Pundit: Semantically Structured Annotations for Web Contents and Digital Libraries

SDA 2012
Semantic Digital Archives

PUNDIT: SEMANTICALLY STRUCTURED
ANNOTATIONS FOR WEB CONTENTS
AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES
Marco Grassi(1), Christian Morbidoni(2), Michele Nucci(3),
Simone Fonda(4), Giovanni Ledda(5)

Semedia
(Semantic Web and Multimedia)
http://semedia.dii.univpm.it www.netseven.it/

(1,2,3,5) DII - Department of Information Engineering. Polytechnic University of Le Marche, Ancona, Italy
(4) - NET7 srl

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

THE WEB SCENARIO
• Annotating web content has become a
common task
• Comments and tags are widely supported by
mainstream application
• Many tools to bookmark, highlight, comment
web page fragments
• Some tools support collaborative annotations

• Web content annotations are beneficial:
• More engaging and productive user experience
• Exploit social engagement to improve resource
ranking, classification

SDA 2012 Pundit: Semantically Structured Annotations for Web Contents... m.grassi@univpm.it

DL SCENARIO
• Digital Libraries (DL) are no longer simple “expositions” of digital objects but
provide users with more interaction Experts

Create Contents
Add Content Add Annotations

Experts

on
Digital Library

cti
Consume Commenting
Contents

ra
Tagging Linking

te
Create Contents Consume

Expert model Contents

rI n
Digital Library

se
Experts

U
Consume Commenting Users
Contents

Crowdsourcing
Tagging Linking
Consume
Contents
Create Contents

Digital Library

Users
Consume Contents

Social Engagement
Users

• Crowdsourcing experiments for enriching DL, curating contents or uploading digital
material of interest for the DL (BBC WW2 People’s War, …)


WHAT’S MISSING? ...
• Most of existing annotation tools are
usually limited to simple textual tags and Orange?
comments.

• limitation due to the ambiguity of natural
language

• their semantic is not machine interpretable

Limitation in the efﬁciency of resource classiﬁcation and retrieval and in the
possibility to reuse these annotations in other context


SEMANTICALLY STRUCTURED
ANNOTATIONS
• Semantically structured annotations to make smart use of such added
knowledge:
• Unambiguously express semantics to be processed by software agents:
• annotations can be harvested periodically and publish back
• used by recommender systems or search engines,
• ...
• Enhance Digital Libraries capabilities
• improving browsing
• enabling automatic content classiﬁcation
• ...
• Reuse such a collaborative knowledge in different contexts and by different
applications


ANNOTATIONS

User should be able to create knowledge graphs where web content
fragments, concepts and entities are meaningfully connected.


ANNOTATIONS
• Rely on controlled vocabularies and ontologies
• share the same terminology and “talk about the same things”
• annotations can be meaningfully mashed-up
• Link to the emerging Web of Data
• a software can automatically get additional, useful semantic data (e.g. date and place of
birth, pictures, citations, multi-language data)

Augmenting the information
of the annotation and of the
original content to support
smarter application behaviors!

Ex. We have discovered that the two
images contain american ﬁlm actors
showing anger emotion!


• Pundit is a novel semantic annotation tool:

Semedia (Semantic Web and Multimedia)
http://semedia.dii.univpm.it
• developed by: with the collaboration of NET7

Semlib Project Eu Project
• funded by: http://semedia.dii.univpm.it

• supported and
further developed in: DM2E EU Project AGORA EU Project
http://dm2e.edu/ http://project-agora.eu/


SEMLIB PROJECT
Semlib Project
Semantic Web Tools for DL
http://www.semlibproject.eu/
• R&D project supported by EU FP7 Theme: Research for SMEs (no. FP7-SME -2010-01- 262301 -
SEMLIB)
• 24 months (commenced in January 2011, currently at month 19)

www.semedia.dii.univpm.it/ www.deri.ie/

www.in-two.com www.liberologico.com/ www.knowledgehives.com/ www.netseven.it/


ANNOTATION MODEL
• Based on Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC) ontology
(currently working to provide full compliancy with OA)

Contextual Information


ANNOTATION MODEL


Annotation Content


ANNOTATION MODEL

Semantically Structured Content


Annotation Content


ANNOTATION MODEL

SPARQL support to query
slices of knowledge

Named Graph


Annotation Content


NAMED GRAPHS AS BODIES
...allow to keep separated statements belonging to different annotations...
2011-01-27 10:30:56 2011-09-27 11:43:12

ex:MarcoGrassi Annotation 1 Annotation 2
ex:MarcoGrassi
dcterms:created dcterms:created

dcterms:creator
rdfs:label rdfs:label
dcterms:creator
An example annotation showing the Another annotation whose content can be
annotation model merged with the former one
oac:Annotation
rdfs:comment rdfs:comment
a
ex:ANNOTATION-ID-1 ex:ANNOTATION-ID-2

ex:ANNOTATION-GRAPH-ID-1 ex:ANNOTATION-GRAPH-ID-2
http://example.com/
oac:hasBody oac:hasBody
mypage.htm#textFragment
http://example.com/ http://example.com/ 2
mypage.htm#textFragment 1.htm
semlib:hasSimilarContent

oac:hasTarget semlib:mentionsPeriod rdfs:label a
rdfs:label http://example.com/
http://example.com/ semlib:Renassance
oac:hasTarget
Fragment: Dante
semlib:mentionPeriod Alighieri life has oac:hasTarget
semlib:mentionsAuthor been.. oac:Annotation
Fragment: Durante gli
Alighieri... semlib:talksAbout

semlin:Renassance http://example.com/
semlib:DanteAlighieri mypage.htm#textFragment2
http://example.com/
semlib:depicts
img1.jpeg semlib:Politics
http://example.com/
img1.jpeg


NAMED GRAPHS AS BODIES
...allow to keep separated statements belonging to different annotations...
2011-01-27 10:30:56 2011-09-27 11:43:12

ex:MarcoGrassi Annotation 1 Annotation 2
ex:MarcoGrassi
dcterms:created dcterms:created

dcterms:creator
rdfs:label rdfs:label
dcterms:creator
An example annotation showing the Another annotation whose content can be
annotation model merged with the former one
oac:Annotation
rdfs:comment rdfs:comment
a
ex:ANNOTATION-ID-1 ex:ANNOTATION-ID-2

ex:ANNOTATION-GRAPH-ID-1 ex:ANNOTATION-GRAPH-ID-2
http://example.com/
oac:hasBody oac:hasBody
http://example.com/ http://example.com/ 2
mypage.htm#textFragment 1.htm

oac:hasTarget semlib:mentionsPeriod rdfs:label a
rdfs:label http://example.com/
http://example.com/ semlib:Renassance
oac:hasTarget
Fragment: Dante
semlib:mentionPeriod Alighieri life has oac:hasTarget
semlib:mentionsAuthor been.. oac:Annotation
Alighieri... semlib:talksAbout

semlin:Renassance http://example.com/
semlib:DanteAlighieri mypage.htm#textFragment2
http://example.com/
semlib:depicts
img1.jpeg semlib:Politics
http://example.com/
img1.jpeg

http://example.com/
mypage.htm#textFragment Fragment: Dante
rdfs:label Alighieri life has
2
been..


semlib:talksAbout
http://example.com/
semlib:mentionPeriod semlib:Politics

rdfs:label
semlib:mentionsPeriod

Alighieri... semlib:mentionsAuthor semlib:Renassance

http://example.com/
img1.jpeg semlib:depicts semlib:DanteAlighieri

...but enable to aggregate them into “composite’ graphs and query them using standard SPARQL


NOTEBOOKS
• Annotations are collected in notebooks

2011-01-27 10:30:56 • Users can organize their annotations
dcterms:creator

dcterms:created
My Example Notebook • Aggregate annotations to be retrieved and
rdfs:label
queried
An Example Notebook
used to show the model

rdfs:comment • Different UNIX style read/write privileges
(from private to completely public)*
NotebookURI

• Activate/Deactivate a notebook to ﬁlter the
amount of public annotations visualizing only
those of interest.
• Identiﬁed by a (dereferenciable) URI


NOTEBOOKS
• Notebooks allow annotations sharing

2011-01-27 10:30:56

dcterms:creator E SINGLE USER
R
HA
My Example Notebook
dcterms:created S
RI
kU
rdfs:label oo
teb
An Example Notebook No
used to show the model
WIKI
SHARE
rdfs:comment

NotebookURI

NotebookURI SH COMMUNITIES
AR
No E
te
bo
ok
U RI

PUBLIC

• Sharing a notebook is as easy as sharing its URL on the web (similarly to
popular ﬁle sharing platforms)

NOTEBOOK MANAGEMENT
• Create new notebooks
• Set the current notebook (where the
annotations are written)
• Set notebook private or public
• Activate/deactivate owned notebooks
or public notebook to filter annotations
of interest
• Share notebook by URI


USER AUTHENTICATION

• Authentication is based on OpenID:
• No need to store user’s credentials
• Implemented already by mainstream company (Google, Yahoo, ...)
• Possibly avoid user multiple registration (waste of time, another password)
• Single identity can be used among different Pundit-enabled Digital Libraries
• Adding an OpenID provider is easy and transparent to the Pundit server.

PUNDIT ARCHITECTURE

CLIENT
• Set of Javascript modules (Dojo Framework)
• Easily extendable
• Highly customizable

• Open Source RESTful Web Service (Java Jersey
framework)
• Cross origin request
SERVER • CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
• JSONP
• Sesame triple store
• SPARQL and inference
• Different sail are provided to implement different
storages (BigOWLIM, MySQL, PostgreeSQL, Virtuoso ...)
• MySQL for user data
• RESTful API to edit and consume annotations


DIFFERENT ANNOTABLE CONTENTS

• Pundit allows the annotation of different types of
contents at different level of granularity
• Text fragments

• Images

• Image fragments (under development)

• Videos and video fragments (experimented in Semtube)


• Semantic annotation of YouTube videos (alpha state) based on Pundit
JavaScript libraries and annotation server

http://semedia.dii.univpm.it/semtube

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANNOTATIONS
Annotation with different levels of expressivity and structure
Comment/Tag Panel


• Textual comments Comment/Tag Panel



• Semantic Tags
• Automatically extracted from textual
comments (Dbpedia Spotlight)



• Semantic Tags
• Automatically extracted from textual
comments (Dbpedia Spotlight)
• Popular Linked Data service(Dbpedia,
Freebase, Wordnet, ..)
• Deﬁne your own source of named
entities (SPARQL endpoint, HTTP API)


Triple Composer
• Textual comments
• Semantic Tags
• Semantic Relations
• Subject-Property-Object Statements
• Drag&Drop and suggestions
• Connect different resources (user
selection, linked data entities, ...) with
semantically deﬁned properties


CUSTOM VOCABULARIES
• Pundit allows to use custom vocabularies/taxonomies (and
relations):
• Create a JSONp ﬁle (manually or automatically from an ontology )
• Put it online
• Add its URL to the conﬁguration to import and use it


CROSS PAGE / DOMAIN ANNOTATIONS
• Special Bookmarklet allows to lunch Pundit on every Web page to perform annotations
• Selected resources (text fragments, images, ...) on different pages and domain can be
added to “My Items” to be stored on server and reused on different pages

Add to My Items


CROSS PAGE / DOMAIN ANNOTATIONS
• Special Bookmarklet allows to lunch Pundit on every Web page to perform annotations
• Selected resources (text fragments, images, ...) on different pages and domain can be
added to “My Items” to be stored on server and reused on different pages

Use in another page

Add to My Items

cites

Create cross page semantic relations


NAMED CONTENT
• DLs change over time
<div class="pundit-content" about="http://example.org/contents/123">
• Presentation can restyled and content can be 
re-organized <p>This is a named content and contains both text and a picture</p>
<img src="http://example.org/pictires/pictire123.png" />
• Same content in different pages <p><em>Caption:</em> this is a caption.</p>
</div>
• Some part of the page should not be
annotated (menu, ...)

• Speciﬁc markup can be added in the
pages to allows Pundit:
• identifying atomic pieces of content (by
means of URI)
• attaching the annotations to such
contents
• avoid the annotation of page accessory
component

NAMED CONTENT

Text

The same content in different pages
shows the same annotations!


CONSUMING THE ANNOTATIONS

• PUNDIT server provides RESTfull APIs
to consume annotations.

• (Public) annotations can be consumed
by third party applications.

• Currently conceiving and developing
apps to display and reuse pundit
annotation


ASK THE PUND

• A social web app consuming people's annotations, which let group of people
to organize them into a shared collection, telling a meaningful story with it.

http://ask.thepund.it/

EDGEMAPS VISUALIZATION

• An Edgemaps graph populated with Pundit annotations

http://thepund.it/edgemaps_demo/demo.html

TIMELINE ANNOTATION

http://ask.thepund.it/#/timeline/31951d93

MORE...
• Find our and suggest more: http://thepund.it/okfest.php

...and don’t forget to leave some feedbacks :-) !!!

DEMO TIME!

http://thepund.it

SDA 2012
Semantic Digital Archives

THANK YOU!

http://thepund.it
Semedia
(Semantic Web and Multimedia)
http://semedia.dii.univpm.it www.netseven.it/

Semlib Project Eu Project DM2E EU Project AGORA EU Project
http://www.semlibproject.eu/ http://dm2e.edu/ http://project-agora.eu/

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

Pundit: Semantically Structured Annotations for Web Contents and Digital Libraries

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