Land use distribution and transportation both are very important issue for Dhaka city in recent period. To relate these two issues with each other is also a very effective job but a difficult one indeed. This study intends to find out the impact of different land use changes on the transportation system of Dhaka city. One of the most important roads of Dhaka city, Mirpur Road has been taken to understand and to analyze for this study. This study will help to take significant decisions and generate proper policies in transportation sector. It will also contribute to the attempts of combining land use planning and transportation planning. By assessing the land use change impact on transportation system, traffic management, congestion control and improvement of road network will be possible to make
Impact of Different Types of Land Use on Transportation System of Dhaka City : A Case Study of Mirpur Road
1. Impact of Different Types of Land Use on
Transportation System of Dhaka City:
A Case Study of Mirpur Road and Its Adjacent Land Uses
Presented by : Shancharpath
Rifat Rahman
(06 15 005)
Nabila Nur Kuhu
(06 15 009)
Shahadat Hossain Shakil
(06 15 020)
Khaled Bin Abdul Quader
(06 15 030)
2. Study Area Profile
Mirpur Road (BRTC Market-Technical)
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Section-7
One of the Busiest Mirpur RoadCity
End Section of Road of the
-Mirpur Road
Almost Linear in Shape
Length : 1.05 km
Dual Carriageway
1 Major Intersection – Technical Intersection
Length : 8.05 km (Azimpur to Gabtoli)
7.40 km (Azimpur to Technical)
High Traffic Congestion in the Peak Period
Source: GIS Database, Sheltech (Pvt.) Ltd. (Consultancy Division) Ltd. (Consultancy Division)
Source: GIS Database, Sheltech (Pvt.)
Source: MediaFire; URL: http://www.mediafire.com/?zzmk4fkmnoiyzkj; Retrieved On: 27th April,2010
3. Objectives
To explore the current pattern of land use distribution and traffic condition.
To identify the trip rate for different types of land use.
Identifying the impact of land use change on transportation system.
4. Methodology
Project Identification and Selection of Study Area
Literature Review
Fixation of the Objectives
Data Collection
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Geometric Feature Survey of the Road
Base Map Collection
Roadside Land Use Survey
Cross-Sectional Element Data of Road
Trip Rate Analysis & Modal Share Survey
Previous Land Use Distribution Data
Traffic Volume Survey
Previous Traffic Volume Data
Journey and Spot Speed Survey
Previous Speed Data
Data Compilation
Exploring the Current Land Use Pattern and Traffic Condition
Trip Rate Calculation for Different Types of Land Use
Impact Analysis for Land Use Change
Major Findings and Recommendations
Preparation of the Final Report
5. Present Traffic Condition and Land Use Pattern
Traffic Condition:
Capacity
Geometric Features
Ele
me
nts
Av
Elements
Maximum(ft)
Average(ft)
Right of Direction
way
era
t)
101.45
Mi
41.2
Av. Carriageway Width(feet)
Lane width
11.26
(S-N)
ni
Ma
xim
Carriage way
Minimum(ft)
ge(f
m(f
(N-S)
61.5
mu
um
130.1
t)
(ft)
40.94
Rig
101.
130
ht
45
.1
52
6
1.
of
5
wa
23
23.5
41.46
9
y
Capacity(PCU/Hour)
Median
4.6
Ca
41.2
rri
4895.124 11.3
52
age
Foot path
-Assuming 12’ as Per Lane Width
NMT lane
7.78
4928.02
2.1
5
wa
15.75
11.2
ne
23
6
2.5
54
y
La
24.58
2
3.
16
9
wid
th
-Design Capacity of Urban Arterial Road is 1400 PCU/Lane/Hour According to DITS (1994)
•Total 62 intersections (43-T intersection; 7-Y intersection; 12 - 4 leg intersection)
Me
4.6
11.
2.
3
1
15.
2.
75
dia
5
54
1
n
Foo 7.78
•18-signalized and others un-signalized
t
pat
h
N
•7 foot over bridges
24.5
M
8
6
T
lan
e
Source: Field Survey, 2011
Source: Field Survey, 2011
6. Present Traffic Condition and Land Use Pattern(Contd..)
Traffic Condition:
Traffic Condition:
Volume
Modal Share
Ele
Volume (PCU/ Hour)
me
nts
Direction
Av
Peak
era
Off-Peak
Average
1279.11
1735.33
1620.31
ge(f
2149.33
3399.99
4621.97
t)
North bound
2083.62
Mi
2437.89
ni
xim
South bound
Ma
mu
um
m(f
t)
(ft)
Rig
5351.53
130
6
ht
Both Side(Av.)
101.
45
.1
1.
of
5
wa
y
Ca
41.2
52
2
rri
3.
age
5
wa
y
La
11.2
ne
6
23
9
11.
2.
3
1
15.
2.
75
5
54
1
wid
th
Me
4.6
dia
n
Foo 7.78
t
pat
h
N
24.5
M
8
6
T
lan
e
Source: Field Survey, 2011
7. Present Traffic Condition and Land Use Pattern(Contd..)
Traffic Condition:
Traffic Condition:
Level
Speed – Spot Speed of Service Comparison for Journey Speed
Speed – Journey Speed
Journey Speed Comparision
Direction(Northbound)
Spot Speed Comparision
30
27.86
45
Year
Speed
Level of Service
38.25
40
25
2003
14.45 21
F
35
32.5
18.4
20
2006 17.20
27.86
D
15.94
27.685
30
14.45
25.575
15
2011
15.94
E
25
10
Source:
20
Direction(Southbound)
5
15
Year
Speed
10
0
2003
17.20
Journey Speed-2003(K.P.H)
Journey Speed-2006(K.P.H)
5
0
2006
21 Southbound
Northbound
Bus
2011
18.4
Level of Service
E
Journey Speed-2011(K.P.H)
E
Car
E
•Impacts of Policy Measures on Urban Transportation System: A Case Study of Mirpur Road; (2003), Report of Group-“Motion”, Transportation
Speed-2003(K.P.H)
Speed-2011(K.P.H)
Planning Studio (PLAN 342), DURP Library, BUET, Dhaka.
Source:
•Performance Impact of Transportation Policy Shift on Mirpur Road – A Comparative Analysis; (2006), Report of Group-(01,04), Transportation
•Impacts of Policy Measures on Urban Transportation System: A Case Study of Mirpur Road; (2003), Report of Group-“Motion”, Transportation
Planning Studio (PLAN 342), DURP Library, BUET, Dhaka.
Planning Studio (PLAN 342), DURP Library, BUET, Dhaka.
•Field Survey, 2011
•Field Survey, 2011
8. Present Traffic Condition and Land Use Pattern(Contd..)
Land Use Pattern(2011):
Land Use Change(2007-2011):
Mirpur Road
Mirpur Road
Under Construction
1.46
Residential
-26.50
0%
Commercial
15%
Others
10.68
Education & Research
Office
6.98
Garments
Mixed 10% 1.93
Hospital
Mixed
Hospital
6.79
5%
Office
Garments 3% 2.29
Others
Education & Research
13%
Residential
Commercial
1%
Under construction
-30.00
-20.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00
Change Percentage(%)
27%
18.24
26%
20.00
25.11
30.00
Source: Field Survey, 2011
Source: Field Survey, 2011; GIS Database 2007,Sheltech (Pvt.) Limited
9. Present Traffic Condition and Land Use Pattern(Contd..)
Land Use Pattern(2011):
Land Use Change(2007-2011):
Section-7: BRTC Market-Technical
Section-7: BRTC Market-Technical
11%
Others
-4.07
4%
0% Garments
12%
Office
3.45
Residential
21%
Education & Research
17.51
Hospital
2.72
Office
59.11
Garments
25%
Commercial Activity
-20.00
Residential
0.00
Hospital
Education & Research
Commercial Activity
27%
13.15
0.00
20.00
Others
40.00
Change Percentage(%)
60.00
80.00
Source: Field Survey,2011
Source: Field Survey, 2011;GIS Database 2007,Sheltech (Pvt.) Limited
10. Trip Rate Calculation
Land Use Type
No. of Sample Surveyed
Highest Hourly Trip Rate
(Per 1000 sq.ft.)
Commercial
5
6.09
Residential
4
1.11
Educational
3
95.98/1000 Student
Hospital
3
13.31
Office
3
8.66
Garments
2
37.77
Total 8 Hour Survey Conducted for Every Sample of All Land Use Type
Source: Field Survey,2011
11. Trip Rate Calculation(Contd..)
Land Use Change Traffic
Land Use Change Traffic(PCU/Hr)
Land Use Change Traffic(PCU/Hr)
Calculation Procedure
Mirpur Road
Section-7(BRTC Market-Technical)
1600
Changed
Person 1445.45
Modal
Trip Rate
Area
-“Educational”
-“Educational”
and “Others”
and “Others”
isis excluded
excluded
from the
from the
calculation
calculation
Trip
1400
400.00
1200
350.00
300.00
1000
250.00
200.00
800
150.00
600
100.00
50.00
400
0.00
200
0
-200
-400
Occupancy
No. of
Total 2628.05 (PCU/Hr)
Rate
Vehicles
Total 594.66 (PCU/Hr)
365.07
Share(%)
Vehicle
Trip
PCE
Value
PCU/Hr
Total
869.68
123.68
93.63
514.72
12.28
Commercial Residential
Activity
Hospital 50.14
Garments
Commercial Residential Hospital
-251.94
Garments
Office
12. Trip Rate Calculation(Contd..)
Forecasting Traffic Volume for 2013 (Section-7: BRTC Market-Technical)
-Forecasted VolumeAnnual Growth Rate
- Derivation of the
Traffic Volume(PCU/Hr)
Forecasted
6000
Present
Increased
Peak Hourly
Peak Hourly
Annual Growth
Forecasted
Increase in
Annual (from
Volume-2011
Volume
5000
Rate for 2 years
Volume for 2013
Volume
Volume
Growth Rate (%)
(PCU/Hr) 5 Years
growth rate)
Mode
Growth
(2006)
(2011)4000
for 2013
3000
1
2
3=(2*1)
4=(1+3)
2000
5021
5226.7
205.7
41.14
Car
1104.14
18.093
1122.23
1000 93.55
Microbus
1.53
95.083
Office Vehicle
0.19
12.10
0 11.91
2009
Taxi
59.13 2006
0.96 2011
60.10
Peak CNG Volume(PCU/Hr)
Hourly
4826.5
386.66 5021
6.33 5226.7
393
Off-Peak Hourly
Bus
2121.72 (0.82*2)/100
34.76
2156.49
4103
4075.1
3338.3
Volume(PCU/Hr)
School Bus
0.73
0.01
0.74
=
Average Hourly
Human
0.016
4632.8
4460
3997.4
Volume(PCU/Hr)
Hauler
45.27
0.74
46.01
Source:
Motorcycle
166.91
2.73
169.64
Performance Impact of Transportation Policy Shift on Mirpur Road – A Comparative Analysis; (2006), Report of Group-(01,04), Transportation
Rickshaw
1153.10
18.89
1172
Planning Studio (PLAN 342), DURP Bicycle BUET, Dhaka.
Library,
83.54
1.36
84.91
DTCB-2009 Volume Data
Total
5312.35
5226.7
85.65
Field Survey,2011
0.82
13. Trip Rate Calculation(Contd..)
Forecasting Development Traffic in 2013 (Section-7: BRTC Market-Technical)
- Total PCU Generated from the Under Construction Commercial Complex in 2013
Trip Rate-In Peak
(Per 1000 sq.ft./Per Hr. )
Area (sq.ft.)
195866.43
Area (sq.ft.)
195866.432
Trip Rate-In Peak
(Per 1 sq.ft./Per Hr. )
6.09
Trip Rate-In Peak
(Per 1000 sq.ft/Per Hr. )
6.09
Total Person
Trip(Per Hr.)
0.00609
Trip Rate-In Peak
(Per 1 sq.ft/Per Hr. )
0.00609
Total PCU/Hr
1193.31
Total Person Trip(Per Hr.)
1193.314712
331.08
14. Land Use Change Impact
Impact for Land Use Change (Mirpur Road)
Impact for Land Use Change (BRTC Market-Technical)
Impact for Development Traffic in 2013 (BRTC Market-Technical)
15. Land Use Change Impact(Contd..)
Impact for Land Use Change (Mirpur Road)
Capacity of Mirpur Road (Azimpur – Technical)
Direction
Bothway
Average
Carriageway
Width(feet)
82.4
No. of lanes
(Assuming 12’ as Per
Lane Width)
6.867
Standard
Capacity/Lane
(PCU/Hr)
1400
Total Capacity
(PCU/Hr)
6.867*1400 =
9613.33
Source: Field Survey 2011
Comparison of LOS for Land Use Change (for Peak Hourly Traffic Flow)
Traffic
Volume
Year 2006
Year 2011
(without Landuse
Change Traffic)
Estimated
Capacity
(PCU/hr)
4995.35
(PCU/hr)
(5351.53
-2703.77)
= 2647.76
Year 2011
( with Landuse
Change Traffic)
5351.53
V/C ratio
(Traffic Volume/Capacity)
Level of Service
(LOS)
0.52
A
0.28
A
0.54
A
9613.33
16. Land Use Change Impact(Contd..)
Impact for Land Use Change (BRTC Market-Technical)
Capacity of Section-7 (BRTC Market – Technical)
Direction
Average
No. of lanes
Carriageway
(Assuming 12’ as Per Capacity/Lane
Width(feet)
Lane Width)
Bothway
81.82
6.818
Standard
Total Capacity
(PCU/Hr)
(PCU/Hr)
1400
6.818*1400 = 9545.67
Source: Field Survey 2011
Comparison of LOS for Land Use Change (for Peak Hourly Traffic Flow)
Traffic
Volume
Year 2006
Year 2011
(without Landuse
Change Traffic)
Estimated
Capacity
(PCU/hr)
5021
(PCU/hr)
(5226.7594.7)
= 4632
Year 2011
( with Landuse
Change Traffic)
5226.7
V/C ratio
(Traffic volume/Capacity)
Level of
Service (LOS)
0.53
A
0.485
A
0.55
A
9545.67
17. Land Use Change Impact(Contd..)
Impact for Development Traffic in 2013 (BRTC Market-Technical)
Impact on LOS in 2013 for New Construction
Traffic Volume
(PCU/hr)
Year 2011
Year 2013
(without
Development
Traffic)
Estimated
Capacity
(PCU/hr)
V/C ratio
(Traffic volume/Capacity)
Level of
Service (LOS)
5226.7
0.55
A
5312.3
0.56
A
0.59
A
9545.67
Year 2013
( with
Development
Traffic)
(5312.3+331.1)
=5643.4
18. Major Findings
The average carriage way width of the road is 82.4 which is quite
satisfactory but the peak hourly traffic volume 5351.53 PCU is quite high.
Journey Speed and Spot Speed is deteriorating over the period.
Commercial and Educational land use change is in the dominating position
and Residential land use change is in a negative trend.
Peak hourly traffic volume from the land use is dominated by the
commercial land uses(1445.45 PCU/hr)
The vehicle capacity ratio (v/c) is increasing over the time which indicates
deterioration of the road condition according to the standards of the LOS.
19. Recommendations
Commercial land uses act as the major point of traffic generation and
attraction for this road, there should be strong restrictions, regulations and
guidelines for establishing any kind of new commercial land use along this
road.
Garments and Educational land use generate and attract a huge amount of
traffic at a specific time which creates a huge pressure on the road in a
certain time period. The establishment of any new Garments and
Educational institution should be strictly prohibited on this road to reduce
the peak hourly traffic flow.
20. References
• Sharmin N. Rupom N. J. and Sadat K.(2011) Developing a Generic Methodology for Traffic Impact Assessment of a Mixed land Use in
Dhaka City, (2011), Chapter (1-8), BURP Thesis of Group-02, DURP, BUET, Dhaka.
•Performance Impact of Transportation Policy Shift on Mirpur Road – A Comparative Analysis; (2006), Report of Group-(01,04),
Transportation Planning Studio (PLAN 342), DURP Library, BUET, Dhaka.
•Impacts of Policy Measures on Urban Transportation System: A Case Study of Mirpur Road; (2003), Report of Group-“Motion”,
Transportation Planning Studio (PLAN 342), DURP Library, BUET, Dhaka.
•Mitra, R. (2004), Land Use- Transportation Cycle Reexamined: A Case Study of Land Use Changes in Dhanmondi R/A and its Impacts on
Mirpur Road, World Habitat Day 2004 Souvenir, Centre for Urban Studies (CUS) and Bangladesh Institute of Planners (BIP), Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
•Rahman M. M. (2006), “Study of parking Facility for the New Market Shopping Zone in Dhaka City ” Unpublished MURP Thesis,
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka.
•Kadiyali L.R. (2003), “Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning” Sixth Edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.(page: 823-828)