Managed metadata in SharePoint 2010 allows organizations to centrally manage taxonomies and content types across sites and farms. Key features include content type syndication, term stores to organize hierarchical term sets, and managed metadata columns to tag content with predefined terms. Metadata is critical for improving content discoverability through refined searches. While powerful, the managed metadata system has some limitations around security, extensibility, and client support that require consideration during design and governance.
2. What is Metadata & Tagging?
• In practical usage, it means data about data
• For SharePoint, it usually means data that describes or
classifies other data (lists) or documents (libraries)
Tagging
• Applying metadata to an item
3. Managed metadata features
Content Type Syndication/Publishing – Publishing
content types across multiple sites, site
collections, web application and/or farms.
Content Type – A reusable collection of settings
and rules applied to a certain category of
content in SharePoint.
Content Type Hub – A site collection which
operates as a central source to share content
types across the enterprise
Taxonomies
The creation and management of centrally
managed terms that can be used as attributes
for items in SharePoint sites
5. Some definitions…
Managed Enterprise
Term Term Store Term Set
Terms Keywords
•Individual item •A database •The “second • Typically pre- • Single, non-
within a term that houses level” of a defined and hierarchical
set taxonomies taxonomy. organized into term set
•(a/k/a “tag”) Logical a hierarchical within the
grouping of term set by a Term Store
An element of related terms. Term Store Management
the defined Administrator Tool called
taxonomy the Keywords
set
6. Term Set, Terms & Group
Group : Logical groupings of Term Set
Term Sets (Security Boundaries) (A group of related terms)
• Local
• Global
• Open
• Close
7. Managed Metadata Column
A new column type
that can be added to
lists or libraries so
that site users or
content owners can
select values from a
specific term set of
managed terms and
apply them to content.
8. Enterprise Keywords
• Enterprise Keywords column
• The Enterprise Keywords column
is a column that you can add to
content types, lists, or libraries
to enable users to tag items with
words or phrases that they
choose.
9. Social Tagging
Social tags. A social tag is
composed of pointers to three
types of information:
• A user identity
• An item URL
• A term
• Tags are aggregated to each
user‟s profile page
• Tags have profile pages
• Tags can be “followed” just like
people in SharePoint social
nets
13. Import Taxonomy
• Importing taxonomies into the MMS is supported by using a comma-
delimited file format (.csv file). This file format has a specific structure
that defines a term set and the hierarchy of contained terms.
16. Benefits
• Consistent use of metadata
• Improved content discoverability/Search
Tags are automatically crawled properties
All tags and terms are available as left hand
“refinements
• Flexibility
17. Design Considerations
• Open vs. closed term sets
• Tag security
• Dynamic external tags
• Content types & Site columns - practical guidance
• Programmability & Customization
18. It‟s good to know!
• There is also no capability to manage associative relationships in SharePoint – only hierarchal
• No granular security on tag definitions or tags as applied
• No meta-metadata
• You can define products and group them hierarchically, but you can‟t add a list price and then navigate or refine to find
content by price
• Can‟t tag a tag, can‟t rate a tag, can‟t “like” a tag
• Can‟t organize “personal” tags
• Client application support limitations
• SharePoint Workspace 2010 can read but not write MMS tags
• InfoPath browser client can‟t read or write MMS tags
• No Support in Office 2007/2003
• Cannot Edit Managed Metadata values in Datasheet Mode
• Limitations in Views: cannot use the „Begins With‟ or „Contains‟ operators for filters in views.
• Extra care required in SharePoint Designer Workflows: you cannot simply plug in the name of the term
that you want to use by need to use GUID of the term.
• Cannot be used in calculated fields
• Maximum of 250 terms selected per Managed Metadata Column
• Cannot add a Managed Metadata Column through SharePoint Designer
19. Plan your Metadata : Options!
If you want to let users help develop your
taxonomy, then you can simply have users
add keywords to items, and then organize
these into term sets as necessary. If your organization wants to use
managed term sets to implement
formal pre-defined taxonomies, then
key stakeholders with a vested interest
in the structure of the taxonomy need
to collaborate to plan and develop the
term sets and terms to be used
After the key stakeholders in the
organization agree upon the required term
sets, you can use the Term Store
Management Tool to import or create your
term sets and to manage and maintain the
term sets as users begin working with the
metadata
20. Drive adoption
Start small. Do NOT put everything in a term set.
Introduce keywords to users who understand the benefits
Use default tags in context.
External data. Use BCS if tag definitions are outside SharePoint
Understand the security model and don‟t put “secret” terms in a term store.
Extend administrative access for nontraditional administrators (e.g. corporate staff)
Watch usage patterns for keywords and search. Unused typos in a keyword field (e.g.
“holidya list”) can be deleted, and new project names can be promoted!
Synonyms! Synonyms! Synonyms!
Taxonomy does NOT belong to IT…
Open folksonomies and closed taxonomies is a good practice…best?
Watch trends in casual social tags and evaluate “promotion” to formal taxonomy
The new managed metadata features in SharePoint Server 2010 are enabled by a new Managed Metadata Service application that provides support for two key things:Content Type Publishing The sharing of content types across site collections and Web applications. TaxonomiesThe creation and management of hierarchical collections of centrally managed terms (called term sets) that can be used as attributes for items in SharePoint sites. These term sets can be shared across site collections and Web applications. Term sets can be created and managed through a feature called the Term Store Management Tool.
TaxonomyA taxonomy is a hierarchical classification of words, labels, or terms that are organized into groups based on similarities. A taxonomy may be defined and centrally managed by one or more individuals. The International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), which was developed by the United Nations, is a famous example of an industrial taxonomy that is used to classify economic data. Taxonomies are useful because they provide a logical, hierarchical structure of metadata that can be used to classify information consistently.FolksonomyA folksonomy is the classification that results when Web site users collaboratively apply words, labels, or terms to content on a site. If you have ever seen a tag cloud on a Web site, then you have seen a visualization of a folksonomy. The figure below shows a Tag Cloud Web Part on a SharePoint site. A folksonomy-based approach to metadata can be useful because it taps the knowledge and expertise of site users and content creators and it enables content classification to evolve with the users’ changing business needs and interests.
A term is an individual item within a term set, and it is a specific word or phrase that can be associated with an item on a SharePoint Server 2010 site.A term has a unique ID and it can have many different Managed termsManaged terms are typically pre-defined and organized into a hierarchical term set by a Term Store Administrator or another person with permissions to work with managed metadata. Enterprise keywordsAn enterprise keyword is a word or phrase that is added to items on a SharePoint site. Enterprise keywords are organized into a single, non-hierarchical term set within the Term Store Management Tool called the Keywords set. Because users can typically add any word or phrase to an item as a keyword, enterprise keywords can be used for folksonomy-style tagging. Term store administrators, or other individuals with permission to manage metadata, can opt to move keywords out of the Keywords term set and into a specific managed term set, at which point the keywords will become available within the context of a specific term set. Term store administrators can also opt to make the Keywords set closed, so that users cannot submit new keywords and are restricted to the use of existing keywords.text labels (synonyms). If you are working on a multi-lingual site, it can also have labels in different languages.
A Term set is a group of related terms. Depending on where a term set is created, its scope can be local or global:Local Term Sets are created within the context of a site collection, and are available for use (and visible) only to users of that site collection. For example, if you add a managed metadata column to a list or library and create a new term set for this column, then the term set is local to the site collection that contains this list or library. Global term sets are available for use across all sites that subscribe to a specific Managed Metadata Service application.Term sets can be configured to be closed, which means that users cannot add new terms to them when they are entering a value for a column that is mapped to the term set. Or they can be configured to be open, which means that users can add new terms to the term set when they are updating the value for a column that is mapped to the term set.
Managed Metadata column A Managed Metadata column can be configured to map to an existing term set, or you can create a new term set specifically for the column. If you create a new term set specifically for a Managed Metadata column, that term set will be a local term set that is available only for use within the site collection where it was created.
Enterprise Keywords column It is a multi-value column by default. When users type a word or phrase into the column, they are presented with type-ahead suggestions, which may include items from both managed term sets and the Keywords term set. Users can select an existing value, or enter something new (if the Keywords term set has been configured to be open to user additions).
Tagging In its most generic sense, tagging can refer simply to the act of applying metadata to an item, whether it’s managed metadata or a social tag. In this article, the verb “tag” is used in this sense, and it is not restricted to social tags.Social tags are words or phrases that site users can apply to content on a SharePoint site to help them categorize information in ways that are meaningful to them. Social tags can also be applied to URLs outside of a SharePoint site. Social tags support folksonomy-based taggingThese pointers are stored in the Social Tagging Store that is part of the User Profile Service application. Technically, social tags are not part of the managed metadata features in SharePoint Server 2010, but they do connect to the managed metadata features in a couple of important ways that help support the consistent use of metadata across an organization.The term portion of a social tag points to a term in the Keywords set of the Term Store for one of the Managed Metadata Service applications to which a site is connected. Social tagging is useful because it enables site users to improve the discoverability of content and information on a site.
If the social tagging feature has been enabled, you can tag content on a SharePoint site that you find meaningful or interesting. To tag a page, you can use the tag icon that displays at the top of the page.To tag documents or list items, you can use the tag command that displays on the Library or List tab of the ribbon.When you start typing the tag or tags you want to apply, you can select from existing keywords or managed terms, or you can add new keywords, if the Keywords term set is open.You also have the option of tagging content on external sites, such as other intranet or internet sites, by adding the SharePoint Tags and Notes Tool to your browser
Centralized enterprise repository for tag hierarchies and keywordsPublish and subscribe model for distributed content types
You can view a sample import file by selecting View a Sample Import File in the Term Store Management Tool
To work in the Term Store Management Tool, you must be a Farm Administrator, a Term Store Administrator, or someone who has been designated as a Group Manager or Contributor for term setsIf you are a Term Store Administrator, you can create or delete groups within a Managed Metadata Service application.If you are a Term Store Administrator or a Group Manager you can create, import, or delete term sets within a group. Term set contributors can create new term sets.Term sets can be copied, relocated, and reused from existing termsTerms can be copied, reused, merged, deprecated, etc.Keywords (folksonomy) can be moved into a managed term set or deleted
If you are a Term Store Administrator, a Group Manager, or a term set Contributor, you can create or reuse terms within a term set, as well as copy, move, or delete a selected term set.If you are a Term Store Administrator, a Group Manager, or a term set Contributor, you can create copy, reuse, merge, deprecate, move, or delete individual terms within a term set.
Consistent use of metadataWith term sets and managed terms you can establish control over the types of terms that are available to be added to content, and you can control who has the ability to add new terms. You can also limit the use of enterprise keywords to a specific list of keywords by configuring the Keywords term set as closed. When the same terms are used consistently across sites, it is easier to build robust processes or solutions that rely on metadata. Additionally, the user experience for working with metadata on sites, in lists and libraries, as well as in the Office client programs makes it easy for site users to apply consistent metadata to their content.Improved content discoverabilityWhen the content across sites in an organization has consistent metadata, it is easier to find and access business information and data by using search. New search features, such as the refinement panel, which displays on the left-hand side of the search results page, enable users to filter search results based on metadata.FlexibilityYou can update a term set easily in the Term Store Management tool, and new or updated terms will automatically become available for use wherever a Managed Metadata column associated with that term set is available. If you merge multiple terms into one term, content that is tagged with these terms is automatically updated to reflect this change. You can specify multiple synonyms (or labels) for individual terms. If your site is multi-lingual, you can also specify multilingual labels for individual terms.
Advisable tokeep the term store closed and provide contact information for someone to suggest a term addition
SharePoint Server 2010 supports both extremes there are taxonomies, which are formal, centrally-managed, hierarchical groups of terms through managed terms and term sets. At the other end of this range, there are folksonomies, which are the collaborative classifications that result when individuals apply tags freely to content or there is support for enterprise keywords and social tagging, both of which enable site users to tag content with keywords of their choosing.