1. Web Usability an Accessibility
By:
Sana Ullah(4849)
Salman Saeed khan(4884)

2. Content
• Web Accessibility
• Disabilities
• Vision impairment
• Hearing impairment
• Mobility impairment
• Cognitive Impairment
• Learning impairment
• Assistive Technologies
• Web Accessibility Standards
Web Usability and Accessibility 2

3. Web Accessibility
“Accessible” means that people are able to use your
website even under limiting conditions.
To be accessible, your website must be:
• Perceivable (see, hear, touch)
• Operable (device independent)
Making your website accessible is like
providing a wheelchair ramp for your
building.
Web Usability and Accessibility 3

4. Disabilities
• Vision
• Hearing
• Mobility
• Cognitive
• learning
Web Usability and Accessibility 4

5. Vision impairment
• Blind low vision, color blindness
• Challenges:
– Inability to view images or videos
– Inability to understand and navigate organization of Web
page
• What can you do to help?
– Provide alt tags for all images
– Provide headers and descriptions for tables
– Provide audio explanations for complicated diagrams and
images
Web Usability and Accessibility 5

6. Hearing impairment
• Deaf or hard of hearing
• Challenges:
– Listening to audio/video clips
– Difficulty participating in real-time audio chats
• What can you do to help?
– Provide transcripts for audio
– Provide captioning for video
– Provide closed captioning or try access for live chats
Web Usability and Accessibility 6

7. Mobility impairment
• Difficulty using fingers, hands, or arms
• Challenges:
– Unable to use mouse
– Unable to select small buttons or icons
– Unable to participate in real-time text chat
• What can you do to help?
– Make buttons and links reasonably large
– Provide keyboard alternatives for anything that requires a
mouse
– Provide audio alternatives for text requirements
Web Usability and Accessibility 7

8. Cognitive Impairment
• Developmental disabilities
• Cognitive disabilities
– Affecting memory
– Attention
– Developmental maturity
– Problem-solving
– Logic skills etc.
Web Usability and Accessibility 8

9. Learning impairment
• Effects the learning process involving one or more
abilities
– speaking
– Listening
– Reading, writing and spelling
– Reasoning and organizing
• Challenges:
– Getting lost in navigation
– Inability to understand cluttered content or worded clearly
Web Usability and Accessibility 9

10. How can Disabled people
Navigate the Web?

11. Assistive Technologies
It is a generic term that includes assistive, adaptive, and
rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and
includes the process used in selecting, locating, and
using them.
Web Usability and Accessibility 11

12. Examples of AT
• Screen Readers and magnifiers
• Refreshable Braille display.
• Captioning SW
• Voice Recognition SW
• Touch Screens
• Switches and pointer sticks
Web Usability and Accessibility 12

13. Web Accessibility Standards
• W3C WCAG – Worldwide Web Consortium Web
Content Accessibility Guidelines
• Federal Section 508 – Web-based Intranet and
Internet Information and Applications (1194.22)
• Commonwealth of Massachusetts Web Accessibility
Standards, version 2.0
Web Usability and Accessibility 13

14. Web Accessibility Standards 2.0
• HTML markup – A state agency web page must use HTML
markup tags according to industry standards. [1.1]
• Forms – Forms designed to be completed online and other
interactive elements must be accessible by people using
assistive technology. [1.5]
• Text Equivalents – A state agency web page must provide a
text equivalent for every non-text element. [3.1]
• Multimedia – A state agency web page must provide
synchronized auditory and readable text descriptions of the
important information on the visual track of a multimedia
presentation. [3.2]
• Audio – A state agency web page must provide a text
equivalent for information provided in audio format. [3.3]
Web Usability and Accessibility 14

15. Web Accessibility Standards 2.0(continued)
• Color – A state agency must ensure that the use and selection
of color do not affect the information conveyed on a page.
[3.5]
• Document File Formats – All information published on a state
agency web page must be published in HTML, whenever
possible, to eliminate the need for additional software. [4.1]
• File Size Optimization – A state agency must optimize files to
improve download time. [5.1]
• Web Accessibility Statement – A state agency web site must
provide a link to a web accessibility statement. [6.1]
• Website Validation – A state agency must validate web
content against these Standards prior to posting and at
regular intervals after posting. [7.1]
Web Usability and Accessibility 15

16. Testing Tools
• Testing tools include:
– SW used by disabled (e.g. JAWS)
– Emulators (e.g. Fangs)
– Compliance checkers
• Remember that tools are not people
Web Usability and Accessibility 16

17. Design Tips
• Layout and Structure
– Use headings in content consistently
– Use the captions, summaries, and row and column headers for
tables
– Use appropriate metadata
• Navigation
– Use clear, descriptive text for hyperlinks
– Set hyperlinks to open in new window
– Use meaningful text for page titles
• Color
– Avoid using color as only indicator
– Avoid using red
• Text
– Use clear, simple language
Web Usability and Accessibility 17

18. Design Tips
• Forms and tables
• Images
– Add meaningful alt text to all images
– For complex images, add a description link
– Avoid flickering images and unnecessary animated images
– Avoid using images of text
• Multimedia
– For audio clips, use a description link
– For video clips, use captioning or use a description link
– For video clips, provide a link to an audio file
– Provide a link to download appropriate audio/video player
Web Usability and Accessibility 18

19. Benefits
Making your website accessible:
• Helps people with disabilities use the web.
• Separates content from presentation, making the
website easier to manage and web pages quicker to
download.
• Increases your site’s usability.
• Increases your websites visibility in search engines.
• Provides good publicity and addresses questions of
possible liability(responsibility).
Web Usability and Accessibility 19

20. THANKS
Web Usability and Accessibility 20

21. ?
Any Question
Web Usability and Accessibility 21