2. DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism is a theory on how
humans generate knowledge and
meaning from an interaction between
their experiences and their ideas.
Based on observation and scientific
study about how people learn.
It says that people construct their own
understanding and knowledge of the
world, through experiencing things and
reflecting on those experiences.
4. HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
Giambattista Immanuel
John Dewey
Vico Kant
(1859–1952)
(1668–1744) (1724–1804)
Władysław Maria
Jean Piaget
Strzemiński Montessori
(1896–1980)
(1893–1952) (1870–1952)
Heinz von Jerome
Lev Vygotsky
Foerster Bruner
(1896–1934)
(1911–2002) (1915- now)
Ernst von Paul Herbert
Glasersfeld Watzlawick Simon
(1917–2010) (1921–2007) (1916–2001)
5. HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
Jean Piaget and John Dewey developed theories of
childhood development and education, what we now call
Progressive Education, that led to the evolution of
constructivism.
Piaget believed that the logic of children and their modes
of thinking are initially entirely different from those of
adults.
Dewey called for education to be grounded in real
experience. Inquiry is a key part of constructivist learning.
Vygotsky introduced the social aspect of learning into
constructivism. He defined the zone of proximal development.
Bruner initiated curriculum change based on the notion that
learning is an active, social process in which students construct
new ideas or concepts based on their current knowledge.
7. TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM CONSTRUCTIVISM CLASSROOM
Curriculum begins with the parts of the whole. Curriculum emphasizes big concepts, beginning
Emphasizes basic skills. with the whole and expanding to include the parts.
Strict adherence to fixed curriculum is highly valued. Pursuit of student questions and interests is valued.
Materials are primarily textbooks and workbooks. Materials include primary sources of material and
manipulative materials.
Learning is based on repetition. Learning is interactive, building on what the student
already knows.
Teachers disseminate information to students; Teachers have a dialogue with students, helping
students are recipients of knowledge. students construct their own knowledge.
Teacher's role is directive, rooted in authority. Teacher's role is interactive, rooted in negotiation.
Assessment is through testing, correct answers. Assessment includes student works, observations,
and points of view, as well as tests. Process is as
important as product.
Knowledge is seen as inert. Knowledge is seen as dynamic, ever changing with
our experiences.
Students work primarily alone. Students work primarily in groups.
9. Constructed
Previous
knowledge is the
raw material to
create new Active
Evolving knowledge Students
Students compare participate in
new knowledge learning activities
with their prior
knowledge
Methods of
Constructivism
Reflective
Inquiry based
Students reflect
Ask questions,
their prior
investigate a
Collaborative knowledge &
topic, and use to
Students review & experience
find solutions and
answers. reflect learning
process among
another
11. Students learn
more and enjoy
learning
Learning process
Promotes social be meaningful
and because
communication concentrates on
skills among thinking, instead of
students rote memorization.
Advantages of
Constructivism
Students can Students can use
develope abilities the same
to retain and knowledge of
transfer the new thinking with other
knowledge to real field of
life. knowledge.
13. Not convenient
with poor students
who lack such Do not always
resources. actively construct
Lead to meaning and
misunderstanding building an
and unsure appropriate
knowledge. knowledge
structure
Disadvantages
of Constructivism
Not involve all
Require a lot of students ‘s voices
resources and when doing
time. discussion.
