Alberto Sangiovanni Vincentelli. Università e industria in USA

1. UNIVERSITA’ E INDUSTRIA IN US
Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli
Vincentelli
The Edgar L. and Harold H. Buttner Chair of EECS
University of California at Berkeley
Co-Founder, CTA and Member of the Board
Founder,
Cadence Design Systems

2. DISCLAIMER
• Le mie considerazioni si basano su osservazioni
personali maturate in 35 anni di permanenza a
Berkeley relative principalmente
– Alle relazioni Industria-Universita’ nella Silicon Valley (e
Universita’
nella regione di Boston)
– All’Ingegneria

3. A personal view of US University System
3

4. Silicon Valley: The land of Innovation

5. Silicon Valley: The land of Innovation

6. Pasteur’s Quadrant
Considerations of Use?
NO YES
Pure Basic Use-Inspired
YES Research Basic Research
(Bohr) (Pasteur)
Quest for
Fundamental
Understanding
?
Pure Applied
NO Research
(Edison)
D. Stokes

7. 7

8. Job Creation from Start-ups
ups

9. Organizing for High-Impact R&D
Impact
Shared Vision: “The Moon Shot”
Sponsor Sponsor
Group Group
Project Project Project Project

10. The “Moon Shot” Approach
Use an overarching, long-range goal to organize and loosely
long-
direct the research
Usually application-driven
application-
Organize the effort as a loose confederation of tightly-knit
tightly-
sub-
sub-projects
Even if you don’t reach the moon, lots of good results will be
produced

11. The demise of great private research centers
Bell Labs Xerox PARC

12. Sea Change in Research Support
• Research support has been changing
• Support is shifting from Federal to Industrial / Private
• What are the implications?
• What are the innovative business models for above critical
mass research?
• How do we best adopt to the new landscape?

13. Overall Berkeley COE Research Support

14. Federal support is changing

15. Industrial Support in %
including sub-awards
EECS: 48,763,000
Industry
7.109.000
15%
Industry Private
Private
11.213.000
23%
Individual All Else
All Else
28.751.000
59%
Individual
1.690.000
3%
COE EECS
Industry + Private + Individual = 26% Industry + Private + Individual = 41%

18. R&D Gap is in the Private Sector
R&D as% of GNL
Private Companies State and P.A.
Svezia
Giappone
Stati Uniti
)
Germania
Francia
Canada
UK
Italia
0 1 2 3 4
Fonte: Intesa Sanpaolo, Servizio Innovazione della Divisione Corporate su dati OECD 2005 - The Economist - August
,
2007
18

19. Great Works and Grand Challenges as an
organizing principle
“Use Inspired Basic Research” as a Framework
– Energy — e.g. Zero Energy Buildings
– Health— e.g. Curing malaria with synthetic biology
– Education — e.g. ICT for the developing world

20. Example of Grand Challenges
Challenges-Use Inspired
Research
•ARPA-E is a bold concept that will provide access to the
E
funding needed to bring the next generation of energy
technologies to fruition. Specifically ARPA-E aims to:
•Enhance our economic security by identifying technologies with the
Enhance
potential to reduce energy imports from foreign sources; reduce
energy-related greenhouse gas emissions; and improve efficiency
related
across the energy spectrum.
•Ensure we remain a technological leader in developing and deploying
Ensure
advanced energy technologies.
•ARPA-E will uniquely focus on high risk, high payoff concepts -
E
technologies promising true energy transformations.
Barack Obama and Steven Chu addresses

21. Energy Collaborative Research: Government,
Industry, University
Researchers at U.S. universities, led by Berkeley, Stanford University and
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are targeting the $2 billion in
Technology,
energy research funds contained in the House recovery bill. The research
dollars will produce jobs, reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil and stem
the production of greenhouse gases, according to the Association of
American Universities, a group of 62 schools that conduct research.
,
Obama’s New Energy for America Plan, as explained on the White House
Web site, calls for creating five million jobs by spending $150 billion, over
10 years, “to catalyze private efforts to build a clean energy future.”
Two major energy initiatives were launched in 2007: the Energy Biosciences
Institute (EBI), a partnership of UC Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, and the
University of Illinois, funded by BP with $500 million over ten years; and
the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), a partnership of three national labs and
),
three research universities in the San Francisco Bay Area, funded by the
U.S. Department of Energy with $125 million over five years.

22. Industry and US Universities
• Pure local decisions based on accomplishments and feedback
from peers
• Ranking determines rigor in promotion criteria
• Ranking are essential
– To attract the best students world
world-wide
– To obtain grants and awards
– To have an impact
• Professors are promoted on the basis of their contributions in all
areas, including professional activities
• Reciprocal respect and attention to respective roles Industry
Industry-
Academia
• Unrestricted grants: “speed not patents”
• “Transfer of technology” through visiting professionals and
summer students
• Formation of new companies favored
22

23. Implementing a Local Research
Laboratory
• There are many possible models
models—some Berkeley-located
examples for discussion:
– Cadence Berkeley Laboratories
– The Siemens Berkeley Technology
Technology-to-Business Center
– ST Microelectronics Berkeley Laboratory (transformed in UPEK
Start-up)
– Kawasaki Steel Corporation Berkeley Labs (transformed in
Comsilica Start-up)
– Ericcson Berkeley Laboratories
– Hughes Research Labs
– AT&T
– Intel Berkeley Labs
– Pirelli-Telecom Italia Berkeley Labs
Telecom
– GM Berkeley Labs
– Toyota Berkeley Labs
– UTC Berkeley Labs

24. How Can Industry Leverage University Research
• Place a small number of large bets and a larger number of
smaller ones
– In today’s IT world, the long-term impact of many research projects are
term
strongly influenced by an expensive commercial context
– Identify the key schools, the key faculty in specific areas, and make them
successful
• Employ an intellectual property policy that maximizes the impact
of the research and maximizes your access to results
– In information technology, that usually demands a very open (“public
domain”) approach!
– In other areas of research, e.g. biological sciences, a more restrictive
approach might be better—no one
no one-size-fits-all!
• Couple the research closely to your own business units
– “One-week-per-month” visitor approach
month”
– Build a small research laboratory adjacent to the University
– Invest in a local, independent technology incubator to obtain an “unfair
advantage.”

25. The SCIENCE-Application Dilemma
Application
Raffaello Sanzio, The Athens School