A simple presentation describing the different causes, features and treatment techniques of myopia. Accompanied with pictures showing the different signs found on examination

1. Saad Bin Zafar Mahmood

2. 43 diopters
24-25mm
18 diopters
Accomodation at rest

3.  A form of refractive error in which parallel
rays of light entering the eye are focused in
front of retina with accomodation being at
rest

5.  Curvature
 Axial length
 Refractive index
 Positional

6.  Congenital
 Simple
 Degenerative

7.  Unilateral / Bilateral
 Stationary
 Associated with convergent squint

8.  Most common refractive error
 Age of onset
 Moderate severity
 No degenerative changes

9.  Progressive in nature
 Age of onset
 Severe
 Hereditary in nature

10. Degenerative Increase in axial
changes length of
in sclera eyeball
Changes Elongation
in choroid and stretching
and retina of sclera
DECREASE VISION

17.  Macular hemorrhage
 Posterior staphyloma
 Retinal detachment
 Glaucoma

18.  Distant blurred vision
 Half shutting of eyes
 Divergent squint

19.  Prominent eyeballs
 Anterior chamber is deep
 Ultrasongraphy
 Fundus examination

20.  Concave lenses
◦ Children
◦ Adults
 Contact lenses

21.  Cornea
 For high refractive errors
◦ Clear Lens extraction
◦ Phakic posterior chamber implant

22.  Radial Keratotomy
◦ Radius of the curvature of cornea
is reduced (flattened)
◦ Series of radial incisions in
peripheral cornea
◦ Can correct upto 4 diopters
◦ Less popular these days due to
PRK and LASIK

23.  Photorefractive keratectomy
◦ Laser procedure
◦ Central corneal surface is ablated
◦ Results in flattening of cornea
◦ A 10um ablation corrects a 1 dipotre of myopia

24. Step 1 Step 3
Step 2 Step 4

25.  Absence of post-operative pain
 Less haze
 Rapid recovery

26.  Hybrid of PRK and
LASIK
 It involves separation
of epithelium
 Difference with LASIK
is the thickness of
epithelium