Describes research related to standards and standardization processes. Presentation originally done at UW Milwaukee, April 2007

1. Web Services: Standards and Standardization Sandeep Purao , Ph.D. Associate Professor of IST Enterprise Informatics and Integration Center Affiliations: Standards Interest Group, Socio-technical Systems Lab

4. Where do standards come from? (Public) R & D Patents Standards Adapted from: Kahin 2007 Expected Trajectory Observed Trajectory (Public) R & D Patents Standards Anticipatory Standards

15. LAP-inspired framework Fundamentals Standards Standardization Preconditions for communicative acts: Channel (conduit to carry messages), Messaging (common syntax and semantics), and Guarantee (ensuring delivery without distortion) Communication Platform Creating commitments between communicating parties: Capability exposure, Capability search, Proposal negotiation, Contract establishment Communicative Act Emerges out of the performance of patterns of communicative acts: Exchange, Transaction, Relationship management, Concurrent contracts Rational Discourse

16. Assessing the Initiatives Fundamentals Standards Standardization

17. Implications Assertion Design is an important element of IT standards Gaps “ Conversations” “ Negotiations” Established Part of Communicative act Established Communication platform Fundamentals Standards Standardization

22. Theoretical perspective Attaching meaning to design alternatives Agreeing between designs, fixing the actor network Creating and choosing design alternatives Fundamentals Standards Standardization Sense-making Design Negotiation DSN (Fomin et al. 2004)

25. I won’t budge! Without considering behaviors with multiple codes Interpretation : Actors do not engage in sense-making as much as they do in design and negotiation. They anticipate own role and stance to remain stable. Fundamentals Standards Standardization

26. Big pockets dictate outcomes! During the meeting Prior to the meeting Interpretation : The process is significantly influenced by design contributions from participants, who can expend significant resources for designing parts of the standard under development. This may question openness of the process. Fundamentals Standards Standardization

27. Design by committee? Not! Interpretation : A significant amount of design may be occurring outside the W3C meetings, and may compromise transparency of the process. Fundamentals Standards Standardization

28. Design ‘as’ negotiation Interpretation : The overlap between design and negotiation suggests that Design activities may replace other forms of negotiation behaviors. Fundamentals Standards Standardization Assertion Design is an important element of IT standards