Telecommunication union by Sayef Amin +8801924122222

1. SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY
Department of Law Justice
Course Title: Telecommunication Law
Course Code: LLMF 3231
Assignment On:
“International Telecommunication Union”
Submitted To:
Dr. Md. Jakerul Abedin
Deputy Secretary
Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division
Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs,
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
&
Guest Faculty of
Southeast University
Submitted By:
Date of Submission: 16/12/2013
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
1

2. To
Dr. Md. Jakerul Abedin
Deputy Secretary
Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division
Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs,
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh,
& Guest Faculty of
Department of Law
Southeast University
Subject: Submission of an Assignment
Dear Sir,
It is a great pleasure for me that I have the opportunity to submit Assignment on
“International Telecommunication Union”. I took a great pleasure in preparing the
report of this Assignment. According to your guidelines I have been able to effectively
and enthusiastically accomplish the report. This report attempts to describe my
observation, learning and recommendations based on general reasoning and empirical
evidence. I have tried my level best to put meticulous effort for the preparation of this
report. Any shortcomings or fault may arise as my unintentional or clerical mistakes. I
will wholeheartedly welcome any clarification and suggestion for any review and
conception Disseminated through this assignment.
Your active supervision and crafted guidance made it possible for me to prepare this
report successfully. I remain available at your convenience to clarify any quarries if
necessary.
Sincerely Yours,
………………………
2

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
At first, I would like to thanks Almighty Allah for his kindness on me in accomplishing
this report. The author is immensely grateful to all of them who have given guidance,
help and co-operation during the tenure of the study. I would like to express my deep
sense of gratitude to my respected and distinguished supervisor To Dr. Md. Jakerul
Abedin, Guest Faculty of, Southeast University, Department of Law & Justice for his
individual suggestions, valuable time, important information and guidance during the
study period that greatly inspired me in preparing this report successfully. Of course there
are some very special names that cannot be forgotten. I am also grateful to the
Department of Law, Prime University for providing me such an opportunity to come
closer to real situation. Finally, I want to express my deep gratitude to my family
members to all well wishers whose enormous helps assisted me to complete this report.
………………………..
3

4. Table of Content:
SL.
Subject
01.
Introduction
02.
Objective
03.
Mission
04.
Strategy
05.
ITU sectors:- Radio communication, Standardization,
Development
06.
Legal framework of ITU
07.
Leadership
08.
Membership
09.
Development:- Projects, ITU Publications, Regulatory
Publications, Radio Regulations
10.
World Conference on International Telecommunications 2012
11.
Changes to International Telecommunication Regulations
12.
Proposed Changes to the Treaty and Concerns
13.
WCIT-12 Conference Participation
14.
Standards development of ITU
15.
Standards approval of ITU
16.
Connected Community
17.
Technology Development
18.
Capacity building
4

5. 19.
ITU Council Overview
20.
Bibliography
1. Introduction:
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), originally founded as
the International Telegraph Union (French: Union Internationale des
Télécommunications), is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is
responsible for issues that concern technologies. The ITU coordinates the
shared global use of the radio spectrum, promotes international cooperation
in assigning satellite orbits, works to improve telecommunication
infrastructure in the developing world, and assists in the development and
coordination of worldwide technical standards. ITU also organizes
worldwide and regional exhibitions and forums, such as ITU TELECOM
WORLD, bringing together representatives of government and the
telecommunications and ICT industry to exchange ideas, knowledge and
technology.
The ITU is active in areas including broadband Internet, latest-generation
wireless technologies, aeronautical and maritime navigation, radio
astronomy, satellite-based meteorology, convergence in fixed-mobile phone,
Internet access, data, voice, TV broadcasting, and next-generation
networks.BDT's Capacity Building.*
*
www.itu.int
5

6. Objective :
To build human and institutional capacity in order to improve skills in the
development and use of telecommunication/ICT networks and applications,
and to foster digital inclusion for people with special needs, such as persons
with disabilities, through awareness raising, training activities, sharing
information and know-how and the production and distribution of relevant
publications.
Mission:
The Human Capacity Building Division of the ITU Telecommunication
Development Bureau (BDT) works to strengthen the human, institutional
and organizational capacity of developing countries in a manner that
prepares them for the challenges of a digital economy.
Strategy:
This mission is achieved through a) information and resource sharing on all
major topic areas covered by ITU-D activities; b) delivery of ICT learning,
training and development opportunities designed to build capacity across all
social layers; and c) promotion of current and best-in-class human resources
strategies and management practices. These activities are carried out a)
through our ongoing regular programme activities; b) through special
projects; and c) through partnerships, including the ITU Centres of
Excellence and Internet Training Centres. Upon request, we also provide
advisory and consulting services to Member States in the areas of human
capacity and organizational development. Our capacity building
interventions, resources and tools target different audiences - ranging from
government policy-makers and regulators, to professional business-focused
curricula for ICT executives and managers, to specialized programmes for
technical and operational staff. W
2. ITU sectors:
The ITU comprises three sectors, each managing a different aspect of the
matters handled by the Union, as well as ITU Telecom:
W
www.itu.int
6

7. Radio communication (ITU-R):
Managing the international radio-frequency spectrum and satellite
orbit resources is at the heart of the work of the ITU Radio
communication Sector (ITU-R).
Standardization (ITU-T):
ITU's standards-making efforts are its best-known – and oldest –
activity; known prior to 1992 as the International Telephone and
Telegraph Consultative Committee or CCITT (from its French name
"Comité consultatif international téléphonique et télégraphique")
Development (ITU-D):
Established to help spread equitable, sustainable and affordable access
to information and communication technologies (ICT).
ITU Telecom:
ITU Telecom organizes major events for the world's ICT community.
ITU Telecom World 2011is ITU Telecom's 40th Anniversary with the
first event in 1971.
A permanent General Secretariat, headed by the Secretary General,
manages the day-to-day work of the Union and its sectors.∇
3. Legal framework of ITU:
The basic texts of the ITU are adopted by the ITU Plenipotentiary
Conference. The founding document of the ITU was the 1865 International
Telegraph Convention, which has since been amended several times and is
now entitled the "Constitution and Convention of the International
Telecommunication Union". In addition to the Constitution and Convention,
the consolidated basic texts include the Optional Protocol on the settlement
of disputes, the Decisions, Resolutions and Recommendations in force, as
well as the General Rules of Conferences, Assemblies and Meetings of the
Union.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union
7

8. 4. Leadership:
The ITU is headed by a Secretary-General, who is elected to a four-year
term by the member states at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference.At the
17th ITU Plenipotentiary Conference (2006) in Antalya, Turkey, the ITU's
member states elected Dr Hamadoun Touré of Mali as Secretary-General of
the Union. He was re-elected for a second four-year term at the 18th ITU
Plenipotentiary Conference (2010) in Guadalajara, Mexico.
5. Membership:
Membership of ITU is open to governments, which may join the Union as
Member States, as well as to private organizations like carriers, equipment
manufacturers, funding bodies, research and development organizations and
international and regional telecommunication organizations, which can join
ITU as non-voting Sector Members.
There are 193 member states of the ITU, which includes 192 UN member
states (all except Palau) and the Vatican City. The most recent member state
to join the ITU is South Sudan, which became a member on 14 July
2011.The Republic of China (Taiwan) was blocked from membership by the
People's Republic of China, but nevertheless received a country code, being
listed as "Taiwan, China". The Palestine was admitted as an observer in
2010.
6. Development:
1. Projects: Project development in the areas of regulatory and market
environments; development technologies and networks; ICT
applications; access to ICTs through special initiatives; capacity
building; cyber security; emergency telecommunication; climate
change; and statistics and indicators. Initiates action necessary for the
improvement of the efficiency of project implementation including
reporting, evaluation and closure of projects in collaboration with
project partners. "
2. ITU Publications: the publications section of ITU’s website, with
information on New Releases as well as Best Sellers, all up-dated on a dayto-day basis. Over 4'500 titles in printed form and growing number on CD-
8

9. ROM, DVD and Online. Free access to ITU-R and to most “in force” ITU-T
Recommendations, as well as to numerous other publications.
(a).Hard Copy Publications:
Order hard-copy versions of your selected publications in English, French,
Spanish, Arabic, Chinese and/or Russian (where available) by adding titles
to your cart and communicating your billing and delivery information
online. Alternatively, download a copy of the informative Publication
Notice, completing and returning the associated order form to ITU Sales for
processing and delivery. Discounts are available for ITU Members and
administrations of Least Developed Countries (LDC's).
(b).Online Subscription Services:
Annual subscription services for direct, online access to major collections of
ITU Publications via a user name and password. Download the relative
"Publication Notice" to acquire specific pricing information on single-user
or multi-user licenses, then return a completed copy via fax, post or email.
Please do not forget to sign a copy of this license, to be sent to ITU's
Sales Service with your order. Discounts are available for ITU Members,
administrations of Least Developed Countries (LDC's) and university
libraries. 
If you have already subscribed to an Online subscription and have
received your user name and password valid for 12 months, follow the links
below to access the Publications, services and/or documents available with
the relative subscription (*noting recent information on a recent broadening
of free access).
(c). CD-ROM and DVD Publications:
Individual issues or yearly subscriptions for several titles on CD-ROM or
DVD The collection of documents provided on each CD-ROM or DVD are

www.itu.int/en/ITU-D
9

10. fully indexed and searchable. Add titles to cart or download the associated
Publication Notice and return a completed copy to ITU Sales. Discounts are
available for ITU Members, administrations of Least Developed Countries
(LDC's) and university libraries. Click here for the license agreement.
•
Contents of ITU-T Recommendations on current DVD
•
ITU-T Regulations
•
Contents of ITU-R Recommendations on current DVD
•
Radio Regulations
•
ITU-R Maritime and General Publications
•
ITU-R Software and Databases
(d). Electronic Bookshop:
Immediate download of the electronic (Acrobat PDF, MS Word) versions of
individual ITU Publications with secure credit card payment, or eventual
download via bank transfer or check. Minimum of 20 Swiss francs per
publication. Immediate downloads are not intended for resale and no
member discounts can be applied to this type of purchase. Complete lists of
ITU Publications are accessed from the links on the left of this page.
With regard to Recommendations only, recent decisions have been made to
allow broad access to both ITU-T Recommendations and ITU-R
Recommendations. See below links for details. @
•
•
•
@
ITU-R Recommendations (Radiocommunications)
*Note: all electronically posted versions (including pre-published) in
all formats now free to general public.
ITU-T Recommendations (Telecommuncations)
www.itu.int › Home › ITU-D › ICT Statistics
10

11. 3. Regulatory Publications:
(a). West African Common Market Project:
• West African Common Market Project: Regulatory Capacity Building
Projects for the UEMOA and ECOWAS countries Final Report,
• 2005 West African Common Market Project: Regulatory Capacity
Building Projects for the UEMOA and ECOWAS countries Training
Catalogue
(b).Telecommunication Policies:
• 1996 The African Green Paper: Telecommunication Policies for
Africa,
• 2002 Telecommunication Policies for the Arab Region (The Arab
Book),
• 2000 Telecommunication Policies for the Americas (The Blue
Book),
• 1999 Telecommunication Policies on CD-ROM
5. Radio Regulations:
The Radio Regulations contains the complete texts as adopted by the World
Radio communication Conference (Geneva, 1995) (WRC-95) and
subsequently revised and adopted by World Radio communication
Conferences, including all Appendices, Resolutions, Recommendations
and ITU-R Recommendations incorporated by reference.
7. World Conference on International Telecommunications
2012:
In December 2012, the ITU facilitated the The World Conference on
International Telecommunications 2012 (WCIT-12) in Dubai. WCIT-12 was
a treaty-level conference to address International Telecommunications
Regulations: international rules for telecommunications, including
international tariffs. The previous conference to update the Regulations
(ITRs) was held in Melbourne in 1988.*
In August 2012, ITU called for a public consultation on a draft document
ahead of the conference. It is claimed the proposal would allow government
restriction or blocking of information disseminated via the internet and
create a global regime of monitoring internet communications – including
*
www.itu.int/en/ITU-D
11

12. the demand that those who send and receive information identify
themselves. It would also allow governments to shut down the internet if
there is the belief that it may interfere in the internal affairs of other states or
that information of a sensitive nature might be shared.Telecommunications
ministers from 193 countries attended the conference in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates.
8. Changes to International Telecommunication Regulations:
The current regulatory structure was based on voice telecommunications,
when the Internet was still in its infancy. In 1988, telecommunications
operated under regulated monopolies in most countries. As the Internet has
grown, organizations such as ICANN have come into existence to manage
key resources such as Internet addresses and Domain Names. Some outside
the United States believe that the United States exerts too much influence
over the governance of the Internet.
9. Proposed Changes to the Treaty and Concerns:
Current proposals look to take into account the prevalence of data
communications. Proposals under consideration would establish regulatory
oversight by the U.N. over security, fraud, traffic accounting as well as
traffic flow, management of Internet Domain Names and IP addresses, and
other aspects of the Internet that are currently governed either by
community-based approaches such as Regional Internet Registries, ICANN,
or largely national regulatory frameworks. The move by the ITU and some
countries has alarmed many within the United States and within the Internet
community. Indeed some European telecommunication services have
proposed a so-called "sender pays" model that would require sources of
Internet traffic to pay destinations, similar to the way funds are transferred
between countries using the telephone.1
On 22 November 2012, the European Parliament passed a resolution urging
member states to prevent ITU WCIT-12 activity that would "negatively
impact the internet, its architecture, operations, content and security,
business relations, internet governance and the free flow of information
online". The resolution asserted that "the ITU is not the appropriate body to
assert regulatory authority over the internet".
1
www.itu.int › Home › ITU-D › ICT Statistics
12

13. On 5 December 2012, the lower chamber of the United States Congress
passed a resolution opposing U.N. governance of the Internet by a rare
unanimous 397–0 vote. The resolution warned that "... proposals have been
put forward for consideration at the [WCIT-12] that would fundamentally
alter the governance and operation of the Internet ... [and] would attempt to
justify increased government control over the Internet ...", and stated that the
policy of the United States is "... to promote a global Internet free from
government control and preserve and advance the successful
Multistakeholder Model that governs the Internet today." The same
resolution had previously been passed unanimously by the upper chamber of
the Congress in September.
On 14 December 2012, an amended version of the Regulations was signed
by 89 of the 152 countries. Countries that did not sign included the United
States, Japan, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, India and the United
Kingdom. The Head of the U.S. Delegation, Terry Kramer, said "We cannot
support a treaty that is not supportive of the multistakeholder model of
Internet governance". The disagreement appeared to be over some language
in the revised ITRs referring to ITU roles in addressing unsolicited bulk
communications, network security, and a resolution on Internet governance
that called for government participation in Internet topics at various ITU
forums. Despite the significant number countries not signing, the ITU
organization came out with a press release: "New global telecoms treaty
agreed in Dubai".
10. WCIT-12 Conference Participation:
The conference itself was managed by the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU). While certain parts of civil society and industry were able to
advise and observe, active participation was restricted to member states. The
Electronic Frontier Foundation expressed concern at this, calling for a more
transparent multi-stakeholder process.[33] Some leaked contributions can be
found on the wcitleaks.org web site. Google-affiliated researchers have
suggested that the ITU should completely reform its processes to align itself
with the openness and participation of other multistakeholder organizations
concerned with the Internet.
11. Standards development of ITU:
ITU-T offers a unique contribution-driven and consensus-based
environment, using the latest collaboration tools and facilities. Contribution
13

14. is the term used to describe membership input into a Study Group. This
input can be on any relevant topic but is typically limited to suggesting new
work areas; draft Recommendations, changes to existing Recommendations.
Studies Groups drive their work primarily in the form of study Questions.
Each of these addresses technical studies in a particular area of
telecommunication standardization. Each SG has a Chairman and a number
of vice-chairmen appointed by the World Telecommunication
Standardization Assembly (WTSA).
To assist in the organization of the work, the SG may be organized into a
number of working parties. The working party is the next organizational unit
down within the study group (SG). It coordinates a number of study
Questions on a related theme, e.g. the Media Coding Working Party in Study
Group 16 deals with all study Questions relating to coding of speech, audio
and video streams that we use every day for Internet calls, DVDs, etc. The
team of experts working on a specific Question is known as the reporter
group. Their meetings are chaired by the relevant rapporteur. Considering
the text of the Question and guidance from the SG, the participants
determine what Recommendations are required and develop text for these
Recommendations taking all relevant inputs into account and consulting
other relevant parts of ITU-T. During a meeting of the parent WP or SG, the
experts will normally meet to progress the work, but they may also meet
independently of the parent WP or SG, in a more informal setting, when
required.
A Question is the basic project unit within ITU-T. The area of study of the
project is defined by the text of the Question, and this is generally approved
by the study group itself. For a new Question to be established, it is
necessary that a number of Members commit to support the work. Questions
address technical studies in a particular area of telecommunication
standardization, and are driven by contributions. A Question is normally
terminated once the defined work has been completed, or the task is revised
in the light of developments, which can be technical, market-oriented,
network or service driven.
12. Standards approval of ITU:
The “Alternative Approval Process” (AAP) is a fast-track approval
procedure that was developed to allow standards to be brought to
market in the timeframe that industry now demands. This dramatic
14

15. overhaul of standards-making by streamlining approval procedures was
implemented in 2001 and is estimated to have cut the time involved in
this critical aspect of the standardization process by 80 to 90 per cent.
This means that an average standard which took around four years to
approve and publish until the mid nineties, and two years until 1997,
can now be approved in an average of two months, or as little as five
weeks. The vast majority of standards are approved in this way. Only
those that have regulatory implications are not, they use the what is
called the traditional approval process (TAP). Besides streamlining the
underlying procedures involved in the approval process, an important
contributory factor to the use of AAP is electronic document handling.
Once the approval process has begun the rest of the process can be
completed electronically, in the vast majority of cases, with no further
physical meetings. The introduction of AAP also formalizes
public/private partnership in the approval process by providing equal
opportunities for both Sector Members and Member States in the
approval
of
technical
standards.
Once the text of a draft Recommendation prepared by Study Group
(SG) experts is considered mature, it is submitted for review to a SG or
Working Party (WP) meeting. If agreed by the meeting it is given
Consent. This means that the SG or WP has given its consent that the
text is sufficiently mature to initiate a final review process leading to
approval of the draft Recommendation. After this Consent has been
achieved, the Director of ITU-T's secretariat, the Telecommunication
Standardization Bureau (TSB), announces the start of the AAP
procedure by posting the draft text to the ITU-T web site and calling
for comments. This gives the opportunity for all members to review the
text. This phase, called Last Call, is a four-week period in which
comments can be submitted by Member States and Sector Members. If
no comments other than editorial corrections are received, the
Recommendation is considered approved since no issues were
identified that might need any further work. However, if there are any
comments, the SG chairman, in consultation with TSB, sets up a
comment resolution process by the concerned experts. The revised text
is then posted on the web for an Additional Review period of three
weeks.
Similar to the Last Call phase, in Additional Review the Recommendation is
considered as approved if no comments are received. If comments are
15

16. received, it is apparent that there are some issues that still need more
work, and the draft text and all comments are sent to the next Study
Group meeting for further discussion and possible approval. After a
Last Call in which comments were received, if the SG Chairman sees
that there is insufficient time for comment resolution and an Additional
Review period, the draft Recommendation and unresolved comments
can be sent directly to the next meeting of the SG for resolution and
agreement.
13. Connected Community:
This is a unique and essential conversation. Experts from industry and
government, regulation and innovation debate the radical transformation of
the ICT sector, ITU Telecom World is the platform for high-level debate,
knowledge-sharing and networking for the global ICT community - essential
to drive industry success and address critical socio-economic challenges.
ITU Telecom is the part of ITU responsible for organizing these annual
events.
(a).Unique Audience:
ITU Telecom World events bring together a uniquely comprehensive
audience of public and private sector players at the highest level. Heads of
State and Government, ministers, policy makers and regulators meet
industry CEOs from operators, vendors, service providers and content
developers, thought-leaders, academics and UN Agency heads on a wider
scale than at any other industry event.
(b). Knowledge Sharing:
The world-class forum offers interactive discussion unrivalled in the reach
of its content and the quality of its speakers. Panellists are experts in
their fields, offering informed opinions and contrasting perspectives
from government, business and technology. Innovative solutions,
strategies, policies, models and markets emerge from passionate and
collaborative debate.®
(c). Showcasing:

http://www.itu.int/en/Pages/default.aspx
16

17. National pavilions, industry stands and thematic pavilions showcase
products, technologies, investment and partnership opportunities from
around the world on the show floor. Centred around the Open Space
meeting hub and featuring media and leaders' lounges, the futuristic
Innovation Space and workshop areas, the show floor provides a
natural environment for networking and knowledge-sharing on a global
stage.
(d). Networking:
Networking events and spaces are crafted to facilitate the connections that
matter between public and private sector decision-makers, between
individuals, ideas and industry players. Connections that stimulate
innovation, opportunity and partnerships, driving the success of the
industry - whether through targeted bilateral meetings, structured social
occasions or informal discussions over coffee.
14. Technology Development:
The development of digital technologies and the convergence of
broadcasting, telecommunications and informatics offer sizeable
opportunities for the implementation of appropriate new technologies by
developing countries.The World Telecommunication Development
Conference (WTDC) held in Hyderabad (India) from 24 May to 4 June 2010
adopted, among others, the Programme 1: " Information and Communication
Infrastructure and Technology Development ".
The programme assists Member States and ITU-D Sector Members to
maximize the utilization of appropriate new technologies in the
development of their information and communication infrastructure. The
programme also assists developing countries to plan, build, operate,
upgrade, manage and maintain technologies applicable in their networks and
services. This includes the development of the Telecommunications and
Information infrastructure and applications.
Applied research and the transfer of technological know-how will be an
indispensable part of the task of expediting the access to new technologies
on a non-discriminatory basis for developing countries and countries with
economies in transition. The programme will be carried out by various
means, including symposia, workshops, conferences, seminars and expert
advice as well as information sharing, creation of tools and training
17

18. material.As issues of network reliability and quality of service continues to
be of considerable interest to developing countries, the programme focuses
on management issues, marketing techniques and the introduction of new
services, taking into account the recent trends in the development of
telecommunications, broadcasting and informatics.©
14. Capacity building:
Capacity building in ITU's context refers to strengthening the human and
institutional capacity of developing countries to adapt to an evolving ICT
and telecommunication sector. Building broad telecommunication/ICT
literacy enables citizens to access and contribute information, ideas and
knowledge in order to create an inclusive information society. Providing
assistance in human and institutional capacity building that improves
telecommunication/ICT skills to support the development and use of
telecommunication/ICT networks and applications continues to be a priority
for the ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D).
In this regard, the strategic goal of the ITU-D is threefold, and includes:
To promote the availability of infrastructure and foster an enabling
environment for telecommunication/ICT infrastructure development and its
use in a safe and secure manner; To provide assistance to developing
countries; To expand the benefits of the information society to the
membership in cooperation with public and private stakeholders, and to
promote the integration of the use of telecommunications/ICTs into the
broader economy and society as drivers of development, innovation, wellbeing, growth and productivity globally. Furthermore, the objectives of ITUD, according to the ITU Strategic Plan, include Objective 5 which refers
directly to capacity building and development.
15. ITU Council Overview:
The ITU is governed by the Plenipotentiary Conference and the
Administrative Council. The Plenipotentairy Conference is the supreme
organ of the Union. It is the decision making body which determines the
direction of the Union and its activities.®
The Council, on the other hand, acts as the Union’s governing body in the
interval between Plenipotentiary Conferences. Its role is to consider broad


http://www.itu.int/en/Pages/default.aspx
www.itu.int/en/ITU-D
18

19. telecommunication policy issues to ensure that the Union's activities,
policies and strategies fully respond to today's dynamic, rapidly changing
telecommunications environment.
• Council Membership
• Council Troika
• Council 2013 Chairman
ITU Council also prepares a report on the policy and strategic planning of
the ITU and responsible for ensuring the smooth day-to-day running of the
Union, coordinating work programmes, approving budgets and controlling
finances and expenditure.
The Council also takes all steps to facilitate the implementation of the
provisions of the ITU Constitution, the ITU Convention, the Administrative
Regulations (International Telecommunications Regulations and Radio
Regulations), and the decisions of Plenipotentiary Conferences and; where
appropriate, the decisions of other conferences and meetings of the Union.
Bibliography:
www.itu.int/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union
https://www.facebook.com/pages/ITU/103018419782973
https://twitter.com/ITU
• www.itu.int/wsis
• www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/
• www.itu.int › Home › ITU-D › ICT Statistics
•
•
•
•
•
19