This presentation explains the Semantic Web technologies and BIBFRAME, the future bibliographic display standard

1. New Directions in Information Organization-A
Linked Data Model with BIBFRAME
XI International Conference on University Libraries
National Autonomous University of Mexico
Mexico City
Nov. 6-8, 2013
Dr. Sharon Q. Yang
Associate Professor/Systems Librarian
Rider University, NJ, USA

2. Many Ways and Parts to Organize
Information/knowledge
• The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
• Library of Congress Classification (LCC)
• Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
• Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR2)
• Describing Archives: A Content Standard, Second
Edition (DACS)
• Visual Resource Association Core (VRA)
• Resource Description and Access (RDA)
• BIBFRAME
• Linked Data model
• More…

3. RDA, BIBFRAME, & Linked Data Model
• Three pieces are closely related.
• RDA gets bibliographic data ready for Linked
Data/the Semantic Web.
• BIBFRAME is an abbreviated name for LC
Bibliographic Framework Initiative.
• BIBFRAME will be the new data presentation
standard (MARC is for displaying library data,
not for linking)
• BIBFRAME is a Linked Data model.

4. BIBFRAME
• Zepheira headed by Eric Miller has been working with
LC on the BIBFRAME project
to replace MARC.
• Eric Miller has both library and
Semantic Web experience.
• The progress can be monitored at the official website
http://www.bibframe.org.
Photo from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-TD4jTWn3U

5. What Does BIBFRAME Do?
Data
Cataloged
with
RDA/FRBR
Existing
MARC
Records
BIBFRAME/linked
data, part of the
Web

6. What Do We Know about BIBFRAME?
• A totally new bibliographic environment
• Robust enough to convert the past 40 years of MARC
records
• Flexible enough to deal with the future information
organization (New formats of information and
requirements of more communities )
• Not only for libraries and other memory organizations
such as archives, museums, publishers, big data, but a
wider range of communities

7. More on BIBFRAME
• Data elements-atomistic elements, each of which contains one type
of information.
• Recombinant data-assemble the data in any way a community
wants (think about legos).
• Community profiles-allow any individual community to create
their data that makes sense to them.
• Connect/link data among the communities.
• Value added-Create new data with new meanings from existing
data, small building blocks to larger building blocks.
• Data are reusable.
• Part of the Web, not on the Web.

8. BIBFRAME Structure
• Creative work-A resource reflecting a conceptual essence of the
cataloging item
• Instance-A resource reflecting an individual, material embodiment of
the work
• Authority-A resource reflecting key authority concepts that have
defined relationships reflected in the Work and Instance. Examples
of Authority Resources include
People, Places, Topics, Organizations, etc.
• Annotation-A resource that decorates other BIBFRAME resources
with additional information (Library Holdings information, cover art
and reviews) (http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf)

11. Linked Data?
“A term used to describe a recommended best practice for
exposing, sharing, connecting, pieces of data, information,
and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and
RDF.” (http://www.niso.org/news/events/2013/dcmi/bibframework)
The Semantic Web is based on Linked Data. Two words
are used interchangeably by us.
URI and RDF?

12. What Is Linked Data Model/Semantic Web?
• A vision by Tim Berners-Lee, Director
of World Wide Web Consortium, in
late 1999
• Web 3.0, the Semantic Web, Giant Global Graph,
• Web of linked ata, a web of data
• An extension of current Web, not a replacement
• “A web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by
machines” –Tim Berners-Lee
*Photo of Tim Berners-Lee in 2005 from Wikipedia

13. Three Things to Remember about Linked Data
Model/the Semantic Web
1. Machines understand/process data
2. Entity relationships (RDA is also about entity relationships)
– Relationships among humans and things
– properties of humans and things (attributes and values)
3. A Web of linked data vs. a Web of linked documents

14. A Word May Have Many Meanings…
• I love Boston-Which of the 26 Bostons in the world?
• UC Berkeley –People write it in 50 different ways on the
Internet (Metaweb Inc . at http://wiki.freebase.com/wiki/Main_Page)
• A single entity
• A single entity vs. text of different meanings and
spellings
• A single entity is a thing, place, person, concept, object
or anything

15. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
• An entity may be represented by URI in Linked Data
model
• An entity is also called a resource
• Examples of URI from LCSH in SKOS
– Example of URI - Shakespeare
– Example of URI – 911 Terrorist attacks
– Example of URI- Semantic Web
• URI is the first important building block in linking data

16. Resource Description Framework (RDF)-Entity
Relationship Model
RDF statements are often referred to as “triples” that consist of a
subject, predicate, and object, which correspond to a resource
(subject), a property (predicate), and a property value (object).

17. RDF Triples
• Subject – an entity (URI)
• Predicate -property or attribute (URI)
• Object – a property value (can be a URI or text)
• Examples:
– New York-- is place of publication of --Raintree County
– Viking Penguin-- is publisher of --Raintree County
– 1994-- is date of publication of-- Raintree County (Caren Koyle “Library
Data in the Web World”)
– T-shirt –color-red
• Languages: RDF/XMS, N3, Turtle, N-Triples, Json

18. RDF/XML
”The Secret Agent” is written by Joseph Conrad
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:lib="http://www.zvon.org/library">
<rdf:Description about="The Secret Agent">
<lib:creator>Joseph Conrad</lib:creator>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
Is created by
RDF Tutorial at http://zvon.org/xxl/RDFTutorial/General/contents.html
http://library.rider.edu/bo
oks/TheSecretAgent http://www.nndb.com/JosephConra
d

19. Silos
MySQl
MSSQL
Oracle

20. Interoperability and Cross Domain
Sharing
Shared Base
Ontology and
Common
Vocabulary
Database 1 Database 2 Database 3

21. Vocabularies and Ontologies
• Vocabulary - A collection of terms given a well-
defined meaning that is consistent across contexts.
• Ontology - Allows you to define contextual
relationships behind a defined vocabulary. It is the
cornerstone of defining a knowledge domain. (Semantic
Modeling Tutorial at www.linkeddatatools.com)

22. Semantic Web Ontologies
• “An ontology is a formal specification of a shared conceptualization”1
• “the success of the semantic Web depends predominantly on the
proliferation of ontologies…” 2
• Different domain has different ontology
• Ontologies are written in Web Ontology Language (OWL) and
RDFS (RDF Schema) and others.
1. Tom Gruber at http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html
2. Kaushal Girl “Role of Ontology in Semantic Web”

23. Finished Ontologies

24. What Do We Really Want?
1. Get all the bib data in RDF
statements
2. Link them by entity relationships
3. Share vocabularies and ontologies
with other communities
4. Be part of the Semantic Web, not in
library silo

25. Examples
• LCSH in SKOS Or OCLC FAST
• OCLC Worldcat
• BIBFRAME
• Google
• Friend of a Friend (FOAF)

26. The Biggest Challenge
Decompose/convert the existing MARC into
RDF statements

27. Thank You
yangs@rider.edu