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Cisco CCNA module 9
1.
1© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Module 9 TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP Addressing
2.
222© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Objectives
3.
333© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id The TCP/IP Model The Department of Defense (DoD) developed the TCP/IP reference model to provide a communication network that could continue to function in wartime.
4.
444© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id TCP/IP Applications
5.
555© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Transport Layer Protocols • The functions of TCP and UDP Segment upper-layer application data
6.
666© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Transport Layer Protocols TCP is responsible for: • end-to-end communication • flow control • reliability of data delivery TCP supports a logical connection between the sending and receiving hosts
7.
777© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Transport Layer Protocols
8.
888© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Internet Layer ProtocolsThe IP Protocol is responsible for: • defining packet format and addressing scheme • routing packets to remote hosts • transferring data between the internet layer and the network access layer
9.
999© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Internet Layer Protocols • IP - connectionless, best-effort delivery routing of packets. • ICMP - control and messaging capabilities. • ARP - determines the data link layer address for known IP addresses. • RARP - determines the IP address for a known MAC address.
10.
101010© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Internet Path Determination
11.
111111© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Question • Why is IP sometimes referred as an unreliable protocol? • Is it really unreliable?
12.
121212© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Answer • IP is sometimes referred to as an unreliable protocol. • This does not mean that IP will not accurately deliver data across a network. • Calling IP an unreliable protocol simply means that IP does not perform error checking and correction. • That function is handled by upper layer protocols from the transport or application layers.
13.
131313© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Network Access Protocols The Network Access Layer is the host-to- network layer of the TCP/IP model. • Encapsulation of IP packets into frames • Interface to the physical medium
14.
141414© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id
15.
151515© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Comparing TCP/IP with the OSI Model
16.
161616© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Router Connects Two Networks • A network of networks is called an internet, indicated with the lowercase “i”. • When referring to the networks that developed from the DoD on which the Worldwide Web (www) runs, the uppercase “I” is used and is called the Internet.
17.
171717© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Routers Connect Local and Remote Networks
18.
181818© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Users See TCP/IP Cloud
19.
191919© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Physical Details Hidden from Users
20.
202020© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id “Scale-Free Networks” Scientific American May 2003 The internet somewhere in the N.E. US
21.
212121© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Forwarding Packets—IP address • A router forwards packets from the originating network to the destination network using the IP protocol. • The packets must include an identifier for both the source and destination networks. • Accordingly, every IP address has two parts – One part identifies the network where the system is connected – A second part identifies that particular system on the network
22.
222222© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Host Address 192.168.1.0 1. 192.168.1.1 2. 192.168.1.2 3. 192.168.1.3 4. 192.168.1.4 192.168.2.0 1. 192.168.2.1 2. 192.168.2.2 3. 192.168.2.3 4. 192.168.2.4
23.
232323© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id IP Addressing Format
24.
242424© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Consecutive Decimal and Binary Values
25.
252525© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Two Byte (Sixteen Bit Number)
26.
262626© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Two Byte (Sixteen Bit Number)
27.
272727© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id One Byte (Eight Bit Number)
28.
282828© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Decimal to Binary Conversion
29.
292929© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Two Byte (Sixteen Bit Number)
30.
303030© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Binary to Decimal Conversion
31.
313131© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Network Layer Communication Path • Routers use IP to make decisions about how to reach a particular destination
32.
323232© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Network and Host Addressing
33.
333333© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Internet Addresses • IP address space is hierarchical • Uses the concept of classes • Compare this with the flat MAC address space
34.
343434© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Identifying Address Classes • The pattern of High Order Bits defines the class of the network address
35.
353535© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id IP Address Classes
36.
363636© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Address Class Prefixes
37.
373737© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Network and Host Division
38.
383838© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Class A Address
39.
393939© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Class B Address
40.
404040© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Class C Address
41.
414141© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Class D Address Architecture
42.
424242© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Class E Address Architecture
43.
434343© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id IP Address Range
44.
444444© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Network Address • Host portion all zeros
45.
454545© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Broadcast Address • Host portion all ones
46.
464646© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Network Address
47.
474747© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Unicast Transmission (to ONE Host only) • Addressed to a specific host i.e. 176.10.16.1 • Only that host looks at the contents of the packet
48.
484848© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Broadcast Address (to ALL Hosts)
49.
494949© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Broadcast Transmission • All hosts listen for broadcast messages • Only the host with the appropriate service responds
50.
505050© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Required Unique Address • A packet can only be sent out onto the Internet if it has a unique address
51.
515151© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Private IP Addresses • You can use these addresses on any private LAN. • You CANNOT use them on the internet. • Internet routers will block them.
52.
525252© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Using Private Addresses in the WAN •Connecting a network using private addresses to the Internet requires translation of the private addresses to public addresses •This translation process is referred to as Network Address Translation (NAT)
53.
535353© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id IPv4 Address Allocation
54.
545454© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Subnet Addresses
55.
555555© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id IPv4 and IPv6
56.
565656© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses
57.
575757© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Assigning IP Addresses
58.
585858© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id TCPIP/IP Configuration for Windows 98
59.
595959© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id IP Address
60.
606060© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id ARP/RARP Message Structure
61.
616161© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id BOOTP Message Structure
62.
626262© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id DHCP Message Structure
63.
636363© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id ARP Table Entry
64.
646464© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id ARP Table Funtions
65.
656565© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id The ARP Process
66.
666666© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id ARP Request
67.
676767© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Proxy ARP Request
68.
686868© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Which host has this IP address? • ARP
69.
696969© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Default Gateway
70.
707070© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Summary
71.
717171© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Quick Reference Subnetting Chart
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