberation
knowledge active civil
about society helps
likelihoods force humility
and reflexivity
precautionary adaptive
appraisal learning
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
‘opening up’: options, issues, approaches, possibilities, perspectives
28. Innovation studies neglects civil society…
Blind spot in social and political science of innovation (Smith, 05)
- political science: ‘systems of production’, but not innovation (Hollingsworth 97)
- social movements research: ideas, institutions, interests – not technology (Smith, 05)
- social studies of technology: only general ‘pressure’ (Poel, 00; Jamison, 99)
- multi-level model acknowledges role … (Schot, 03; Geels, 08)
…but pays insufficient attention to role of politics and power (Smith et al, 05)
Restricted focus in innovation systems research
- explicitly excluded in ‘triple helix’ (government, industry, academia) (Etzkowitz 05)
- sidelined as general factor in healthy economy (Fukuyama 00)
- relevant only at lower levels of regional systems of innovation (Cook 98)
- implicated indirectly thro’ small business ‘partnerships’ in development (Hall 01)
- on ‘democracy’: focus is on education system, not civil society (Lundvall 09)
29. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
For instance,a las seen under
S o c io -te c h n ic ’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
the ‘Multi-level Perspective’: d e v e l o p m e n t s
L an d scap e
environmental drivers /
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
political pressuresdrivers /
environmental
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s
political pressures
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s
re g im e in flu e n c e s
la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
saturation / incumbent inertia
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
windows of opportunity /
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
breakthrough / reconfiguration
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
experimentation / learning
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
after Geels, 2002
30. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
environmental drivers /
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
political pressuresdrivers /
environmental
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s
political pressures
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s
re g im e in flu e n c e s
la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
saturation / incumbent inertia
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
windows of opportunity /
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
breakthrough / reconfiguration
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
experimentation / learning
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
after Geels, 2002
31. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
environmental drivers /
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
political pressuresdrivers /
environmental
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s
political pressures
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s
re g im e in flu e n c e s
la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
saturation / incumbent inertia
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
windows of opportunity /
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
breakthrough / reconfiguration
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
experimentation / learning
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
after Geels, 2002
32. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
environmental drivers /
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
political pressuresdrivers /
environmental
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s
political pressures
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s
re g im e in flu e n c e s
la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
saturation / incumbent inertia
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
windows of opportunity /
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
reconfigured
A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
breakthrough / reconfiguration
socio-technical regime
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
experimentation / learning
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
after Geels, 2002
33. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
la n d s c a p e
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts eg:
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s nuclear power
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
chlorine chemicals
- counter-expertise
deepsea oil
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
T e c h n o lo g ic a l
n ic h e s
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
34. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
la n d s c a p e
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
- counter-expertise
eg: organic food
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum renewable energy
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL low energy housing
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES - activist visions - DIY inventors
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
- grassroots innovation - early adopters
T im e
35. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
- movement building -L penvironmentaln gtdrivers /
politicale ovclimater e g i m e ,
an d scap e d e lo p m e s - institutional structure
u t p re s s u re n e x is tin
- awareness raising - politicalnchange
culturee spressures
w h ic h o p up, - trade patterns- t e c h n i c a l
N e w s o c io
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r eg: genetic modification
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try air pollution
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
nuclear weapons
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
- counter-expertise
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES - activist visions - DIY inventors
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
- grassroots innovation - early adopters
T im e
36. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
- movement building -L penvironmentaln gtdrivers /
politicale ovclimater e g i m e ,
an d scap e d e lo p m e s - institutional structure
u t p re s s u re n e x is tin
- awareness raising - politicalnchange
culturee spressures
w h ic h o p up, - trade patterns- t e c h n i c a l
N e w s o c io
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
- community mobilisation
- counter-expertise
- green consumption
- nlcommunityo aml l yi n la i nn tk de de s ti og gn e. t h e r ,
E e m e n ts a re g ra d u
a d s t a b i l i s e i n a d mobilisation
-n greeno consumption source software
I t e r n a l meg:e n t u m i n c ropen
m eases.
TECHNOLOGICAL waste recycling
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
community growing
NICHES - activist visions - DIY inventors
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
- grassroots innovation - early adopters
T im e
37. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
- movement building -L penvironmentaln gtdrivers /
politicale ovclimater e g i m e ,
an d scap e d e lo p m e s - institutional structure
u t p re s s u re n e x is tin
- awareness raising - politicalnchange
culturee spressures
w h ic h o p up, - trade patterns- t e c h n i c a l
N e w s o c io
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
- policy shift - mass markets
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
- behaviour change - training demand
- counter-expertise
l l y eg: d t o g e t h e low energy lifestyles
-Ea ncommunityuo amobilisationr ,
le m e n ts a r e g r a d lin k e
d s ta b ilis e in a d m in a n t d e s ig n .
-I ngreen o consumption
te rn a l m m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
IP-free distribution
TECHNOLOGICAL
green careers
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES - activist visions - DIY inventors
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
- grassroots innovation - early adopters
T im e
civil society is the main driver of radical transformation
39. ‘Opening Up’ Innovation Governance
diversity in technology
portfolios
POSSIBLE
diverse knowledge
PATHWAYS
pathways democracy
IIIIII
IIIIII
$
$
CIVIL SOCIETY
broad-based choice ‘opening up’
inputs discourse outputs
more acknowledge
Options
options, plurality and
issues, conditionality
uncertainties,
perspectives Sustainability
40. ‘Opening Up’ Innovation Governance
diversity in technology
portfolios
POSSIBLE
diverse knowledge
PATHWAYS
pathways democracy
IIIIII
IIIIII
help catalyse:
$
$
democratic accountability
context sensitivity
social robustness
broad-based choice ‘opening up’
inputs discourse outputs
more acknowledge
Options
options, plurality and
issues, conditionality
uncertainties,
perspectives Sustainability
41. A ‘3D’ AGENDA
Direction open up politics of knowledge & innovation
Distribution empower marginal and vulnerable people
Diversity enable pluralities of innovation pathways
www.anewmanifesto.org
Editor's Notes
Abstract Responsibility, Accountability and Enablement in Civil Society Engagements with the Direction of Innovation This paper will start by examining mainstream European policy debates around 'knowledge society', 'innovation union', 'public engagement' and 'responsible innovation'. It will argue that these should not be taken at face value. Though some opportunities are presented for progressive 'opening up' of the politics of science and technology, there are also countervailing forces. Indeed (in areas like health, energy, materials and 'security'), many such policy initiatives are better understood as means by which powerful incumbent interests secure instrumental legitimation of favoured directions for innovation. It will be shown how - despite interesting developments - conventional academic innovation studies systematically neglects the diverse impacts of civil society in 'innovation governance'. It will explore similar neglect of the crucial roles for democratic politics in studies of 'transitions to sustainability'. At root, lies the lack of any healthy critical political discourse about the general property of 'direction' in innovation (and social progress more widely). Altho 'linear models' are frequently disavowed, 'one track race' (indiscriminately 'science based', 'pro-innovation') rhetorics continue to thrive. Yet innovation - of all kinds - is actually known to be a complex, distributed, networked, relational process. So, the importance should be clear of institutions, discourses, practices (and methods of appraisal) that address the crucial property of 'direction'. Far from being in tension with underlying 'Enlightenment' notions of scientific and social progress, it will be argued that recognition of this point is, ironically, actually entirely consistent with this mainstream theme in high level European political culture. But the implications are potentially very radical. The paper will end by exploring some of these implications for 'opening up' notions of responsibility and accountability towards a more democratic European politics of science, technology and innovation. In this task of 'pluralising progress', the diverse, contending roles of civil society become recognised as central. In short, this agenda is about moving beyond mere 'enlightenment' concerning the simple possibility of social advance, towards the enablement of more plural directions for real social progress.
Johnson and Lundvall, 2000. Promoting innovation systems as a response to the globalising learning economy http://www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/ds2000-106.pdf Cooke P, Uranga M G, Etxebarria G, 1998, "Regional systems of innovation: an evolutionary perspective" Environment and Planning A 30(9) 1563 – 1584 Henry Etzkowitza, José Manoel Carvalho de Mellob, Mariza Almeidac, Towards “meta-innovation” in Brazil: The evolution of the incubator and the emergence of a triple helix, Research Policy Volume 34, Issue 4, May 2005, Pages 411-424 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V77-4FR8PHN-1&_user=128860&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1033972868&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000010638&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=128860&md5=9f4aa99c8023150dbde4bf839a35ec5c also: Loet Leydesdorff, Henry Etzkowitz , The Transformation Of University-industry-government Relations, Electronic Journal of Sociology (2001) http://sociology.org/content/vol005.004/th.html Henry Etzkowitza, José Manoel Carvalho de Mellob, Mariza Almeidac, Towards “meta-innovation” in Brazil: The evolution of the incubator and the emergence of a triple helix, Research Policy Volume 34, Issue 4, May 2005, Pages 411-424 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V77-4FR8PHN-1&_user=128860&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1033972868&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000010638&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=128860&md5=9f4aa99c8023150dbde4bf839a35ec5c also: Loet Leydesdorff, Henry Etzkowitz , The Transformation Of University-industry-government Relations, Electronic Journal of Sociology (2001) http://sociology.org/content/vol005.004/th.html J. Rogers Hollingsworth, Robert Boyer (eds) Contemporary capitalism: the embeddedness of institutions, Cambridge, 1997 Johan Schot, The contested rise of a modernist technology politics. In Technology and modernity, eds. Th.J. Misa, P. Brey and A. Rip, 257–78. Cambridge: MIT Press.2003 Grin, J. 2006. Reflexive modernisation as a governance issue, or: designing and shaping re-structuration. In Reflexive governance for sustainable development, eds. J.-P. Voss, D. Bauknecht and R. Kemp, 57–81. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.2006 Johan Schot∗ and FrankW. Geels, Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys: theory, findings, research agenda, and policy, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management Vol. 20, No. 5, September 2008, 537–554 Lundvall and Lorenz, Innovation and Democracy in the Learning Economy: the new deal as response to the crisis, memorandum for No.10 policy seminar, October 2009
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems
Pressure on regime: destabilise it; force incumbents to invest in alternative solutions to the newly pressurised problems