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Urbanization
- 1. URBANIZATION Adreena Lind Science 275 May 20, 2012 Roslyn Higgins
- 2. Benefits of Urbanization • Less Effort is Needed to Supply Basic Amenities • Improvements in the Economy and Better Living Conditions • Convenience and Access to Educational and Health Services • Social Integration/Diversity
- 3. Challenges of Urbanization • Environmental Impacts • Crime • Unemployment • Poor Living Conditions
- 4. Institutionalizing Community – Based Development • Focused on the Improvement of Living Conditions • Focused on the Unemployment and Improving Economic Factors • Developing Community Facilities and Services • Improvements in environmental situations
- 5. The Impact of Community-Based Programs in Cote d'Ivoire • Generated Full and Part-time Employment for Workers. • Cost for Public Utilities Have Been Reduced by 60 Percent. • Growth of Apprenticeships and Skill Development Programs • Advance of Health Programs for Children in the Community
- 6. The Bronx Center Project – “Don’t Move, Improve” • Problem Solving Process and Education Reform in the Community • Construction of Lower and Middle Income Residences • Building Restoration in the Local Community • Development of Facilities for Community Health and Human Services
- 7. The Impact of Community-Based Programs in the Bronx • The Bronx Center Programs has been Awarded Several Grants from the City for Community Beautification and Educational Programs. • Development of the programs to develop employment opportunities for residents and construction workers. • Development of educational programs dedicated to the success of Bronx students.
- 8. References Most Clearing House best practice (1996) The Bronx Center Project – “Don’t Move, Improve”: retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/most/usa1.htm database. Most Clearing House best practice (1996) Institutionalizing Community-Based Development retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/most/africa17.htm database. Wiley Plus (2012) Visualizing Environmental Science: Ecosystems and Evolution retrieved from http://edugen.wiley.com/edugen/student/main.uni database.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Urbanization allows cities to become extremely efficient and require significantly less labor to supply gas, electrical energy, and water. Apartment tend to be more abundant in cities, which also allow for less land development to be needed, in smaller areas. Urbanization allows human, educational, and social services to be better accessible (Wiley, 2012). Life in urban cities is generally more comfortable and technologically advanced. Urbanization and large cities also house people from different cultural and backgrounds, which are able to integrate and cohabitate in one large community.
- Urbanizationhas also developed many challenges such as pollution, crime, poverty, and unemployment. Pollution from large cities greatly impact the natural environment; emissions from automobiles, sewage, and piles of garbage are the leading causes of air, water, and land pollution. Urbanization has also resulted in cities with high crime areas. Often people who are unable to find employment turn to criminal behavior to make money. Individuals, who are lower income often find it difficult to compete with the increasing amounts for cost of living (Wiley, 2012). This often result in people looking for a way out of their poverty through illegal means; crimes such as thief are generally much higher in urban “slums” than is rural or suburban areas. Unemployment is often the root of crime and poverty in densely populated urban areas; in poor economic times and growing population it can be very difficult to develop adequate amounts of jobs needed.
- In the Ivory Coast (Cote d’Ivoire) of northwestern Africa programs have arisen that are aimed at the development of the communities and people in urban areas. These community-based develop programs are designed to restructure the focus of resources and energy towards the development of better living conditions for local residence, city wide beautification, and improving efforts to create a safer and health urban environment for citizens. This program relies on neighborhood committees, which are known as the CDQs. These committees are dedicated to the development of urban areas throughout the Ivory Coast and help government officials do what is ben for the entire nation (Most Clearing House, 1996).
- The community based programs have been successful in the ivory coast. Through neighborhood programs and local committees have frosted self empowerment in the community. These community programs have generated more than 140,000 dollars for infrastructural development. There are also programs dedicated to providing health services for the children of community with help from the Health Institute, which provides vaccines for approximately 800 children. The CDQs have generated apprenticeships for 40 young men and women in conjunction with local business and the Institute for Commercial Studies and full and part employment for nearly 2,000 workers. There have also been cost cuts for water supplies by 60 percent due to combined efforts of the CDQs and the Municipality (Most Clearing House, 1996). The institutionalized community based programs have made a difference in the communities in the Ivory Coast and helped to ease some of the trials related with urbanization.
- The Bronx Center Project is a community based program, which is design to give members of the community the opportunity to succeed. The programs aid in the growth of job placement opportunities of local workers and residents. This program is committed to beautification of the South Bronx and the development of local community centers for residents (Most Clearing House, 1996). The Bronx Center Project restoration plan of historical, and residential building gives the residents of the community a cleaner and safer environment to live in. The Bronx Center Project is also devoted to the empowerment of students and the empowerment of local school in the South Bronx.
- The Bronx Center Projecthas made a big impact in the communities in the Bronx. The development program has been successful aiding the educational, infrastructural, and employment need of the South Bronx communities. The Bronx Center Projects has been a key component in the beatification of the local area train station. The Bronx Center Project was awarded a grant for 175,000 was awarded for the renovation of the Metro North train station. The Bronx center projects has frequent meetings concerning education in the Bronx and open forums for community outreach (Most Clearing House, 1996) . The Bronx Center Project has also generated fund to develop a local community facility in the former Bronx Court House. Furthermore the Bronx Center Project has been working to develop High Schools programs focused on law, government, and justice for Bronx students.