The document provides an introduction to air to water heat pump systems. It discusses how air to water heat pumps work, different system types and layouts, industry standards, case studies, and benefits of air to water heat pumps. It also covers topics like controls, installation requirements, efficiencies, and examples of outdoor/indoor unit installations.
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An Introduction to Air to water, Air Source, Heat Pump Systems
1. An Introduction into air to water, air source, heat pump systems !
• Why air to water heat pumps are right for the UK climate!
• How air to water heat pumps work !
• Industry standards!
• System types and layouts!
• Case Studies - how air to water heat pumps have been applied!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
2. Introduction!
• Presenter !
Mark Houghton - Director, Space Air !
Space Air Solutions Ltd!
wholly owned subsidiary of Space Airconditioning plc, est since 1980. !
The longest established of only 2 official Daikin sales channels in the UK!
65,000 sq ft of premises in Guildford including:!
! ! ! Training rooms, Conference rooms, Offices, Production and Warehousing facilities!
Our Philosophy:!
!Sell the best and widest range of available products !
!Offer the best engineering solutions!
!Provide a complete service from design assistance, seminars, training and a
complete range of complementary accessories. !
We are active members of:!
!RIBA (CPD), CIBSE (CPD), HPA, HEVAC, FETA, REFCOM and Charter Member of
Duke of Edinburgh s Award !
!
!
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!
4. Renewable Technology? - YES!
• How a heat pump works!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
5. What is a Heat Pump (HP) - Heat Generator!
Heat Pump is a system that uses Refrigerant as a media to !
!transfer heat (energy) from one side to the other (air to air, air
!to water, water to water).!
This cycle exist in 98% of any refrigeration or air conditioning system
(domestic refrigerator & freezer, office or car AC).
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6. Types of Air Source Heat Pump Systems!
The whole range can supply heating & hot water or heating only / hot water only!
Low Temperature ! Low Temperature ! High Temperature ! High Temperature !
50°C! 50°C! 80°C! 80°C!
– Split type ! – Mono type! – Split type ! – Central type!
Cylinder is required for hot water!
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7. Split Type Air to Water Heat Pump System - Layout Heating Only!
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8. Split Type Low Temperature Air to Water Heat Pump System -
Layout Heating and Hot water!
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9. Mono Type Air to Water Heat Pump System - Layout
Heating Only!
Requires Glycol !
[25% concentration] ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!
(reduces energy efficiency by 4%)!
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10. Mono Type Low Temperature Air to Water Heat Pump System -
Layout Heating and Hot Water!
Requires Glycol !
[25% concentration] ! ! ! ! ! ! !!
(reduces energy efficiency by 4%)!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
11. Split Type High Temperature Air to Water Heat Pump System -
Layout Heating and Hot water!
High Temperature !
- up to 80°C !
!
- Suitable for !
- Schools!
- Hospitals!
- Restaurants!
- Public Showers!
- Gyms!
!
Where ever HIGH level !
of sanitation is required!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
12. Central Type High Temperature Air to Water Heat Pump System -
Layout Heating and Hot water
!
High Temperature !
- up to 80°C – One central unit can connect up to 10 indoor units!
!
Suitable for !
- Apartment buildings!
- Large homes!
- Care homes!
- Commercial offices!
- Leisure/spa centres!
Heating only / hot water only or heating & hot water!
cooling & heat recovery !
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
13. Overview of System Benefits!
• Air to water heat pump benefits!
– Environmentally friendly!
– Heating & sanitary hot water!
– Lower energy bills!
– Easy to install!
– Minimal disruption!
– Low maintenance!
– No additional infrastructure required!
– Increased comfort (constant temp)!
– Flexible configuration!
– Suitable for many applications!
• Residential homes, apartments, schools, community halls, care homes, etc..!
– Clear outside walls (no vents or flues)!
– No carbon monoxide !
– No scalding!
– Can be connected to solar water heating - easily!
– Quiet in operation!
– Constant comfort (no cold spells from on/off heating)!
– Small foot-print, ideal for space limitations!
– Modular design !
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14. Residential Energy Consumption!
UK - 84% Heating & Hot Water ! EU - 82% Heating & Hot Water !
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16. Domestic Heating Compliance Guide - Part L.
(ADL1A & ADL1B 2006 Section 8 : Heat Pumps (Section 9 in 2010)!
Table 29 Minimum provisions for warm (and hot) water heat pumps (ground to
water, water to water and air to water systems)!
Minimum provision! Supplementary Information!
a. Supply water Under floor heating! See section 7 of this guide on under floor
temperatures and/or Supply water temperatures to the heating!
efficiency! under floor heating system should be
in the range!
30°C to 40°C
Radiators! Space Heating may be sized to meet all
High-efficiency radiators with high or part of the space heating load.
water volume should be utilised! Secondary heating will be required if the
Supply water temperature to the heat pump is sized to meet part of the
radiators should be in the range! space heating load!
40°C to 55°C
Fan coil units! Fan coil units may be utilised for heating
Supply water temperature to the fan only or for winter heating and summer
coil units should be in the range! cooling!
35°C to 45°C
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17. Standard Heating & Hot Water System (fossil-fuel)!
Conventional Heating & hot
water system by Heating
Engineer
Hot water cylinder
by Heating Engineer Radiator
Convector or
or existing Fan Coil Unit
Conventional Gas or
Oil boiler with flues Oil
tank and ventilation
Sanitary Hot
& Cold Water
Under Floor
Heating
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18. Split Type Air to Water Heat Pump System
- Heating and Hot Water Layout!
• No flue!
• No Ventilation!
• No Toxic Condensation !
Interconnecting
pipe work by
specialist engineer
Can be away from the building!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
19. What is Inverter? Or Inverter Control?!
Inverter : Converting direct current into alternating current by changing !the
frequency of the electrical supply to a motor hence changing the speed
accordingly.!
!
Inverter Control : Changing the speed of the compressor motor to match the
capacity of the system via electronic sensing of temperatures and pressures. !
!
Advantages!
– Reduced stop & start!
– Reduced starting current (less then running current)!
– Stable temperature control!
– Accurate and fast response to demand (already running)!
– Reduced defrosting cycle frequency!
– Reduced power supply installation cost!
– Improved efficiencies at low ambient temperatures!
– Increased life expectancy (stable operation)!
– Reduced maintenance and service costs ! ! !!
– Energy savings up to 50% on non inverter systems!
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20. Inverter vs Non Inverter!
Advantage of Inverter controlled air source heat pump over non Inverter !
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21. Heat Transfer Efficiencies Terminology!
!
COP : Coefficient of Performance (% or ratio)!
= Total useful Energy Transferred / Total Energy Consumed* !
at Set Conditions!
*Total Energy Consumed = Compressor + Fans + Pumps + Aux Htrs + Controls!
Applicable Standards BS EN 14511!
!
!
SPF : Seasonal Performance Factor (or Seasonal efficiencies)!
= Total useful Energy Transferred / Total Energy Consumed* !
Over a Season (Yearly, Monthly or Quarterly)!
*Total Energy Consumed = Compressor + Fans + Pumps + Aux Htrs + Controls!
Applicable Standards BS EN 15450 (Design), BSEN 15316 (Calculations)!
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22. Domestic Heating & Sanitary Hot Water Temperatures!
Heating : 35-55°C!
Radiators : radiators are over dimensioned and are designed to operate on a temp difference !
of 50°C (water-room)!
To select a radiator calculate capacity required, use a multiplier (manufacturers catalogue)!
Under floor Heating : Under floor heating should be designed based on 35°C water!
temperature (max. 40°C) for comfort and safety.!
The Lower the Water Temperature the more efficient ANY Boiler.!
!
Sanitary Hot Water : 43-55°C WRAS!
(see Water Regulation Guides (WRAS) schedule 2 section 8 page 8.9)!
Distribution Water Temp : Less than 50°C (R18.2)!
Water Temp Outlet : Should not exceed 43°C at outlet (G18.5) for schools, public building!
and other facilities used by the public!
Consideration and allowance should be made to periodically raise the water temperature to!
above 60°C to prevent microbial growth (legionella).!
!!
Some systems will automatically raise the temperature above 60°C weekly. !
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
23. Factors That Effect Efficiencies of Heating/Hot water System !
There are 5 major factors that effect the!
efficiencies of a heating/hot water system!
– The heat generator (Boiler)!
– The heat emitter (Radiator, Under floor, Fan Coil, Convector)!
– The Controls !
– The Flow rate balance!
– The Installation!
!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
24. Heat Pumps Should Conform to the Following!
• Part L !
– Heating guidance - heat pump systems section.!
• BSEN14511 !
– Heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating , the only
acknowledged testing standard for heat pumps. !
• BSEN15450!
– Heating systems in buildings. Design of heat pump heating systems.!
• BSEN15316!
– Heating systems in buildings. Method for calculation of system energy
requirements & system efficiencies.!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
25. Heat Pumps Should Conform to the Following!
Additional accreditations:!
• Eco-label!
• Microgeneration Certification Scheme!
• ISO 9001 (quality)!
• ISO 14001 (environmental)!
• CE!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
26. Heat Pump Installation Requirements!
• WRAS (Water Regulation Guide)!
– 2nd edition issue: 2000 & BSEN 806 Specification for installations conveying water for human
consumption Issue 2006.!
• Part G (Hot Water Storage)!
– Building Regulations. Issue 2000 & 2009!
• BSEN14336!
– Installation & commissioning of water based heating systems . Issue 2004!
• HVCA publications!
– Installation & testing of pipe work systems (TR/20) Issue 2003. Guide to good practice-heat
pumps (TR/30) Issue 2007 & Domestic central heating installation specification . (DCHI/1)
Issue: 2004!
• Part P (Electrical Safety)!
– Building Regulations, Issue 2006, & IEE wiring regulations Requirements for Electrical
Installation .!
• BSEN378 !
– Specification for refrigerating systems & heat pumps . Issue 2008.!
• CITB/C&G !
– Certified, engineers to carry out the installation of refrigerant pipe work & refrigerant handling in
accordance with F-Gas Regulation !
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
27. F-Gas Regulation!
• Mono type systems may not require a specialist for handling of
refrigerant for installation, !
!but it must be !
– maintained, !
– serviced and !
– repaired !
!by a certified engineer in accordance with the F-Gas regulations.!
!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
28. Controls!
• Precise temperature control!
– For further energy savings!
– To suit individual life style needs!
– Sophisticated remote controller! – Room thermostat!
– 7 day time clock (for heating and hot water)! – Easy heating control!
– Floating temperature setting! !
– Legionella protection!
– + other settings!
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29. Good Practice - Installation!
• Accessories for an accurate,
To domestic
complete & fast installation! Hot Water Power
services ! supply from
– Accurate installation ! house
distribution !
• pro-long the equipment life
expectancy!
• reduce the equipment
running and maintenance
costs!
• comply to the manufacturers Drain !
warranty! To towel rail !
• simplify end user trouble-
shooting!
Flow / Return Heating System!
Mains cold
water !
Outdoor protection cover!
from vandalism / general
knocking !
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
30. Good Practice - Installation Components!
Pre-fabricated accessories aid accurate & precise installation!
Flow
Meter
By-Pass
Valve
Towel
Rail
Three
Way
Valve
Filling
Loop
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31. Good Practice - Installation Components!
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32. Dirty water = Inefficient Systems!
• Accessories are essential to the operation of an
!air to water heat pump system.!
!
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33. Outdoor / Indoor Unit Installation Examples!
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34. Specialist Air to Water Heat Pump Systems!
• Complete Bivalent Systems!
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35. Specialist Air to Water Heat Pump Systems!
• Swimming Pool HX!
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36. Project - Social Housing!
• 10 x New Build - 2/3 bedroom homes!
• Heating & hot water options: Oil, LPG, direct electric or heat pump
• System installed: Daikin Altherma 5kW split heat pump, (indoor + outdoor) & 150ltr. storage cylinder!
• Reason for selecting Daikin Altherma:!
– no mains gas available!
– other options considered environmentally undesirable by WRHA and the local planning authorities, !
– The WRHA were satisfied that Daikin Altherma met their !
• sustainable housing objectives, !
• reduced construction costs associated with conventional fossil fuel systems, !
• and offered considerably lower user operating costs and !
• lower carbon footprint than the available alternatives.
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37. Project - Private Developer!
• 8 x 1 bed / 2 bed apartments!
• Heating & hot water options: Oil, LPG, Gas, direct electric, solar or heat pump
• System installed: Daikin Altherma 6kW split heat pump, (indoor + outdoor) & 200ltr. storage cylinder!
• Reason for selecting Daikin Altherma:!
– To meet 10% renewable energy requirement - Merton Rule!
– 55 apartments in total - 47 x gas & solar // 8 x heat pump (smaller footprint / flexible) !
– connected to radiators and towel rails !
– Flexibility!
– The Developers & Local Authority were satisfied that it met the Merton 10% Rule!
!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
38. Presentation Summary!
1.
Environmentally
friendly
8. 2.
Heating
Flexible
configuration & Sanitary
The Daikin Altherma air to water heat pump system
has been designed to meet and exceed customers
7. Increased comfort Low energy 3.
expectations and enhance the comfort of living all year
bills
No round.
additional
Easy to install
infrastructure
required 4.
6.
Low maintenance
5.
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
39. Useful Links and Contact!
!
F-Gas www.acrib.org.uk!
FETA / HPA www.feta.co.uk/hpa!
ECA/ETL www.eca.gov.uk/etl!
!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk!
www.spaceair.co.uk!
altherma@spaceair.co.uk!
tweet @altherma!
!
Presenter - Mark Houghton Commercial Director!
mhoughton@spaceair.co.uk!
www.spaceairsolutions.co.uk // Space Air Daikin Home Environmental Solutions!
