5. ⢠Many different designs have been
manufactured
⢠Patients usually uses brushes selected on
the basis of cost, availability, advertising
claims, family tradition, or habit
⢠Because of the variety in shapes, sizes,
textures, and other characteristics
⢠Dental professionals must become familiar
with the many available products to advise
patients appropriately
6. Characteristics of an effective
toothbrush
⢠Conforms to individual patient
requirements
⢠Easily and efficiently manipulated
⢠Is readily cleaned
⢠Is durable and inexpensive
⢠Flexible, soft, and of strength, rigidity and
lightness of the handle
⢠Has end rounded filaments or bristles
7.
8. I. Influencing factors
⢠Patient
⢠Gingiva
⢠Position of teeth
⢠Shape of teeth and exposed roots
⢠Personal preferences
⢠Method selected
9. II. Toothbrush size and shape
Must be able to adapt to all facial,
lingual, palatal, and occlusal
surfaces for bacterial plaque
removal
10. III. Soft nylon brush
⢠More effective in cleaning the
cervical area
⢠Less traumatic to the gingival tissue
⢠Can be directed into the sulcus and
interproximal areas
⢠Applicable around fixed orthodontic
appliances
11. ⢠Prevention of tooth abrasion
and/or gingival recession
⢠More effective use for sensitive
gingiva in severe gingivitis,
ANUG, or during healing stages
12.
13. ⢠Complete tooth brushing instruction for
patients involves teaching;
⢠What, when, where and how
⢠The grasp of the brush
⢠The sequence and amount of brushing
⢠Supplementary brushing for occlusal
surfaces and the tongue
⢠Effect from improper brushing
⢠Care of the tooth brushings
14.
15. ⢠The emphasis in patient education
should be placed on complete plaque
control rather than on number of
brushing
⢠At least two brushing with
interdental cleaning is recommended
for control of bacterial plaque and
halitosis prevention
⢠A night brushing before bed time
should be encouraged
19. Purpose and indications
⢠For bacterial plaque removal
adjacent to and directly beneath the
gingival margin
⢠For open inter proximal areas,
cervical areas and exposed root
surfaces
⢠For adaptation to abutment teeth,
under the gingival border of a fixed
partial denture and orthodontic
appliances
20. Problems
⢠Change the very short strokes
into vigorous scrub that causes
injury to the gingival margin
⢠Dexterity requirement may be
too high for certain patients
21. ⢠Two brushes for home use and a third
in a portable container for use at work
⢠Frequent replacement recommended
⢠Brushes should be replaced before
filaments become splayed, frayed or
lose resiliency
⢠Clean thoroughly after each use
⢠Brushes should be kept in open air with
head in an upright position, apart from
contact with other brushes.
22.
23. Purpose and indications
⢠Cleaning gingiva and bacterial
plaque without emphasis on gingival
sulcus
⢠Meant for children
⢠Useful in preparatory instruction for
Modified Stillman method
24. Problems
⢠Brushing too high during initial
placement can lacerate the alveolar
mucosa
⢠Use too quickly results in no brushing
for the cervical third of the tooth
⢠Brush with filaments tip directed into
gingiva causes gingival laceration
25.
26. Purpose and indications
⢠Bacterial plaque removal from
cervical areas and exposed proximal
surfaces
⢠General application for cleaning
tooth surfaces and massage of the
gingiva
27. Problems
⢠Without careful placement and using a
brush with end-rounded filaments, tissue
laceration can result.
⢠Light pressure is needed
⢠Patient may try to move the brush too
quickly and the vibratory effect may be
ineffective at the gingival margin
28.
29. Purpose and indications
⢠Loosen debris and bacterial plaque
⢠Massage and stimulate marginal and
interdental gingiva
⢠Removes plaque from proximal
areas
⢠Adapt to cervical areas and to
exposed root surfaces
⢠Cleanse orthodontic appliance
30. Problems
⢠Brush end do not engage the gingival
sulcus to remove subgingival bacterial
plaque accumulation
⢠In some areas, the correct brush
placement is limited or impossible
⢠Requirements in digital dexterity are
high
31.
32. ⢠Electrical tooth brushes are equally
effective in removing plaque, prevent
calculus, and reduce the incidence of
gingivitis to the manual tooth
brushes
⢠The motion of the brush varies from
rotational, counter-rotational and
oscillating counter- rotational
⢠The speed varies from low to high
among the different models
33. Purpose and indications
⢠To facilitate mechanical bacterial
plaque removal
⢠Especially helpful for people who
lack the manual dexterity
⢠Patients with special dental
treatment
34.
35. Problem areas
⢠Facially displaced teeth
⢠Inclined teeth
⢠Exposed roots
⢠Overlapped teeth or wide embrasures
⢠Surface of teeth next to edentulous area
⢠Exposed furcation area
⢠Right canine and lateral incisor
⢠Distal surfaces of most posterior teeth
36.
37. Objectives
⢠Loosen plaque microorganisms packed
in pits and fissures
⢠Removes plaque deposit from occlusal
surfaces of teeth out of occlusion or not
used during mastication
⢠Remove plaque from margins of
restorations
⢠Clean pits and fissures to prepare for
sealants
38.
39. Total mouth cleanliness includes
tongue care
⢠Microorganisms of the tongue
⢠Effects of cleaning the tongue
⢠Brushing procedures
⢠Tongue scraper
40.
41. ⢠Acute oral inflammation or
traumatic lesion
⢠Following periodontal surgery
⢠Acute stage of ANUG
⢠Following dental extraction
⢠Following dental restoration
42.
43. ⢠Two brushes for home use and a third
in a portable container for use at work
⢠Frequent replacement recommended
⢠Brushes should be replaced before
filaments become splayed, frayed or
lose resiliency
⢠Clean thoroughly after each use
⢠Brushes should be kept in open air with
head in an upright position, apart from
contact with other brushes.