3. Introduction
SPEAKING
•Speaking is the 2nd of the four
language skills, which are:
•1. Listening
•2. Speaking
•3. Reading
•4. Writing
4. Two Keys To Succeed In Public speaking
Taking control of the situation.
Preparing your self to succeed.
5. Strategy For The Speech
Develop a strategy for the speech which
involves:
Developing a reason for speaking.
A knowledge of who will hear your speech.
Sense of the context in which it will occur.
6. GET TO KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE
Knowing something about the people you
are addressing to.
The information about their
Age, Education, Personal
beliefs, Occupation, Income, Socio-
Economic status, Ethnic
origin, Gender, knowledge of the
subject, attitude towards the subject may
help you to get to know your audience.
7. Determine your reason for speaking
All speaking is persuasive.
All public speaking should tell people what
they don’t know rather than telling them
what the already know.
Learn what you can about the occasions.
Managers must choose their theme carefully
because audience will pay close attention
to their words, the tone of speech and their
approach to the subject.
8. Know Three Basic reasons Why People
Will Listen To A Speech.
Their own interest .
Who is telling the story.
How is it told.
Audience react positively to the speaking
styles they regard as
warm, friendly, knowledgeable and
creative.
They will react negatively to styles they
regard as pompous, vague and irrelevant.
9. Understand seven basic questions
listeners will bring to any listening
situation
Do you know something I need to know?
Can I trust you?
Am I comfortable with you?
How can you affect me?
What’s my experience with you?
Are you reasonable?
Who do you represent?
10. Recognize The Most Common Obstacles
To Successful Communication
Stereotyping: Any commonly known public belief
about a certain social group or a type of individual
e.g.. All Arabs and Muslims are terrorists, All Jews
are greedy, All teenagers are rebels etc. Managers
should put aside the stereotypical views and with
an open mind treat them as an individual.
Prejudice: To judge before knowing. Because of
time constraints managers have to judge before
knowing. So its speakers ethical obligation to admit
his prejudicial thinking when ever possible.
Feelings: Feelings and emotions are personal
thoughts. Managers should control their feelings at
work place.
11. Language: Or words used in a talk are assigned
different meanings by different people.
Managers should work around with the
difficulties inherit in language by different
people. Consider using graphs and other
visuals to convey the message.
Culture: Is everything we have, say, do, or think
as people. Response to cultural habits is a mark
of your respect for them and thus adds
willingness of the audience to listen to your
speech.
Communication obstacles can provoke
negative reactions. Cater your audience to
attain their attention and willingness to think
about your ideas.
12. Support Ideas With Credible Evidences
Begin with your own experience and interests.
The audience is likely to respond positively and
approvingly.
Consider new ideas, information and
techniques to bring your audience up to date
on the subject.
Consider the availability and quality of
information on your topic.
Respect your time limits imposed on you and
consider the amount of detail you plan to
include in your talk.
13. Organize Your Thoughts
• Each speech should include an introduction. A good
introduction will provide you with a good start. There are a
number of proven methods to construct an introduction.
1. An Anecdote: A short tale about one's youth or a funny story
about an incident that happened on the way to work.
2. Humor.
3. A prediction.
4. A dramatic forecast.
5. A striking example.
6. A climatic moment.
7. A suitable quotation.
8. A reference to the occasion.
9. A provocative question.
10. A description.
11. A statement of opinion.
12. Current or recent events.
14. Consider placing your strongest points either
first or last for emphasis. These are the patterns
1. Chronological order: Chronological means
arranged in the order it happened. An
example of chronological is a biography that
starts in 1920 and goes through 1997.
2. Topical organization: A speech organized
topically has main points organized more
randomly by sub-topics.
3. Cause-and-effect.
4. Problem-solution.
5. Geographic.
6. Spatial: happening or existing in space.
15. Several bits of forensic wisdom may prove helpful for managers.
1. Keep it simple.
2. Talk don’t read to your audience.
3. Breathing steadily and naturally will help you focus , relax and
deliver a convincing, entertaining and interesting speech.
Conclusions are amongst the most important portion of a speech.
they allow you to wind up with your speech. Give a cue verbally
and non verbally that you are about to end. and leave the
audience with a clear message and purpose of your speech.
Keep your audience interested:
1. Provide audience with order and structure so they can easily
follow you.
2. Make speech logical.
3. Make the speech reasonable. The more reasoned the more
convincing.
4. Make the intentions of the speech clear.
5. Use simple English.
6. Keep the speech moving.
7. Answer the questions of the audience.
16. Select a delivery approach
Memorized speech: these are delivered word to word as the
author has written it.
Manu scripted: the manager should include each key point.
By doing so he might loose eye contact with the audience.
Extemporaneous: these kind of speeches are thoroughly
researched, organized, and well rehearsed. They are
delivered with the visual aids mostly and are more
convincing.
Impromptu: These kind of speeches are not at all prepared.
While giving an impromptu speech keep following things in
mind:
1. Maintain your poise
2. Decide on your topic
3. Do no apologize
4. Summarize your point
5. Be sincere honest and direct.
17. Develop Your Visual Support
Visual information is the best way of
presenting a new complex data or
technical information. Good visuals are:
1. Simple in nature.
2. Easy to set up, display and transport.
3. Reinforce the spoken message.
18. Rehearse your speech
It will limit timing.
Improve transitions.
Polish your delivery.
Build confidence.
Develop confidence in your massage
and yourself
The more confident the more credible you
are.
19. Deliver Your Message
Consider the following details:
1. Date time and location.
2. Room layout or arrangement of the room.
3. Microphones and acoustics.
4. Visual-aids.
5. Stage.
6. Time limits.
7. Lectern.
8. Notes.
9. Lights.
10. Try out all the equipments that you have to use.
20. Keep Audience Interested As You Speak
Here are some ideas to keep them
interested:
1. Share your own
experiences, values, backgrounds, goals
and fears.
2. Talk first then give the details.
3. Use yourself and involve them.
