The LNG Liquefaction Process - How Natural Gas is Cooled and Transported
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Presented by: Marjan Roos
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The LNG Liquefaction Process - How Natural Gas is Cooled and Transported
- 1. The LNG Liquefaction Process - Fancy Household Appliances Marjan Roos Global Process Engineering Chief Bechtel Oil Gas & Chemicals, Houston
- 2. LNG Value Chain Field Development Pipeline Liquefaction Shipping Regas Terminal Power Generation
- 3. LNG Value Chain (cont’d) Liquefaction Shipping Regas Terminal Power Generation Field Development Pipeline
- 4. LNG Value Chain (cont’d) Shipping Regas Terminal Power Generation Field Development Pipeline Liquefaction
- 5. LNG Value Chain (cont’d) Regas Terminal Power Generation Field Development Pipeline Liquefaction Shipping
- 6. LNG Value Chain (cont’d) Power Generation Field Development Pipeline Liquefaction Shipping Regas Terminal
- 7. LNG Value Chain (cont’d) Field Development Pipeline Liquefaction Shipping Regas Terminal Power Generation
- 8. Natural Gas – Where is it
- 9. Natural Gas – Who Wants it
- 10. Natural Gas – How to Transport • Pipeline – Max 6000 km onshore – Max 3000 km offshore – Unsuitable across deep seabed • Ship – Gas needs to be liquefied to reduce volume
- 11. Reduce Volume for Transportation Natural gas • Atmospheric pressure • Ambient temperature Liquefied Natural Gas • Atmospheric pressure • -160°C • 1/600th of gas volume
- 12. LNG – Product Specifications • Contaminants – Mercury – Hydrogen Sulfide • Freezing Components – Water – CO2 – “Heavies” • Inert Gas – Nitrogen, CO2
- 13. The liquefaction process Natural Gas Acid Gas Water Nitrogen Heavies LNG
- 14. Inlet Treating – Washing Machine
- 15. Inlet Treating - Dryer
- 16. Liquefaction – Refrigerator/Freezer COLD COLDER COLDEST
- 17. Coldbox Cryogenic Equipment, piping and valves in Ethylene, Methane and NRU is “packaged” in a coldbox. The “box” is the size of a multi-story building and is filled with expanded-perlite insulation material, covering and insulating all equipment.
- 18. Why does LNG not evaporate???
- 19. LNG DOES evaporate! • LNG “boils” at -160 °C • Evaporations requires heat • The LNG cools it self by evaporating some of it’s liquid – auto refrigeration • Compare with acetone “boiling” off your finger tips – they feel cold
- 20. Regasification
- 21. LNG is cool!