1. SAMARKAND
TREBIZOND
ISLAHAN
BAGHDAD
CAIRO
MECCA
COCHIN
MALACCA
SURABAYA
CALCUTTA
HOOGHLY
CANTON
HANGCHOW
EDO
(TOKYO)
FOOCHOW
TRIPOLI
TUNISLISBON
LONDON
VENICE
HAMBURG
MARSEILLE
ALEXANDRIA
PARIS
ANTWERP
GENOA
CONSTANTINOPLE
SAMARKAND
CONSTANTINOPLE
SURABAYA
EUROPE
Woolens, linen,
metalware, silver,
wine, horses,
soap
CHINA
Silks, drugs,
perfumes,
porcelain,
ginger
CEYLON
Cinnamon,
precious
stones,
ivory
EAST
INDIES
Spices,
camphor
OLD SPICE
ROUTE
Spice baron's
Yale connection
E
lihu Yale, considered
to be the first-ever
American millionaire, owes
his wealth to spice trade.
Yale, who had served as the
governor of Fort St George
in Madras, made his for-
tune by dabbling in private
business (spices and dia-
monds). As he had given a
collection of books and
goods to build a col-
lege in America, the
college was named
after him. Over
the centuries, the
college has grown
into Yale University.
INDIA
Pepper, cottons,
precious
stones, sugar,
dyestuffs
109NUMBER OF PLANT
SPECIES LISTED BY THE
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION
FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO), THAT
ARE USED AS SPICES AND HERBS
52NUMBER OF SPICES BROUGHT UNDER
THE PURVIEW OF SPICES BOARD, THE
NODAL AGENCY FOR PROMOTION
OF INDIAN SPICES ABROAD
$ 12 BILLION
SIZE OF GLOBAL
SEASONING,
HERBS AND SPICES
INDUSTRY IN 2014
BLACK PEPPER
WHITE PEPPER
CARDAMOM
TURMERIC
CUMIN
CHILLI
GINGER
CELERY SEED
MUSTARD
ANISEED
ASAFOETIDA
THYME
CINNAMON
TAMARIND
TARRAGON
DILL SEED
FENNEL SEED
FENUGREEK
MACE
NUTMEG
RED PEPPER
VANILLA
SAFFRON
ROSEMARY
POPPY SEED
GARLIC
CURRY LEAF
CLOVES
LEMON GRASS
CHIVES
CORIANDER
ONION
OREGANO
PARSLEY
SHALLOTS
STAR ANISE
SZECHUAN
PEPPER
BAY LEAVES
SAGE
PAPRIKA
SAVORY
CARAWAY SEED
CHERVIL
BASIL
MINT
ALLSPICE
ANCHO CHILE
KOLA NUTS
ARROWROOT
MARJORAM
MINT FLAKES
TONGA
MALAYSIA
TAHITI
INDONESIA
SRI LANKA
THAILAND
VIETNAM
CHINA
SYRIATURKEYROMANIAGREECEPOLANDHUNGARY NETHERLANDS
CROATIA
FRANCE
SPAIN
CANADA
US
MEXICO
GUATEMALA
HONDURAS
JAMAICA
PERU
GRENADA
BRAZIL
MOROCCO
IVORY COAST
NIGERIA
ALBANIA
PAKISTAN
IRAN
UGANDA
MADAGASCAR
SEYCHELLES
COMOROS
WORLD'S
SPICE
EXPORTERS
A TWIST IN THE TRADEThe lure of an exotic dried seed from south India brought the rest
of the world to Indian shores, shaped geo-politics for centuries
and aided the formation of a global economy. The world’s love
for black pepper & other Indian spices triggered wars, resulted
in the discovery of sea routes and shaped the fortunes of towns.
Now, India’s hold over the global spice trade is receding. In 2015-
16, Vietnam exported a whopping 133,569 tonnes
of black pepper, while India managed only 28,100
tonnes, reports Shenoy Karun
US
41%
UK
8%
NETHERLANDS
5%
CANADA
3%
FRANCE
2%
GERMANY
6%
ITALY
4%
JAPAN
3%
2%
AUSTRAILA
2%
INDIA'S
PEPPER
EXPORT
INDIA
843,255
Total export
(Quantity in
tonnes, FY16)
347,500
24,800
88,500
40,100
98,700
5,800
15,320
33,300
11,635
22,500
4,050
21,150
26,550
15,350
53,800
Pepper
Cardamom (L)
Ginger
Coriander
Celery
Fenugreek
Garlic
Mint products
Tamarind
Cardamom (S)
Chilli
Turmeric
Cumin
Fennel
Spice oils & oleoresins
Nutmeg & mace
Curry powder/Paste
Other spices
133,569 SOURCE: IPC &
INDUSTRY SOURCES
1,335
17,900
1985
1995
19,536
24,541
28,100
2015
PEPPER:
VIETNAM
RISES,
INDIA
FALLS
INDIAN
SPICE
EXPORTS
GUATEMALA
JAMAICA
GRENADA
tonnes, FY16)
55
10,000 –
30,000
Serrano pepper | Pe-
ter pepper | Chile de
árbol | Aleppo pepper
| Chungyang Red
Pepper | Peperoncino
8,55,000 – 22,00,000
Komodo Dragon Chili Pepper | Trinidad Moruga Scorpion | Naga
Viper pepper | Infinity Chilli | Naga Morich | Bhut Jolokia (ghost
pepper) | Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper | Bedfordshire Super
Naga | Spanish Naga Chili | Carolina Reaper
3,50,000 – 5,80,000
Red Savina habanero
1,00,000 – 3,50,000
Habanero chili | Scotch bonnet
pepper | Datil pepper | Rocoto |
Madame Jeanette | Peruvian White
Habanero | Jamaican hot pepper |
Fatalii Wiri Wiri | Bird's eye chili
30,000 – 50,000
Guntur chilli | Cayenne pepper
| Ají pepper | Tabasco pepper |
Capsicum chinense
50,000 –
1,00,000
Byadgi chilli |
Malagueta pepper
| Chiltepin pepper |
Piri piri | Pequin pep-
per | Siling Labuyo |
Capsicum Apache
1,000 – 3,500
Gochujang | Pasilla pep-
per | Peppadew | poblano
(or ancho) | Poblano
verde | Rocotillo pepper |
Espelette pepper
100 – 1,000
Banana pepper |
Cubanelle | paprika |
PimentoBell pepper 0
3,500 – 10,000
Guajillo pepper |
Fresno pepper | Jala-
peño | Hungarian wax
pepper
SCOVILLE
SCALE
THIS SCALE WAS
DEVELOPED IN 1912 BY WILBUR
SCOVILLE TO MEASURE THE
PUNGENCY OF CHILLI PEPPERS
(WHICH DOESN’T INCLUDE
BLACK PEPPER)
*VALUES IN
SCOVILLE
HEAT UNITS
INDIA
VIETNAM
28,100
5,500
600
Graphics:
Karthic R
CAMEROON
SOURCE:
GOVERNMENT
OF INDIA
EGYPT