The document provides information on sustainable communities in the USA, focusing on climate change and energy efficiency initiatives. It discusses: 1) Rankings of US cities based on sustainability and green building measures, with Portland, OR, San Francisco, CA, and Seattle, WA ranking highly. 2) The emergence of the sustainable communities movement in the US during the 1990s in response to environmental, economic, and social issues. Key milestones and pillars of sustainable communities are outlined. 3) Climate change and smart growth have become leading sustainability issues among US cities, and many local communities are taking action on climate change in the absence of federal leadership.

1. Sustainable Communities: USA Benchmarking
Michael Lovejoy
Finpro Americas Region, Houston
1 October 2009

2. Introduction
Finpro has undertaken a study of sustainable building in the USA, focusing
on climate change and energy efficiency initiatives in a select group of
leading communities that have been referenced to the major European
climate zones.
Energy & Climate Green Building
SustainLane™ 2008 Sustainability Rankings
1. San Francisco, CA* 1. Portland, OR
1. Seattle, WA 2. Washington, DC*
1. Portland, OR 3. Atlanta, GA
4. Sacramento, CA 4. Seattle, WA
5. Austin, TX 5. Denver, CO
6. Denver, CO 6. San Francisco, CA*
7. New York, NY 7. Boston, MA
7. Albuquerque, NM 8. Sacramento, CA
7. Las Vegas, NV 9. Austin, TX
7. Omaha, NE 10. Las Vegas, NV * Includes Berkeley, CA, & Baltimore, MD
Date © Finpro 2

3. Sustainable Communities Movement
There is „movement‟ underway in the USA, and it is having a profound effect
at the community level.
[In the USA]…a growing number of
grassroots and public sector groups are
initiating efforts to simultaneously address
environmental, economic, and social issues, In June 2004, the U.S. Council of
increase community well-being, and secure Mayors described sustainable
the long-term health of human and natural community as “…the synthesis
systems. Collectively termed the of environmental stewardship,
'sustainable communities movement', since economic and community
1990, dozens, if not hundreds, of sustainable development, social equity,
communities projects have been initiated in affordable housing, and public
cities, counties, and regions across the participation in the governing
country. process.”
R. Gahin; V. Veleva; M. Hart, “Do Indicators Help Create
Sustainable Communities? “ Local Environment, 6 December
2003.
Date 3
© Finpro

4. Sustainable Communities Movement
Formal community understanding of sustainability emerged in the USA
during the 1990s.
Early Milestones in the Sustainable 8 Pillars of a Sustainable
Communities Movement Community
1993: Creation of the President's 1. A compact complete community
Council On Sustainable Development* 2. Low impact transportation
3. Green buildings
1996: U.S. Conference of Mayors & 4. Multi-dimensional landscape
the National Association of Counties 5. Innovative utility infrastructure
form the Joint Center for Sustainable 6. Healthy local food systems
Communities. 7. Facilities / Programs / Process
for social health
* Sustainable development “meets the
needs of the present without compromising 8. Sustainable economic systems
the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs,” Brundtland Commission Source: U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
(United nations), 1987.
Date © Finpro 4

5. Sustainable Communities Movement
Smart growth & climate change have become the leading sustainability
issues among U.S. cities & counties.
Top Three Sustainability Issues Smart Growth Principles
(Response Percent)
1. Mix land uses
2. Take advantage of compact building
Smart Growth 67 %
design
Climate Change 48 % 3. Create a range of housing opportunities &
choices
Fiscal Viability 33 %
4. Create walkable neighborhoods
Energy Conservation 29 % 5. Foster distinctive, attractive communities
with a strong sense of place
Transportation 29 % 6. Preserve open space, farmland, natural
Community Revitalization 24 % beauty, and critical environmental areas
7. Strengthen and direct development
Economic Development 19 % towards existing communities
Community Engatement 14 % 8. Provide a variety of transportation choices
9. Make development decisions predictable,
Habitat & Land Conservation 14 % fair & cost effective
Social Justice 14 % 10. Encourage community & stakeholder
collaboration in development decisions
Energy Independence 5%
Source: U.S. EPA / Smart Growth Network
Recycling 5%
Source: ICMA, Fall 2007
Date © Finpro 5

6. Sustainable Communities Movement
While the U.S. Federal Government & many State Governments have
lagged in the adoption of climate action plans, local communities are taking
matters into their own hands.
In 2005, the United States
Conference of Mayors
(USCM) unanimously
adopted the U.S. Mayors
Climate Protection
Agreement, whereby they
agreed that their cities will
meet or exceed the Kyoto
Protocol on climate
change.
Date © Finpro 6

7. Green Building Movement
The U.S. Department of Energy reports that the growth in U.S. buildings‟
energy consumption has resulted in carbon dioxide emissions rising from
about a third of total U.S. emissions in 1980 to almost 40 percent today.
Measured Impacts of U.S. Built Environment
As a percent of total USA
Energy Use 40 %
Electricity Consumtion 72 %
Natural Gas 55 %
Cabon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions 38 %
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) 19 %
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 52 %
Raw Materials Use 40 %
Waste Output 30 %
Potable Water Consumption 14 %
Source: USGBC & USDOE 2009 estimates
Date © Finpro 7

8. Green Building Movement
In response, a green building movement emerged during the early 1990s in
the USA, and it is impacting building codes in a growing number of
communities today.
U.S. Municipal Green Building Codes
'Green' building codes sprout up
across USA
USA Today, 13 August 2008
There's been a huge groundswell in
green-building leadership at state
and local levels. It's remarkable,"
says Jason Hartke of the U.S.
Green Building Council…
Hartke attributes the trend to
higher energy costs and climate-
change concerns…
Source: U.S. GBC, February 2009
Date © Finpro 8

9. Green Building Movement
The impetus behind the movement is frustration with traditional building
codes, which are seen as „environmental neutral.‟
Definition of Green Building In the USA, Green Buildings can reduce…
Energy CO2 Water Solid
Green building is the practice of Use Emissions Use Waste
creating structures and using
processes that are environmentally 20* to
responsible and resource-efficient 50** %
throughout a building’s life-cycle from 33*** to
siting to design, construction, 39** %
operation, maintenance, renovation and 40**%
deconstruction. This complements the
classical building design concerns of 70**%
economy, utility, durability, and comfort.
Green building is also known as
sustainable or high performance * Turner, C. & Frankel (2008), Energy Performance of LEED
building. for New Construction Buildings
** Katz, G. (2003), The Costs & Financial Benefits of Green
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Building
*** U.S. GSA Public Building Service (2008), Assessing green
building performance
Source: U.S. Green Building Council
Date © Finpro 9

10. Green Building Movement
Building codes are developed at the national level in the USA by basically
two non-profit organizations. They are adopted at the state and local level
and then enforced locally.
Status of U.S.
Commercial Energy
Codes by State
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
Date © Finpro 10

11. Green Building Movement
Unfortunately, as codes are improved upon, states & communities lag in
their adoption.
Status of U.S.
Residential Energy
Codes by State
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
Date © Finpro 11

12. Green Building Movement
Arising out of the green building movement are voluntary national rating
programs that have been developed by public and private entities.
Leading U.S. Green Building Rating Programs
Energy Star: A joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the
U.S. Department of Energy that rates (labels) both building and products for energy
efficiency. www.energystar.gov/
The Green Building Initiative‟s GBI Green Globes: Online, point based green rating
tool for new commercial buildings that is growing in popularity. www.thegbi.org/green-
globes/
The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Model Green Home Building
Guidelines: Online, point-based green rating tool for new residential green buildings
that is popular with some developers because it is less expensive. www.nahbgreen.org/
USGBC Leadership in in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED): Point based
rating tools, covering various building types, and originally based on the UK‟s BREEAM
system but modified to make it less cumbersome. www.usgbc.org/LEED/
Date © Finpro 12

13. Green Building Movement
LEED‟s success is based upon its penetration of the non-residential sector:
20156 cumulative registered projects, summing to 322 million square feet
(29.9 million m²).
LEED 2009 Rating Systems Levels of Certification
Building Lifecycle Certified 40 – 49 points
Design Construction Operations Silver 50 – 59 points
Gold 60 – 79 points
Schools, Healthcare, Retail
Existing Platinum 80 points and greater
Buildings
New Construction
Operations &
Maintenance Point Rating
Core & Shell
(Maximum Possible by Category)
Commercial Interiors Sustainable Sites 26
Water Efficiency 10
Neighborhood Development*
Energy & Atmosphere 35
Homes Materials & Resources 14
* Under development Indoor Environmental Air Quality 15
Innovation in Design 6
Regional Priority 4
Date © Finpro 13

14. Community Benchmarking
Introduction
In the interest of time, the green building initiatives of five communities will
be reviewed for their different approaches to climate change.
1. Austin, Texas
2. Boston, Massachusetts
3. Portland, Oregon
4. San Francisco, California
5. Berkeley, California
Note: Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland are also
part of the larger study.
Date © Finpro 14

15. Community Benchmarking
Austin, Texas
In 1992, Austin, Texas, was the first U.S. city to develop a green building
program, which is located in the City-owned electric utility. In 2007, the City
adopted a Climate Protection Plan.
Austin Climate Protection Plan
2012: City facilities 100% renewable
energy
2015: New residential building net-zero
energy* [65% above 2002 baseline]
2015: New commercial buildings
increase energy efficiency by 75%*
2020: City vehicle fleet carbon neutral
2020: Austin Energy 30% renewable
energy
2020: Austin Energy at least 100MW
solar
2020: 700MW of new energy efficiency
* Developing requirements for existing
buildings to have an energy audit &
efficiency upgrade when sold.
Date © Finpro 15

16. Community Benchmarking
Austin, Texas
A net-zero energy building produces on-site renewable energy that is equal
to or greater than the amount it consumes. Is Austin‟s goal achievable by
2015?
Net-Zero
Formula Renewable Energy
Solar PV Austin Solar Rebate Program
Solar Hot Water
Wind Turbines • Residential & Commercial = $4.50 per
watt
• Residential maximum = $13,500 or 80% of
Energy Efficiency installation cost
Efficient Appliances • Commercial maximum = $100,000 or 80%
High SEER AC of installation cost
CFL & LED Lighting • For example: “For a typical residence the
installation of a one kilowatt solar voltaic
system, which is the smallest system
Energy Conservation considered practical, is between $6-to-$10
Most Smart Design thousand. Austin Energy will rebate
Cost Tight Construction $4500.”
Source: Urban Home Austin, Summer 2008
Efficient Better Building
www.barleypfeiffer.com/
Date © Finpro 16

17. Community Benchmarking
Austin, Texas
SOL Austin is fully-funded, commercial “sustainable neighborhood”
development project with net-zero energy homes. Construction started this
past summer.
Building‟s Green Profile
• Operable windows for passive ventilation and day-lighting, placing the majority of
windows on North and South facades and shading whenever possible.
• Gerkin Rhino windows, a low-e, double-pane, thermally broken aluminum frame
featuring Cardinal 366 glass.
• Structurally insulated panels for the walls and, consisting of 3.5" of EPS foam with 5/8"
Oriented Strand Board (OSB) laminated on either side, providing a continuous thermal
Construction: Ongoing
break, increased R-value, greatly reduce the outside air infiltration and reduce the
(2009) construction time by acting as structure, insulation and sheathing all in one system.
Design Team: • Geothermal HVAC with seasonal energy efficiency rating (SEER) of 27 on models with
• KRDB (Architects) two stage compressors requiring about half the energy of a conventional HVAC system.
A by-product is hot water that can be recovered and used rather than heating water
through other means for daily use.
• Above efficiency measures working together reduce the total energy demand of house
by about 50% of standard construction. Remaining electricity generation comes from
polycrystalline photovoltaic arrays installed on the roof of each house, ranging in size
from 3-6 Kilowatts depending on the size of the house.
• Half of the home to be built offsite, utilizing modular construction in a climate-controlled
factory.
Date © Finpro 17

18. Community Benchmarking
Austin, Texas
With respect to energy efficiency, Austin is actively developing a smart grid
beyond the current one that was been fully installed this year. The
community has established a public-private partnership for design and
implementation.
Pecan Street Partners
• City of Austin
• Austin Energy
• The University of Texas' Austin
Technology Incubator
• Greater Austin Chamber of Commerce
• Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)
Corporate Partners
• Dell
• GE Energy
• IBM
• Intel
• Oracle
• Cisco Systems
Recent evidence indicates that where an • Microsoft
interactive consumer-to-utility facility exists in • Freescale Semiconductor
terms of energy usage, consumers become more • GridPoint
involved in energy efficiency actions.
4 May 2009 © Finpro 18

19. Community Benchmarking
Boston, Massachusetts
In conjunction with the adoption of Boston‟s Climate Action Plan in 2007,
was the revision of the City‟s building code.
Boston Climate Action Plan Article 37 of Boston‟s Building Code requires
all major new and rehabilitation construction
Improve Buildings & Structures projects exceeding 50 thousand square feet
(4645.152 m²) to demonstrate that they are
[Requires] that all new municipal
able to qualify for 26 LEED New Construction
buildings, City-funded housing, and
large private developments meet (NC) points plus four more points that are in
higher standards of energy use & accordance with the City‟s priorities – e.g.,
conservation. transportation, energy, historic preservation,
and groundwater recharge. Boston does not
Optimize Energy Sources require third party certification – e.g., USGBC
– but the Boston Redevelopment Authority
Balance Transportation System must review and confirm developer‟s
certifications.
Manage Land
See: www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/zoning/
See: www.cityofboston.gov/climate/
Date © Finpro 19

20. Community Benchmarking
Boston, Massachusetts
In terms of advanced energy efficiency in buildings, Boston is aided by state
government, which established the Massachusetts Zero Net Energy Building
Task Force.
Getting to Zero
1. Adopt minimum energy performance standards
for buildings that, over time, drive continuous
improvements in energy efficiency by using the
market to identify the most cost effective methods Twenty-year Horizon
for meeting those standards.
2. Establish a “labeling” system to record the
energy efficiency of each residential and
commercial building.
3. Provide incentives to lower, if not remove,
existing financial & regulatory barriers to energy
efficiency gains, promote onsite renewable
energy, and address the incentive gap between
landlord and tenant.
4. Develop workforce able to deliver the services
that will be critical to the above
recommendations.
Source: State of Massachusetts Zero Net Energy Buildings Task Force, March 2009
Date © Finpro 20

21. Community Benchmarking
Portland, Oregon
In 1993, Portland was the first U.S. City to adopt a plan to reduce CO2
emissions. The current plan‟s 2012 goals are targeted to be met by a
proposed „carrot-and-stick‟ („”feebate”) approach to building policy.
Proposed City of Portland High Performance Green Building Policy
Goals Building Performance Categories
•Reduce greenhouse gas emissions that
cause climate change. Commercial & Single-Family
• Maximize energy efficiency and cost Multifamily Residential
savings. New Buildings Feebate Performance
• Keep housing and commercial buildings based upon target &
affordable over time. building‟s Feebate if not
• Decrease consumption of potable water, rating – e.g., met
especially during summer months. Oregon Code,
• Increase on-site stormwater LEED or
management. Living Building
• Reduce waste during construction and Challenge
operation.
• Improve indoor environmental quality, Existing Disclose Exploring
occupant health and productivity. Buildings building financing &
• Increase the number of local living-wage performance performance
jobs. Score score
Date © Finpro 21

22. Community Benchmarking
Portland, Oregon
Unlike Austin, Portland is not demanding sustainable new buildings, but it is
rewarding achievement and taxing the status quo.
New Commercial Buildings New Multifamily Buildings (>465 m2)
Feebate Green Minimum Reward or Feebate Green Minimum Reward or
Option Building Requirements Fee Option Building Requirements Fee
Standards (LEED Standards (LEED
Credits) Credits)
Reward Living Net-zero $8.65 - Reward Living Net-zero $2.58 -
Building energy & water $17.30 per Building energy & water $5.15 per
Challenge documentation ft2* Challenge documentation ft2*
(1 year) (1 year)
LEED 10 energy $3.46 - LEED 10 energy $1.03 -
Platinum efficiency & 4 $6.92 per Platinum efficiency & 4 $2.06 per
water efficiency ft2 water efficiency ft2
LEED Gold 8 energy $1.73 - LEED Gold 8 energy $0.51 -
3 water $6.92 / ft2 3 water $1.03 / ft2
Waiver LEED Silver 5 energy Not Waiver LEED Silver 5 energy Not
2 water Applicable 2 water Applicable
Fee None** $1.73 - Fee None** $0.51 -
$3.46 / ft2 $1.03 / ft2
* 1 m² = 10.7639 ft² Source: City of Portland Office of Sustainable Development
** If new construction simply meets current Oregon
Building Code, a fee is charged to the owner.
Date © Finpro 22

23. Community Benchmarking
Portland, Oregon
The long-term goal is to look beyond LEED and establish a simplified
standard, with an expanded design challenge, using inspiration and not
accountability as the motivator. The result: The Living Building Challenge.
Typical “Code” Better Building High Pursuing Restorative
Buildings Practices Performance Sustainability Buildings*
Green Buildings
LEED Silver + LEED Platinum
Gold
The Living
Other Standards LEED Certified Building
Challenge
e.g., Oregon State Net Zero
Current Energy Efficiency New
Design (SEED),
Technologies & Technologies &
established in
Services 1991 Services
* Restorative is were human & natural systems cooperatively support each other indefinitely.
Date © Finpro 23

24. Community Benchmarking
Portland, Oregon
A zero-energy, zero-water development, The Kenton Living Building‟s intent
is to change “the way people live & work in a space.”* The cost for this
learning experience is twice conventional construction.
Kenton Living
Building: Key Gray Water Storage Tank +
Photovoltaic Array
Elements + Inverter
Visible Water Gauge
Heat Recovery
Solar Water Heating
Ventilator (HRV)
Directionally
Tuned Glazing
Structurally Insulated
Panel Systems (SIPS)
Compact
Ladder Stud Framing + Dishwasher
Blown-in Insulation
Gypsum Board (95%
Recycled Content)
Street Level
Dry Well
Composting Toilet Pervious Surface
Rain Water Storage Tank Salvaged Wood
Floor
Wet Cleaning Ventless 2-in-1
System Clothes Dryer
* Clark Brockman, Sera Architects Basement Reuse:
Previous Building
Date © Finpro 24

25. Community Benchmarking
San Francisco, California
In July 1997, The Sustainability Plan for the City of San Francisco was
approved, establishing sustainable development as a fundamental goal of
municipal public policy.
Air Quality
• All municipal building projects meet specifications that incorporate air-quality
concerns (including specifications for the use of integrated pest management).
• Vehicle-miles traveled in private automobiles reduced 10%.
Energy, Climate Change & Ozone Depletion
• Each buildings energy characteristics (such as energy use & insulation) are disclosed
when it is listed for sale.
• CFC-based cooling & refrigeration equipment in San Francisco reduced by 50%.
Solid Waste
• City government diverts 60% of its current waste generation.
• The salvage & reuse of construction & demolition materials increased.
Water & Wastewater
• Tax credits & financial incentives in place for water reductions in homes &
businesses.
• A lake management plan implemented.
Date © Finpro 25

26. Community Benchmarking
San Francisco, California
In 2002, the City adopted a Climate Action Plan, and in 2008, it adopted an
aggressive green building ordinance with specific climate action goals.
Estimated 2012 Green Building Ordinance Benefits & Results
CO2 Reductions 60 000 tons of CO2 emissions
Energy savings 220 000 megawatt hours of power
Drinking water savings 379 million liters of water*
Waste & storm water reductions 341 million liters of water*
Construction & demolition waste reduction 318 million kilos*
Increased recycled material valuations 200 million U.S. dollars
Reduced auto trips 540 thousand trips
Increased green power generation 37 thousand megawatt hours
Source: Mayor‟s Task Force on Green Building, 2007
*Note: Numbers rounded in
conversion from U.S. measures
Date © Finpro 26

27. Community Benchmarking
San Francisco, California
New ordinance covers newly constructed commercial buildings over 5000 ft²
(465 m²) and all new residential buildings, and renovations to areas over
25000 ft² (2323 m²) in existing buildings that are undergoing major
upgrades.
Required Certification Levels by Year
Building Type 2009 2010 2011 2012
New Large
LEED Silver LEED Silver LEED Silver LEED Gold
Commercial
LEED Checklist
Mid-Size
LEED Checklist LEED Checklist LEED Checklist plus renewable
Commercial
energy standard
Major Commercial
LEED Silver LEED Silver LEED Silver LEED Gold
Renovations
New High-Rise LEED Certified or
LEED Silver LEED Silver LEED Silver
Residential 50 GreenPoints*
New Mid-Size No Rating
50 GreenPoints 75 GreenPoints 75 GreenPoints
Residential (25 GreenPoints)
New Small
No Rating
Residential (units ≤ 50 GreenPoints 50 GreenPoints 75 GreenPoints
(25 GreenPoints)
4)
*GreenPoints is a rating tool developed by California‟s Build It Green organization: www.builditgreen.org .
Date © Finpro 27

28. Community Benchmarking
Berkeley, California
Eighty-one percent of the citizens of Berkeley voted in November 2006 to
set a 2050 greenhouse gas reduction target of 80% (33% by 2020). In June
2009, the Berkeley City Council voted unanimously to adopt the Berkeley
Climate Action Plan.
Berkeley Climate Action Plan
Sustainable Transportation & Land Use
Building Energy Use – Community‟s task is to reduce conventional energy use in
every existing Berkeley home, business & institution:
• Strive to achieve zero net energy performance in new construction by 2020
• Enhance & lower the cost of energy efficiency services & standards for existing residential &
non-residential buildings
• Develop a local, clean, decentralized energy supply to meet a larger portion of the
community‟s energy needs
• Continue to increase energy efficiency and renewable energy use in public buildings
• Prepare local residents for job opportunities in the emerging green economy
Waste Reduction & Recycling
Community Outreach & Empowerment
See: http://www.berkeleyclimateaction.org/Content/10058/ClimateActionPlan.html
Date © Finpro 28

29. Community Benchmarking
Berkeley, California
Berkeley‟s climate action policies are reflected in its 2009 plan to accelerate
the deployment of residential solar PV panels by financing the upfront cost
and allowing the homeowner to repay it through a special property tax over
20 years.
"This program I think Berkeley FIRST Program
could be our
contribution towards
dealing with global County Tax
Collector
warming and climate
change, and we hope Special Taxes/
at the same time, that Assessments
it will not only deal Special Taxes/
Special Taxes/ CSI Assessments
with the environmental Assessments Rebate*
questions, we'll also
put people to work in
Solar & Sponsoring
the process." Energy Agency Home Installer
Efficiency (City/JPA/ Owner
Tom Bates Bonds County)
Berkeley Mayor
February 2009
Bond Proceeds Bond Proceeds Installation Costs
* State of California provides an upfront cash rebate for solar installations under 50kW – e.g., $6.9K on
$32K system. The U.S. Federal government also offers a 30% tax credit after the first year.
Date © Finpro 29

30. Green Building Market Sustainability
In field studies conducted by Finpro & Tekes during Spring 2009, the
question was asked: “Is the sustainable, sustainable?”
U.S. Green Building Market Value
Metric 2006* 2008** How Green a Recession? –
$12 billion
Sustainability Prospects in the
(new) U.S. Real Estate industry
Total
$130 billion
(Renovations)
“…current recession will only slow,
but not fundamentally alter the
Commercial & market shift to sustainable real
$4 billion
Institutional
estate. Savvy, cash rich investors
Office $8.7 billion will find numerous opportunities to
capitalize on these trends, even
Educational $6 billion during recession, while owners that
fail to adapt quickly to the new
Healthcare $2 billion
standards may find their viability
Residential $8 billion jeopardized.”
Source: RREEF (Deutsche Bank), 2.2009
* McGraw-Hill Construction, 2007
** 2009 U.S. Construction Report, FMI, December 2008
Date © Finpro 30

31. Green Building Market Sustainability
The media has played a major role in focusing public attention on climate
change in the USA in recent years.
September 2005 April 2006 May 2006
Date © Finpro 31

32. Green Building Market Sustainability
The U.S. commercial sector has picked up on the trend.
May 2007
April 2007
Date © Finpro 32

33. Green Building Market Sustainability
It‟s taken some time in coming, but a green „mindset‟ is taking root in
American consumers.
Knowledge & Awareness of Green Are developers paying enough
Home Building attention to the environment?
37 %
58,%
31 %
21 %
34,%
8%
3% 7,%
No Not Enough, Yes, they are
but they are doing enough
doing
something
Source: RCLCO, January 2008
Source: McGraw-Hill, 2007
Date © Finpro 33

34. Green Building Market Sustainability
The same mindset can be found in corporate America.
McGraw Hill forecast in 2007 Perceived U.S. Business Benefits to
that 82% of corporate America „Greening‟ Real Estate
would be greening at least 16%
of their real estate portfolios Operating cost decreases 8 to 9%*
by 2009 and of these
Building value increases 7.5%*
corporations, 18% would be
greening more than 60% of Return on investment 6.6%*
their portfolios. improves
Source: Greening of Corporate America Occupancy ration increases 3.5%*
Smart Market Report
Rent ratio increases 3%**
Source: USGBC
* McGraw-Hill 2008
** McGraw-Hill 2007
Date © Finpro 34

35. Green Building Market Sustainability
High-performance and sustainable building codes will lead to innovative
models of standardization.
Vertical Axis Wind Power
Turbines Photovoltaic Solar
Power Arrays
Electrochromic (Adjustable
Tint) Glazing
Intelligent Combined
Cooling, Heating &
Ventilation System
Regenerative Elevators, Zero VOC (Volatile
Using Less Energy Going Up Organic) Paint
& Providing Energy Going
Down
Green Roof & Water
100% Recycled Structural Reclamation System
Steel
UTC Green
Building Concept
Fuel Cell Rainwater Collection Tank
Date © Finpro 35

36. Green Building Market Sustainability
The sustainable appears to be sustainable. Green building is projected to
grow in the USA.
U.S. Green Building Materials Demand
(billion dollars)
% Growth
Item 2003 2008 2013
2008-13
Floor Coverings 11.8 22.2 29.1 5.6 Factors Driving U.S. Green
Construction Market
Concrete 6.4 9.5 14.3 8.4
1. Unprecedented level of
Roofing 6.5 9.2 10.3 2.3 government initiatives
2. Heightened residential demand
Windows 4.6 4.7 9.1 14.0 for green construction
3. Improvements in sustainable
Doors 3.3 4.2 5.4 4.9
materials.
Other 6.6 7.2 12.3 11.5 Source: U.S. Construction Overview, FMI, 2008
Total Demand 39.2 56.9 80.5 7.2
Source: Fredonia Group, 2009
Date © Finpro 36

37. Green Building Market Sustainability
So, what does the U.S. green building market want, and how do they find
out about it?
PPG Industries May 2009 Survey of U.S. Architect‟s Green Building Product Sourcing*
Most important sources of green * 612 Architects Surveyed;95%
building product information Confidence Level
Manufacturer's
Websties
76 % Ranking of most important green
building product attributes:
Internet Searches 59 % 1. Durability
2. Energy Star compliance
3. Life-cycle assessment
Manufacturer's Sales 4. No- or low-volatile organic
54 %
Representative
compound (VOC) content
5. Ability to source products
Technical Binders 46 % regionally
Source: http://corporateportal.ppg.com/PPG/Newsroom/News/20090518.htm
Date © Finpro 37

38. Conclusion
The Berkeley, California, Office of Energy & Sustainable Development
states: “Unilateral policies in small cities have a limited impact; collaborate
with other communities and local utility.”
East Bay Green Corridor
Research
Institutions Regional
Emerging Green Tech
“Cradle to Scale”
e.g., University of Companies  Regional
California at Berkeley; Strategy*
Retention of
Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory
Green Industries
 Professional  Training &  Presence
Local Linkages Workforce of Green
Government & Referrals Development
(Berkeley, Oakland, Suppliers & Services
Emeryville,  Research Space  Business
Richmond) Needs Assistance  Employment
in Emerging
 Land Use Policy  Marketing Green Jobs
Local Consumer Demand
(e.g. Berkeley FIRST Solar Financing Program)
* Refers to an incentive process that allows hi-tech startups to evolve from garage labs to full-scale manufacturing.
Date © Finpro 38

39. Conclusion
Climate action plans and advanced green building codes by the early
community adopters are as much about the localization of sustainable know-
how and intellectual capital as anything.
“For Portland to remain Cascadia Region Living Building Challenge
America‟s most sustainable Prerequisite Eight: Appropriate Materials/Services
city, we need our Sourcing Radius
entrepreneurs and engineers
to keep innovating and finding ZONE Material or Service Maximum Distance
new ways to push the
7 Ideas 20004 km
envelope of sustainability.
These projects demonstrate 6 Renewable Energy Technologies 14484 km
Portlanders‟ strong
commitment to green building Assemblies that actively contribute to
5 4828 km
building performance once installed
and sustainable site
development. Portland‟s true 4 Consultant Travel 2414 km
advantage is the creativity of
our talented green building 3 Light, low-density materials 1609 km
professionals.”
2 Medium Weight and density materials 805 km
Mayor Sam Adams
City of Portland 1 Heavy, high density materials 402 km
April 2009
Date © Finpro 39