In this webinar, we discuss the basics of moderating effects and mediating effects. We explain the differences between moderation and mediation, when moderation and mediation are appropriate to conduct, and the statistical analyses used to test moderation and mediation.

1. Moderation and
Mediation

2. Additional
Support
Statistics Solutions is a full-service dissertation consulting company
providing graduate students timely, editorial support for their
dissertations and scholarly projects
For information about our services, receive a complementary 30-min
consultation available Mon-Fri 9-5 ET:
https://app.hubspot.com/meetings/jeanine/dissertation-consultation
info@StatisticsSolutions.com
Phone: 877-437-8622

3. Overview
What is moderation?
What is mediation?
Choosing between moderation and mediation
Statistical techniques for moderation
Statistical techniques for mediation
Questions
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290

4. What is
Moderation?
A moderator is a variable that changes the strength and/or
direction of the relationship between the independent (IV) and
dependent (DV) variables
Moderators can be categorical or continuous
• Gender:There may be a relationship between the IV and DV for women, but not
for men
• Age:The relationship between the IV and DV may change as people get older
Moderation tells us under what conditions the IV and DV will be
related
• When is there a relationship?
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290

5. What is
Moderation?
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290

6. What is
Mediation?
A mediator is an intervening variable that
accounts for the relationship between the IV and
DV
• The IV affects the mediator, and the mediator in turn affects
the DV
• A mediator can fully or partially account for the relationship
between the IV and DV
Mediation tells us about the process through
which the IV and DV are related
• Why is there a relationship?
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290

7. What is
Mediation?
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290

8. What is
Mediation?
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290
Leadership
Style
Effectiveness
Satisfaction

9. Moderation vs.
Mediation
Use moderation when there are “mixed” findings
about the relationship between the IV and DV
Use mediation when the relationship between the IV
and DV is already known
• Choice of mediators requires careful theoretical and practical
considerations
Complex models can examine both simultaneously
• Sardeshmukh, S. R., &Vandenberg, R. J. (2017). Integrating
moderation and mediation: A structural equation modeling
approach. Organizational Research Methods, 20(4), 721-745.
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290

10. Statistical
Techniques for
Moderation
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
• Works if the independent variable AND
moderator are categorical
• Main effects and interaction effects can be
computed
Moderated regression analysis
• Works for categorical and continuous variables
• Interaction term (IV x Moderator) is added to
the regression model
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290

11. Statistical
Techniques for
Mediation
Baron and Kenny method
• Series of regressions are conducted
to establish if mediation is occurring
Calculation of indirect effects
• PROCESS macro
• Path analysis/structural equation
modeling
Need help with your dissertation? Call 727-442-4290

12. Additional
Support
Statistics Solutions is a full-service dissertation consulting company
providing graduate students timely, editorial support for their
dissertations and scholarly projects
For information about our services, receive a complementary 30-min
consultation available Mon-Fri 9-5 ET:
https://app.hubspot.com/meetings/jeanine/dissertation-consultation
info@StatisticsSolutions.com
Phone: 877-437-8622