1. FACULTAD DE
MEDICINA
HUMANA
GRUPO N° 3
Medical English
PHYSIOTHERAPY'S
TECHNIQUES
Integrants
ARANCIBIA CASTRO KRUZKERRY
DIAS GUEVARA EDUARDO
LOZANO BURGA YENNY
PEDEMONTE MURILLO ELKI
ROQUE VEGA KARIN
VENCES MIJAHUANCA MIGUEL
ANGEL
Lambayeque, Noviembre del 2011
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2. ELECTROTHERAPY
 Definition:
Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical
treatment. In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to
a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices
such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. The
term has also been applied specifically to the use of electric
current to speed wound healing. Additionally, the term
"electrotherapy" or "electromagnetic therapy" has also been
applied to a range of alternative medical devices and
treatments.
It has not been found to be effective in increasing bone
healing.
 Electrical stimulation devices:
Several different electrical stimulation devices exist, each producing different frequencies,
waveforms, and effects. Electrical modalities include:
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
TENS users should experiment with various electrode placements. Electrodes can be placed
over the painful area, surrounding the painful area, over the nerve supplying the painful
area, or even on the opposite side of the body. TENS users need to try the unit for several
days with several electrode placements prior to deciding if it will be useful. A home trial for
several days to weeks is preferable.
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3. Interferential Current (IFC)
Interferential current is essentially a deeper form of TENS. In essence, IFC modulates a high
frequency (4000 Hz) carrier waveform with the same signal produced by a TENS unit. The
high frequency carrier waveform penetrates the skin more deeply than a regular TENS unit,
with less user discomfort for a given level of stimulation. Deep in the tissues, the carrier
waveform is cancelled out, resulting in a TENS-like signal deep under the skin.
Galvanic Stimulation (GS)
Direct current creates an electrical field over the treated area that, theoretically, changes
blood flow. The positive pad behaves like ice, causing reduced circulation to the area under
the pad and reduction in swelling. The negative pad behaves like heat, causing increased
circulation, reportedly speeding healing.
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4.  Use of electrotherapy:
The use of electrotherapy has been researched and accepted in the field of rehabilitation.
(Electrical muscle stimulation). The American Physical Therapy Association acknowledges
the use of Electrotherapy for:
1. Pain management
Improves range of joint movement.
2. Treatment of neuromuscular dysfunction
Improvement of strength.
Improvement of motor control.
Retards muscle atrophy.
Improvement of local blood flow.
3. Improves range of joint mobility
Induces repeated stretching of contracted, shortened soft tissues.
4. Tissue repair
Enhances microcirculation and protein synthesis to heal wounds.
Restores integrity of connective and dermal tissues.
5. Acute and chronic edema
Accelerates absorption rate.
Affects blood vessel permeability.
Increases mobility of proteins, blood cells and lymphatic flow.
6. Peripheral blood flow
Induces arterial, venous and lymphatic flow
7. Iontophoresis
Delivery of pharmacological agents
8. Urine and fecal incontinence
Affects pelvic floor musculature to reduce pelvic pain and strengthen musculature
Treatment may lead to complete continence
Electrotherapy is used for relaxation of muscle spasms, prevention and retardation of
disuse atrophy, increase of local blood circulation, muscle rehabilitation and re-education
electrical muscle stimulation, maintaining and increasing range of motion, management of
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5. chronic and intractable pain, post-traumatic acute pain, post surgical acute pain, immediate
post-surgical stimulation of muscles to prevent venous thrombosis, wound healing and drug
delivery.
OZONE THERAPY
It is the use of the ozone in the human organism, by means of different technologies, with
therapeutic purposes.
 What medical equipment is used?
Ionex:
It is the equipment of ozone therapy.
The charitable effects that this gas produces in the organism:
 The ozone acts like antirust and inmunomodulador, the ozone acts like antirust and
inmunomodulador, that is to say, it increases the defenses of the organism before
external aggressions.
 Also it increases the liberation of oxygen, increasing his transport towards the cells
and improving this way the cellular function and the traffic general.
 It is in addition the powerful germicidal one since, to the contact, it produces
elimination of fungi, bacteria and virus.
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6.  Ozone Therapy in Dentistry
 It is possible to use in treatments periodontales, surgeries, stomatitis, dental decay.
 The generator of Ozone in plasma in cold offers a wide spectrum of indications in the
Odontologic therapy. One works of sure form, without pains, of rapid form and
without side effects.
 Other benefits of ozone therapy
 It increases the blood irrigation.
 Action desintoxicante.
 It stimulates the fabric of granulation. It stimulates the cicatrization of the wounds,
which they treat more fast. It is specially useful for serious burns and of sores.
 It regulates the compounds of the blood
 Sedative
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7. ULTRASONIC THERAPY
 Description
Ultrasonic therapy is used in physical therapy equipment produce high-frequency sound
waves that travel deep into tissue and create gentle therapeutic heat. Ultrasonic diathermy
is intended to generate deep heat within body tissues for the treatment of selected medical
conditions such as pain, muscle spasms and joint contractures, but not for the treatment of
malignancies.
The sound waves are transmitted through a round-headed wand that the therapist applies
to the skin with gentle, circular movements. A hypo-allergenic gel aids in the transmission
of the ultrasonic energy and prevents overheating at the
surface of the applicator. Treatments usually last between
five and 10 minutes.
 Risks/Benefits
Ultrasonic therapy does not hurt (there may be a bit of a tingling sensation and/or a
sensation of warmth) if the therapist keeps the wand moving continuously. If, however, the
wand is held in place for more than a few seconds, it can become uncomfortable at higher
energies.
 Information for Patients
While ultrasonic therapy can be used to treat the conditions described above, it is
important to know that there are situations and areas of the body where it cannot safely be
used. You should notify the practitioner administering the ultrasound if any of the following
applies to you:
You have a cardiac pacemaker.
You have a malignancy in the area to be treated.
You have a healing fracture in the area to be treated.
You are pregnant.
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8. You have an implanted medical device other than a pacemaker such as implanted
deep brain stimulation device
You should also be aware that commercial ultrasonic diathermy devices may exist that have
not been formally evaluated by FDA. Typically, these devices will claim to treat a range of
diseases, disorders, and have other uses that are not covered in the description above (for
example, to reduce wrinkles on the face).
 Information for Professionals
Over the years, FDA has evaluated a number of ultrasonic diathermy devices. They are all
capable of heating deep tissue to a therapeutic temperature range of 40-45°C for the
selected conditions described above. However, there are various configurations with regard
to energy output and applicator size. Furthermore, there may be instructions that apply
only to a particular device. Therefore, it is important that you read and be familiar with the
instructions for the particular device that you use. You should also be especially mindful of
all contraindications, warnings, and precautions that apply to the device.
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9. CASE REPORT
WITH OZONO THERAPY
SEX:
MALE
AGE:
29 YEARS
DIAGNOSIS:
Lumbar disc hernia (L5 - S1) extruding
SYMPTOMS:
Severe lumbosacral pain radiating to right leg
TREATMENTS WITH NEGATIVE RESULTS:
Immobilization (corset)
Kinesiology
Antineuríticos
Inflammatory
Analgesics
Block
OZONE THERAPY RESULTS:
Clinical results:
Significant pain relief
Remission of symptoms
Better Mobility
Decreased paresthesia (tingling and numbness of the right leg)
Radiologic findings:
Significant reduction in MRI extruded hernia
End result: Patient painless after completion of treatment resumed his normal activities.
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10. MRI BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT
Sagittal MRI
Herniated disc Cure disc
Herniated disc
Cure disc
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11. WITH ELECTROTHERAPY
PATIENT: 63 years old
Hypertensive.
Treated with "hidrodona"
Appears one day with his mouth and an eye "twisted" but no pain, just not felt
the touch.
DIAGNOSIS: cold paralysis.
You will be given cortisone.
The diagnosis was wrong because within twenty-four hours following a spill on her nose and is
twenty-two blood pressure.
Facial paralysis was due to a cardiovascular problem and not cold.
TREATMENT:
On the second day of passing the electrode through the affected area and the other side of the
head begins to be sensitive in the facial area paralyzed. (Noticed while shaving).
The fourth session begins to feel heat in the area through which the electrode is applied,
advances it’s dramatically improved.
The plate can be applied to the neck, but always in session not exceeding 20 minutes at low
intensity.
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