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Social Media Use in the Queensland Floods and Christchurch Earthquake 	,[object Object],Assoc. Prof. Axel BrunsARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane, Australia,[object Object],a.bruns@qut.edu.au / @snurb_dot_info,[object Object],http://mappingonlinepublics.net/,[object Object]
Social Media during Emergencies,[object Object],Changing media ecologies:,[object Object],Social media as part of everyday media use,[object Object],Various platforms:,[object Object],Facebook, Twitter, blogs – updates and information,[object Object],YouTube, Flickr, Twitpic – first-hand video and photos,[object Object],Google Maps, Ushahidi – map-based information mashups,[object Object],[object Object],Various levels of maturity:,[object Object],Uses and use practices still developing,[object Object],Different demographic reach,[object Object],Technological differences:,[object Object],e.g. Facebook: built around personal networks; semi-private; discussion threads,[object Object],e.g. Twitter: open, flat network; public #hashtag conversations; update stream,[object Object]
Twitter and the Queensland Floods: #qldfloods tweets,[object Object],10 Jan 2011	11 Jan 2011	12 Jan 2011	13 Jan 2011	14 Jan 2011	15 Jan 2011,[object Object]
Local Focus: #qldfloods from Toowoomba to Brisbane,[object Object],Toowoomba vs. Lockyer/Grantham vs. Ipswich vs. Brisbane slide,[object Object],10 Jan 2011	11 Jan 2011	12 Jan 2011	13 Jan 2011	14 Jan 2011	15 Jan 2011,[object Object]
Twitter and the Queensland Floods: #qldfloods @replies,[object Object],authorities,[object Object],mainstream media,[object Object]
Twitter and the Queensland Floods: #qldfloods themes,[object Object],From CCI Report on the use of Twitter in the Queensland floods – Shaw et al. (forthcoming, 2011). ,[object Object],Every 20th tweet coded.,[object Object]
@QPSmedia as Central #qldfloods Information Source,[object Object]
Twitter and the Queensland Floods,[object Object],First lessons:,[object Object],#qldfloods as coordinating tool – one central hashtag,[object Object],Go where the users are – and help establish hashtag,[object Object],Plus inventive additions – e.g. @QPSmedia #Mythbuster tweets,[object Object],Most activity by individuals – but key official accounts cut through,[object Object],Enable easy retweeting and sharing of messages,[object Object],Respond and engage,[object Object],Mainstream media are important in social media environments, too,[object Object],Twitter as an amplifier of key messages,[object Object],Twitter vs. Facebook – which works when?,[object Object]
Twitter and the 22 Feb. Christchurch Earthquake: #eqnz,[object Object],	22/2	23	24	25	26	27	28	1/3	2	3	4	5	6	7,[object Object]
Twitter and the Christchurch Earthquake: #eqnz @replies,[object Object],mainstream media,[object Object],authorities,[object Object],utilities,[object Object]
Twitter and the Christchurch Earthquake: tweet types,[object Object]
Twitter and the Christchurch Earthquake: #eqnz @replies,[object Object],Changing @reply patterns with the move from rescue to recovery:,[object Object]
Twitter and the Christchurch Earthquake: #eqnz Themes,[object Object]
Twitter and the Christchurch Earthquake,[object Object],Towards better strategies for social media in disasters:,[object Object],February 2011 earthquake building on lessons learnt in September 2010,[object Object],#eqnz and key Twitter accounts already established,[object Object],Several key accounts sharing the load and dividing responsibilities,[object Object],More experienced use of Twitter by residents and authorities,[object Object],Clear shift in attention after the immediate rescue phase:,[object Object],Marked differences in list of most @replied/retweeted accounts,[object Object],Some tracking of current problems / issues / fears may be possible,[object Object],Decline in overall tweet volume / diversification of #hashtags?,[object Object]
Comparative Metrics,[object Object]
Background: Researching Twitter,[object Object],#hashtag studies:,[object Object],Selected #hashtags captured from the Twitter API using yourTwapperkeeper,[object Object],Data processing using custom-made tools – keyword and network analysis,[object Object],Statistic and network visualisations – including dynamic visualisations,[object Object],Broader research:,[object Object],#hashtags are limited – much additional activity outside #hashtags,[object Object],How do #hashtags emerge, how do users encounter and choose them?,[object Object],How much does Twitter use during crises differ from everyday usage?,[object Object],Mapping Online Publics:,[object Object],ARC Discovery project, 2010-12: Assoc. Prof. Axel Bruns and Dr. Jean Burgess, QUT,[object Object],Methodology and outcomes: http://mappingonlinepublics.net/,[object Object],Further projects on social media and crisis communication under development,[object Object], please get in touch!,[object Object]
Twitter and the Japanese Tsunami: Beyond the #Hashtag,[object Object]
Beyond Hashtags,[object Object],Publics on Twitter:,[object Object],Micro:	@reply and retweet conversations,[object Object],Meso:	hashtag ‘communities’,[object Object],Macro:	follower/followee networks,[object Object], Multiple overlapping publics / networks,[object Object],What drives their formation and dissipation?,[object Object],How do they interact and interweave?,[object Object],How are they interleaved with the wider media ecology?,[object Object],Twitter doesn’t contain publics: publics transcend Twitter,[object Object]
Understanding Australian Twitter Use,[object Object],What is the Australian Twitteruserbase?,[object Object],Large-scale snowballing project,[object Object],Starting from selected hashtag communities (e.g. #ausvotes, #qldfloods, #masterchef),[object Object],Identifying participating users, testing for ‘Australianness’:,[object Object],Timezone setting, location information, profile information,[object Object],Retrieving follower/followee information for each account (very slow),[object Object],Progress update:,[object Object],~550,000 Australian users identified so far,[object Object]
The Australian Twittersphere,[object Object],Follower/followee network:~150,000 Australian Twitter users(of ~550,000 known accounts so far) colour = outdegree, size = indegree,[object Object]
The Australian Twittersphere,[object Object]
http://mappingonlinepublics.net/,[object Object],@snurb_dot_info,[object Object],@jeanburgess,[object Object],@_StephenH,[object Object],@DrTNitins,[object Object]

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