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Chemistry- JIB Topic 2 Atoms, Ions and Nomenclature
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11. Alpha α Beta β Gamma γ Helium nucleus Essentially electons Always products Electromagnetic radiation High energy High Frequency Charge +2 -1 0 Mass 4 1/1840 0 Movement To neg. plate To pos. plate None Penetration Least Stopped by paper Intermediate Stopped by lead or glass Greatest Thick layers of lead or concrete
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18. it is easy to determine how much of a sample remains after a whole number of half lives it is more difficult to determine how much remains when a complete half life has not passed in order to do this, you need to apply two different equations ln N t /N o = -kt and k= 0.693/t 1/2 N t is the amount of substance left after a given time N o is the original amount of the substance t is the amount of time that has passed t 1/2 is the half life of the substance
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26. Na + cation monoatomic Cl - anion monoatomic CO 3 2- anion polyatomic NH 4 + cation polyatomic