5 job adda doc 2

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
This project is aimed at developing an online search Portal for the Placement Details
for job seekers. The system is an online application that can be accessed throughout the
organization and outside as well with proper login provided. This system can be used as an
Online Job Portal for job seekers. Job Seekers logging should be able to upload their
information in the form of a CV. Visitors/Company representatives logging in may also
access/search any information put up by Job aspirants.
1.2 Purpose
This system can be used as an Online Job Portal for the Placements providing to the
unemployed who are seeking for a job placement. Job Seeker logging into the system and
he can should be able to upload their information in the form of a CV. Visitors/Company
representatives logging in may also access/search any information put up by Job Seeker.
The purpose of designing the online job portal is to give the job seekers a platform for
finding a right and a satisfactory job according to their qualification. It also connects the
job seekers with the major agencies.
It also provides Jobs portal for Job Seekers to submit their CV and apply for job
posting and Employer can select best Employees from Available CV based on their
payment option selection. This is basically a Job portal where job Seeker applies for jobs
and employer post jobs and select prospective applicant.
1.3 Objectives
The objective of the application is to develop a system using which job applicants and
recruiters can communicate with each other. An Online Job Portal is an application where
the job seekers can register themselves at the website and search jobs which are suitable
for them where as the employers register with the website and put up jobs which are vacant
at their company.

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The Online Job Portal System is a package to be used by agencies to improve the
efficiency of business. The Online Job Portal System to be developed benefits greatly the
members. The system provides jobs catalogue and information to members and helps them
decide on the jobs to apply. The Admin and employers can keep the jobs catalogue updated
all the time so that the Job seekers get the updated information all the time.
The Objective of the system can be as follows:-
 Maintain Job Seeker and Employer records
 Maintain uploaded Resumes
 Provide Customized Job Postings
 Maintain Job Posting details and generate various reports
 To help the client in retrieving the information fastly.
 To develop a user friendly project.
1.4 Project Significance
Job portal is prepared for provide all categories of job and help to get various type of
job. The main purpose of job portal is to provide the facility to job seekers for getting the
quick job.So; it enables applicants to search for jobs in a convenient manner and to enable
employers to find suitable candidates.
1.5 Limitations
 There is no any online Payment gateway provided in this portal. So, any company
which would register would not be able to pay online. Payment would be done by
check/case.
 There are no banners for advertisement on the site.
 This system can run only on Windows platform.
 Supported only in My SQL database.
 No security of data.
 No N-level category.
 Supportive language is only English.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
2.1 Introduction
This chapter defines facts and finding on Job Portal after read some articles, books,
websites or journals that are related to the system, decide, describe methodology that are
used to develop the system, state out project requirements, explain action plan prior to the
end of the project and attach Gantt chart.
2.2 Facts and Finding on Job Portal
In this section, all the information related to the online job portal system can be
found by surfing the Internet and go to the library. Literature review is done and findings
are come out after read through all the information. This section discusses about the
research that have been done for this courseware. The research includes the entire
information that is related on the system proposed which focused on the research of e-
management system. E-management is a quite big field to do research.
2.3 Existing System
The existing system is doing all the processes manually. The personnel should refer
all the records kept for years ago to simply know details. This so tedious and time
consuming. This process is so difficult when the number of users increases.
2.3.1 Drawbacks of Existing System
There are a lot of limitations for the existing systems
 Time consuming
 Not accurate
 Error prone
 Large amounts of records are to be kept

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 Complicated procedure
 May not complete in time
 Paper work is very tedious
 Report production is very slow
 All the registers are kept for a long period
 Searching for a file or record is very difficult
Due to all this reasons we are moving for the proposed system.
2.4 Proposed System
The proposed system is a web based application which allows applicants and
employers to register their details. Applicants can browse through the vacancy details that
are posted and can apply for the jobs online. Employers can browse through the posted
resumes and select suitable candidates.
2.4.1 Advantages of proposed system
The proposed system is intended to avoid all the drawbacks of existing system. It will
add some more features than the existing system. The proposed system is a cost effective
way of doing the manual processes done in the existing system. This helps the organization
to win the war in the existing competitive world. The proposed system is intended to do the
following:
 Enable to meet challenges
 Prepare and produce accurate outputs
 Reduce the time needed
 Reduce the expenses
 Make information flow efficient
 Easy report generation
 Attractive user interface.

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2.5 Research
A useful fact and finding is to research the application and problem. Computer
trade journals, reference books and the Internet are good sources of information. They can
provide information on how others have solved similar problems, plus can learn whether or
not software packages exist to solve the problem.
2.6 Project Methodology
The project methodology that used in the development of the system is the System
Development Life Cycle (SDLC). SDLC is the process of understanding how an
Information System (IS) can support business needs, designing the system, building it and
delivering it to users. The SDLC is composing of four phases:
Figure 1-The Waterfall Development Methodology
Product Product
Input Output
Process
Communicated
Requirements
Requirements
Specification
Design
Specification
Executable
Software
Modules
Integrated
Software
Product
Delivered
Software
Product
Changed
Requirements
Requirements
Engineering
Design
Programming
Integration
Delivery
Maintenance

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The approach that used in the system development methodology is the Iterated Waterfall
Design. This is the implementation of SDLC step by step into the system development
methodology.
Planning-In planning phase, to develop a new system which is a first step is to identify
need for the "Job Portal", and also plan how to develop the functional requirements of a
system. This will include determining whether a business problem or opportunity exists,
conducting a feasibility study to determine the developing a project plan.
Analysis-In this phase, analysis of the current systems and investigates any problems
associated with it is found. Other sources of information about system and the new
requirements would also be investigated at this time. The output from this stage would
probably be no more than a set of notes.
Design-After the requirements have been determined, the necessary specifications for the
hardware, software, people, and data resources, and the information products that will
satisfy the requirements of the proposed system can be determined. The design will serve
as a blueprint for the system and helps detect problems before these errors or problems are
built into the final system
Implementation-The implementation phase is described as those activities that begin
when the system design has been completed. Coding and debugging is the act of creating
the final system.
System-Last phase is system which is when development is complete and the system is in
daily use. It is the longest life-cycle phase. System involves correcting errors which were
not discovered in earlier stages of life cycle; improving the implementation of system units
and enhancing the Bus Ticket Reservation System services as new requirement are
discovered

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CHAPTER III
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
3.1 Introduction
This chapter aims to describe the problem analysis for the existing system and the
requirement analysis for the purpose system, Job Portal. This chapter is about analysis
phase. Analysis phase is the step that is concern with first studying the existing system,
then using the information gathered to define the requirements for a new system. There are
many fact-gathering techniques that can use in gathering the information such as interview,
observation, questionnaires and other method. Analysis follows the problem recognition
and feasibility phases and must be completed before the design phase can begin.
System analysis is a detailed study of various operation performed by a system and
the relationship within and outside of the system. One aspect of analysis is defining the
boundaries of a system and determining whether or not a candidate system should consider
other related system. Analysis begins when a user or manager begins a study of the
programs using an existing system.
During analysis data is collected on the various files, decision points and
transactions handled by the present systems. This means that to do system works, one is to
understand the system concepts and how the organizations operate as a system and the
design appropriate computer based system and that will make the organization
requirements. It is actually customized approach to the use of computer problem solving.
Analysis can be defined as the separation of a substance into parts for study an
interpretation, detailed examination. System development revolves around a life cycle that
being with the recognition of user names. The critical phase of managing system project is
planning. To launch a system investigation, we need a master plan detailing steps taken,
the people to be questioned and outcome expected. System analysis can be categorized into
four parts:
 System planning and initial investigation
 Information gathering
 Analyzing tools for structured analysis
 Feasibility study
 Cost Benefit Analysis

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System study or system analysis is the first among the four life cycle phases of a
system. System analysis begins when a user or manager request a studying of a program in
either an existing system or a project one. It involves studying the base of the organization
currently operating, retrieving and processing data to produce information with goal of
determining how to make it work better. System analysis itself breaks down into stages
preliminary and detailed. During preliminary analysis, the analyst and the user list the
objectives of the system. To arrive at a preliminary report, the analyst interviews key
personnel in the organization and scheduling meetings with the users and management.
The objective of analysis phase of the system analysis and design exercise is the
establishment of the requirement for the system to be acquired, developed and installed. In
brief analysis of the system helps an analyst to make a clear view of an existing system and
thereby give suggestions for the improvement of the new system information about the
organizations, policies, goals, objectives and structure explains the kind of environment
that promotes the introduction of the computer based system. It is necessary that the
analyst must be familiar with the objectives, activities and functions of the organizations.
3.2 Problem Analysis
Problem analysis will be discussed in term of background of current system and problem
statements.
3.2.1 Principles of System Analysis:
 Understand the problem before you begin to create the analysis model.
 Develop prototypes that enable a user to understand how human machine
interaction will occur.
 Record the origin of and the reason for every requirement.
 Use multiple views of requirements like building data, function and behavioral
models.
 Work to eliminate ambiguity
System Analysis is a separation of a substance into parts for study and their
implementation and detailed examination.

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Before designing any system it is important that the nature of the business and the
way it currently operates are clearly understood. The detailed examination provides the
specific data required during designing in order to ensure that all the client's requirements
are fulfilled. The investigation or the study conducted during the analysis phase is largely
based on the feasibility study. Rather it would not be wrong to say that the analysis and
feasibility phases overlap. High-level analysis begins during the feasibility study.
Though analysis is represented as one phase of the system development life cycle
(SDLC), this is not true. Analysis begins with system initialization and continues until its
maintenance. Even after successful implementation of the system, analysis may play its
role for periodic maintenance and up gradation of the system. One of the main causes of
project failures is inadequate understanding, and one of the main causes of inadequate
understanding of the requirements is the poor planning of system analysis.
3.3 Feasibility Study
Once you define a problem you have to analyze whether this is feasible or not,
because all possible solutions are not feasible and feasible one is not always possible. The
detailed studies carried out to check the work ability of proposed system. A feasibility
study is a test of system proposal regarding to its work ability, impact on the organization
ability to meet user needs an effective use of resources. Thus when a new application is
proposed it normally goes through a feasibility study before it is approved for deployment.
Thus during feasibility analysis for this project, following primary areas of interest
are to be considered. Investigating the existing system in the area under investigation and
generating ideas about a new system does this :
1. Economic Feasibility: An evaluation of development cost weighed against the
ultimate income of benefit derived from the development system of product. In
economic feasibility, cost benefit analysis is done in which expected cost and
benefits are evaluated.
2. Technical Feasibility: The technical issue usually raised during the feasibility
stage of the investigation includes the following:

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 Does the necessary technology exist to do what is suggested?
 Do the proposed equipments have the technical capacity to hold the data required
to use the new system?
 Will the proposed system provide adequate response to inquiries, regardless of
the number or location of users?
 Can the system be upgraded if developed?
 Are there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data
security?
Earlier no system existed to cater to the needs of ‘Secure Infrastructure
Implementation System’. The current system developed is technically feasible.
Thus it provides an easy access to the users. The database’s purpose is to create,
establish and maintain a workflow among various entities in order to facilitate all
concerned users in their various capacities or roles.
Permission to the users would be granted based on the roles specified.
Therefore, it provides the technical guarantee of accuracy, reliability and security.
The work for the project is done with the current equipment and existing software
technology. Necessary bandwidth exists for providing a fast feedback to the users
irrespective of the number of users using the system.
3. Operational Feasibility: Operational feasibility is mainly concerned with issues
like whether the system will be used if it is developed and implemented. Whether
there will be resistance from users that will affect the possible application benefits?
The essential questions that help in testing the technical feasibility of a system are
following:
 Does management support the project?
 Are the users not happy with current business practices? Will it reduce the time
considerably? If yes, then they will welcome the change and the new system.
 Have the users involved in the planning and development of the project? Early
involvement reduced the probability of resistance towards the new system.
 Will the proposed system really benefit the organization? Does the overall response
increase? Will accessibility of information be lost? Will the system affect the
customers in considerable way?

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4. Legal Feasibility: A determination of any infringement, violation, or liability that
could result from development of the system. Legal feasibility tells that the
software used in the project should be original purchased from the legal authorities
and they have the license to use it or the software are pirated.
3.4 Object Oriented Analysis
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a software engineering approach
that models a system as a group of interacting objects. Each object represents some entity
of interest in the system being modeled, and is characterized by its class, its state (data
elements), and its behavior. Various models can be created to show the static structure,
dynamic behavior, and run-time deployment of these collaborating objects. There are a
number of different notations for representing these models, such as the Unified Modeling
Language (UML).
Object-oriented analysis (OOA) applies object-modelling techniques to analyze the
functional requirements for a system. Object-oriented design (OOD) elaborates the
analysis models to produce implementation specifications. OOA focuses on what the
system does, OOD on how the system does it.
An object-oriented system is composed of objects. The behavior of the system
results from the collaboration of those objects. Collaboration between objects involves
them sending messages to each other. Sending a message differs from calling a function in
that when a target object receives a message, it itself decides what function to carry out to
service that message. The same message may be implemented by many different functions,
the one selected depending on the state of the target object.
The implementation of "message sending" varies depending on the architecture of
the system being modeled, and the location of the objects being communicated with.
3.5 Architectural Specification
Three tier architecture, also referred to as multi tier architecture as the middle tier
may consists of several tiers by itself, emerged in 1990’s to overcome the limitations of the
two tier architecture.

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The third tier architecture is between the user and the interface run on client and the
database management system run on the server. This middle tier provides process
management where business logic and rules are executed and can accommodate hundreds
of users, as compared to two tiered architecture. This architecture is the evolution of two
tier applications. Logically the application is divided into three constituent layers:
User services:
Presentation layer: provides services such as the graphical user interface and other
automation task that the application has to perform.
Business services:
Business layer: implements business rules. This layer encapsulates the business
logic from user such that they need not know how business logic is applied. When project
is upgraded only the business layer is affected and must be upgraded, the rest of
application services can remain untouched.
Data services:
Data layer: provides data availability and integrity. It is responsible for adding
modifying and deleting data from database.
The middle tier is basically application code, which a user invokes via the
presentation layer to validate/insert/update/delete and retrieve business data from viewing.
The presentation layer then receives the data and formats it for display. The separation of
application logic from the user interface adds enormous flexibility to the design of an
application.
The thid tier contains the business data required by the application. This business
data can be held within an enterprise database such as SQL Server or a set of XML
documents i.e. data that has been stored in a well formed document conforming to XML
specifications.

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3.6 Input Design
The input design is the link that ties information system into the world of its users.
Input design consist of developing specific procedures for data preparation, steps necessary
to put the transaction data in the form that is usable for computer processing. Main
objectives that guides in the input design stages are:
 Controlling the amount of Inputs
 Avoiding inordinate delay
 Controlling errors
The accuracy of the output depends on the accuracy of the input and its processing.
Thus, for this proposed system, the input design is in the format of web pages for the user
in format of form for the administrator.
Validation checks are to be built in the system to avoid any error entries from the users.
Hence the input design is the process of converting user-oriented inputs to a computer
based format. So, input interface design takes an important role in controlling the errors
Customized messages are given in place of system messages, while the data
manipulation is being carried out. There for, the input interface design should be made in
such a way that it can be easily understandable to the user by using meaningful and
appropriate words.
3.7 Output Design
Computer output is the most important and direct source of information to the
administrator. Efficient, intelligible output design should improve the systems relationship
with the appraisal. A major form output, reports, is a hard copy from printer. When
designing output, system analyst must accomplish the following.
 Determine what information should be present
 Decide whether to display, print the information and select the output medium
 Arrange the presentation of information in an acceptable format
 Decide how to distributes the outputs

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3.8 Database Design
Database is designed to manage large bodies of information. The management of data
involves both the definitions of structures for the storage of information. In addition the
data base system must provide for the safety of the information solved, despite system
crashes or due to attempts at unauthorized access. For developing an efficient database we
have to fulfill certain conditions such as controlled redundancy.
 Defining the data
 Inputting the data
 Locating the data
 Accessing the data
 Communicating the data
 Revising the data
3.8.1 Objectives of Database design
In this data base design several objectives are designed such as :
 Ease of use
 Control of data integrity
 Control of redundancy
 Control of security
 Data independence (logical & physical)
3.9 Software & Hardware Requirements:
HARDWARE
Processor : Pentium 2.4 GHz or above
Memory : 256 MB RAM or above
Cache Memory : 128 KB or above
Hard Disk : 3 GB or above [at least 3 MB free space required]

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SOFTWARE
Operating System : Windows XP (Professional).
Font-End Tool : Visual Studio 2010 (Professional).
Back-End : Sql Server 2008 Express
3.10 Software Descriptions
Introduction to .NET Framework
The .NET Framework is a new computing platform that simplifies application
development in the highly distributed environment of the Internet. The .NET Framework is
designed to fulfill the following objectives:
 To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code
is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed
remotely.
 To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment and
versioning conflicts.
 To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees safe execution of code,
including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.
 To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of
scripted or interpreted environments.
 To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of
applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications.
 To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the
.NET Framework can integrate with any other code.
The .NET Framework has two main components: the common language runtime and
the .NET Framework class library. The common language runtime is the foundation of the
.NET Framework. You can think of the runtime as an agent that manages code at execution
time, providing core services such as memory management, thread management, and
Remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety and other forms of code accuracy that

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ensure security and robustness. The class library, the other main component of the .NET
Framework, is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you can
use to develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or graphical user
interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the latest innovations provided by
ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web services.
You can use the .NET Framework to develop the following types of applications
and services:
 Console applications.
 Scripted or hosted applications.
 Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms).
 ASP.NET applications.
 XML Web services.
 Windows services.
3.11. ASP.NET
Server Application Development
Server-side applications in the managed world are implemented through runtime
hosts. Unmanaged applications host the common language runtime, which allows your
custom managed code to control the behavior of the server. This model provides you with
all the features of the common language runtime and class library while gaining the
performance and scalability of the host server.
The following illustration shows a basic network schema with managed code
running in different server environments. Servers such as IIS and SQL Server can perform
standard operations while your application logic executes through the managed code
Server-Side Managed Code
ASP.NET is the hosting environment that enables developers to use the .NET
Framework to target Web-based applications. However, ASP.NET is more than just a
runtime host; it is a complete architecture for developing Web sites and Internet-distributed
objects using managed code. Both Web Forms and XML Web services use IIS and

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ASP.NET as the publishing mechanism for applications, and both have a collection of
supporting classes in the .NET Framework.
XML Web services, an important evolution in Web-based technology, are
distributed, server-side application components similar to common Web sites. However,
unlike Web-based applications, XML Web services components have no UI and are not
targeted for browsers such as Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.
The .NET Framework also provides a collection of classes and tools to aid in
development and consumption of XML Web services applications. XML Web services are
built on standards such as SOAP (a remote procedure-call protocol), XML (an extensible
data format), and WSDL ( the Web Services Description Language). The .NET Framework
is built on these standards to promote interoperability with non-Microsoft solutions.
If you develop and publish your own XML Web service, the .NET Framework
provides a set of classes that conform to all the underlying communication standards, such
as SOAP, WSDL, and XML. Using those classes enables you to focus on the logic of your
service, without concerning yourself with the communications infrastructure required by
distributed software development.
Finally, like Web Forms pages in the managed environment, your XML Web
service will run with the speed of native machine language using the scalable
communication of IIS.
Active server pages.net
ASP.NET is a programming framework built on the common language runtime that
can be used on a server to build powerful Web applications. ASP.NET offers several
important advantages over previous Web development models:
 Enhanced Performance
 World-Class Tool Support
 Power and Flexibility
 Simplicity
 Manageability
 Scalability and Availability
 Customizability and Extensibility
 Security

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Language Support
The Microsoft .NET Platform currently offers built-in support for three languages:
C#, Visual Basic, and JScript.
What is asp.net web forms?
The ASP.NET Web Forms page framework is a scalable common language runtime
programming model that can be used on the server to dynamically generate Web pages.
Intended as a logical evolution of ASP (ASP.NET provides syntax compatibility
with existing pages), the ASP.NET Web Forms framework has been specifically designed
to address a number of key deficiencies in the previous model. In particular, it provides:
 The ability to create and use reusable UI controls that can encapsulate common
functionality and thus reduce the amount of code that a page developer has to write.
 The ability for developers to cleanly structure their page logic in an orderly fashion
(not "spaghetti code").
 The ability for development tools to provide strong WYSIWYG design support for
pages (existing ASP code is opaque to tools).
ASP.NET Web Forms pages are text files with an .aspx file name extension. They
can be deployed throughout an IIS virtual root directory tree. When a browser client
requests .aspx resources, the ASP.NET runtime parses and compiles the target file into a
.NET Framework class. This class can then be used to dynamically process incoming
requests. (Note that the .aspx file is compiled only the first time it is accessed; the
compiled type instance is then reused across multiple requests).
Code-Behind Web Forms
ASP.NET supports two methods of authoring dynamic pages. The first is the
method shown in the preceding samples, where the page code is physically declared within
the originating .aspx file. An alternative approach--known as the code-behind method--
enables the page code to be more cleanly separated from the HTML content into an
entirely separate file.

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Introduction to asp.net server controls
1. ASP.NET Web Forms provide an easy and powerful way to build dynamic Web UI.
2. ASP.NET Web Forms pages can target any browser client (there are no script library or
cookie requirements).
3. ASP.NET Web Forms pages provide syntax compatibility with existing ASP pages.
4. ASP.NET server controls provide an easy way to encapsulate common functionality.
5. ASP.NET ships with 45 built-in server controls. Developers can also use controls built
by third parties.
6. ASP.NET server controls can automatically project both uplevel and downlevel
HTML.
7. ASP.NET templates provide an easy way to customize the look and feel of list server
controls.
8. ASP.NET validation controls provide an easy way to do declarative client or server
data validation.
3.12. C#.NET
3.12.1. ADO.NET overview
ADO.NET is an evolution of the ADO data access model that directly addresses
user requirements for developing scalable applications. It was designed specifically for the
web with scalability, statelessness, and XML in mind.
The following sections will introduce you to some objects that have evolved, and some that
are new. These objects are:
 Connections. For connection to and managing transactions against a database.
 Commands. For issuing SQL commands against a database.
 DataReaders. For reading a forward-only stream of data records from a SQL Server
data source.
 DataSets. For storing, Remoting and programming against flat data, XML data and
relational data.
 DataAdapters. For pushing data into a DataSet, and reconciling data against a
database.
When dealing with connections to a database, there are two different options: SQL
Server .NET Data Provider (System.Data.SqlClient) and OLE DB .NET Data Provider

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(System.Data.OleDb). In these samples we will use the SQL Server .NET Data Provider.
These are written to talk directly to Microsoft SQL Server. The OLE DB .NET Data
Provider is used to talk to any OLE DB provider (as it uses OLE DB underneath).
1. ADO.NET is the next evolution of ADO for the .Net Framework.
2. ADO.NET was created with n-Tier, statelessness and XML in the forefront. Two new
objects, the DataSet and DataAdapter, are provided for these scenarios.
3. ADO.NET can be used to get data from a stream, or to store data in a cache for
updates.
4. There is a lot more information about ADO.NET in the documentation.
5. Remember, you can execute a command directly against the database in order to do
inserts, updates, and deletes. You don't need to first put data into a DataSet in order to
insert, update, or delete it.
6. Also, you can use a DataSet to bind to the data, move through the data, and navigate
data relationships
3.13. Sql server
A database management, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps
them transform the data into information. Such database management systems include
dBase, paradox, IMS, SQL Server and SQL Server. These systems allow users to create,
update and extract information from their database.
SQL Server stores each data item in its own fields. In SQL Server, the fields
relating to a particular person, thing or event are bundled together to form a single
complete unit of data, called a record (it can also be referred to as raw or an occurrence).
Each record is made up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same
field name..
3.13.1. Advantages of RDBMS
 Redundancy can be avoided
 Inconsistency can be eliminated
 Data can be Shared
 Standards can be enforced
 Security restrictions ca be applied

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 Integrity can be maintained
 Conflicting requirements can be balanced
 Data independence can be achieved.
3.13.2. Disadvantages of DBMS
A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In addition to the cost of
purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to allow for the
extensive programs and the workspace required for their execution and storage. While
centralization reduces duplication, the lack of duplication requires that the database be
adequately backed up so that in case of failure the data can be recovered.
3.13.3. Features of sql server (RDBMS)
SQL SERVER is one of the leading database management systems (DBMS)
because it is the only Database that meets the uncompromising requirements of today’s
most demanding information systems. From complex decision support systems (DSS) to
the most rigorous online transaction processing (OLTP) application, even application that
require simultaneous DSS and OLTP access to the same critical data, SQL Server leads the
industry in both performance and capability
SQL SERVER is a truly portable, distributed, and open DBMS that delivers unmatched
performance, continuous operation and support for every database.
SQL SERVER with transactions processing option offers two features which contribute to
very high level of transaction processing throughput, which are:
 The row level lock manager
 Enterprise wide data sharing
 Portability
 Open systems
 Distributed data sharing
 Unmatched performance
 Sophisticated concurrency control

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CHAPTER IV
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Introduction
The design document that we will develop during this phase is the blueprint of the
software. It describes how the solution to the customer problem is to be built. Since
solution to complex problems isn’t usually found in the first try, iterations are most likely
required. This is true for software design as well. For this reason, any design strategy,
design method, or design language must be flexible and must easily accommodate changes
due to iterations in the design. Any technique or design needs to support and guide the
partitioning process in such a way that the resulting sub-problems are as independent as
possible from each other and can be combined easily for the solution to the overall
problem. Sub-problem independence and easy combination of their solutions reduces the
complexity of the problem.
4.2 Modules
Below are the different modules used in the project. It contains different features a
particular module support. All these modules are independently developed and are
integrated later. Administrator roles are developed after all the forms are developed so that
back end word can be seen easily various modules used are:
There are following modules in the systems:
 Job Seeker Module
 Employer Module
 Administration Module
The application comprises the following major modules:
4.2.1. Job Seeker Module
This module provides functionalities for job seekers. Applicants can post their resumes
with personal and professional details. They can also update the resume as frequently as

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required. The applicant can also browse through the present vacancies available. Job
seekers can also get mail alerts when their resumes are selected by employers.
4.2.2. Employer Module
This module provides functionalities related to employers. Employers can post vacancy
details and update the details as and when necessary. Employers can search through
applicant resumes based on different criteria.
4.2.3. Administration Module:
This module provides administrator related functionalities. Administrator manages entire
application and maintains the profiles of applicants and employers.
4.3 Context diagram
The highest level data flow diagram is the context diagram.
• The context diagram shows the interaction of the system with its environment in terms
of data flows
• The context diagram defines the boundary of the system (the scope of the system)
• Only the data flows which leave the system and the data flows which come from
outside the system are shown.

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Figure 2-Context Diagram

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4.4 Sequence Diagram
Sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one
another and what is their order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. A sequence
diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts the objects and
classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages exchanged between the
objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario. Sequence diagrams are
typically associated with use of case realizations in the logical view of the system under
development. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams o event scenarios.
Figure 3-Sequence Diagram for Admin
Admin Login Bal : AdminLogin Dal : SqlHelper DataBase
1 : Login()
2 : CheckUser()
3 : Execute NonQuery()
4 : Exeute NonQuery()
5 : Response to ExecuteNonQuery()
6 : Get Response()
7 : Show Result()

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Figure 4-Sequence Diagram for Jobseeker
Figure 5-Sequence Diagram for Recruiter
JobSeeker Update Jobseeker Profile BAL : clsUpdateJobSeekerProfile DAL : sqlhelper DataBase
1 : ModifyProfile()
2 : UpdateProfile()
3 : ExecuteNonQuery()
5 : Response To ExecuteNonQuery()
6 : Return Response()
7 : Show Result()
JobRecuriter Update JobRecuriter Profile BAL : clsJobrecuriterProfile DAL : sqlhelper DataBase
1 : ModifyProfile()
2 : UpdateProfile()
5 : Response To ExecuteNonQuery()
6 : Return Response()
7 : Show Result()

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4.5 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)
Data flow diagram is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and
transforms that are applied as data move from input to output. The DFD is also known
as Data Flow Graphs or Bubble Chart. The DFD is used to represent increasing
information flow and functional details. Also DFD can be states as the starting point of
the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirements specifications down to
the lowest level of detail.
A level zero also called the fundamental system model or a context level DFD that
represent the entire software elements as a single bubble with input and output data
indicated by incoming and outgoing arrows, respectively. Additional process and
information flow parts are represented in the next level, i.e., level 1 DFD. Each of the
processes represented at level 1 are sub functions of overall system depicted in the
context model. Any processes that atre complex in level 1 will be further represented
into sub functions in the next level, i.e., level 2.
Data Flow Diagram is a means of representing a system at any level of detail with a
graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes and data
sources. The purpose of data flow diagram is to provide a semantic bridge between
users and system developers. The diagram is the basis of structured system analysis. A
DFD describes what data flows rather than how they are processed, so it does not
depend on hardware, software, data structure or file organization.
4.5.1 Components of Data Flow Diagram
There are four symbols that are used in the drawing of data flow diagrams
 Entities
External entities represent the sources of data that enter the system or the recipients
of data that leave the system

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 Process
Processes represent activities in which data is manipulated by being stored or retrieved or
transformed in some way. A circle represents it. The process will show the data
transformation or change.
 Database
Databases represent storage of data within the system
 Data Flow
A data flow shows a flow of information from its source to its destination. A line
represents a data flow, with arrow heads showing the direction of flow.
4.5.2. Silent features of DFD’s
1. The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled
considerations do not appear on a DFD.
2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the
dataflow take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.

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3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.
LEVEL 0 DFD:
 The level zero data flow diagram is the diagram at the level immediately below
the context diagram.
 It "expands" the single process on the context diagram to show the major, high-
level processes (or functions) within the system
Figure 6-Level 0 DFD

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LEVEL: 1 DFD

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LEVEL: 2 DFD

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4.6 ER Diagram
Peter Chen originally proposed Entity- Relationship Diagram (ERD) for the design of
relational data base system. The E-R Database model is based on a perception of real world
that consist of a set of basic objects called entities and relationships among these objects.
Sets of primary components identified for the ERD ; Data objects, attributes, relationships
and various type indicators. The ERD enables us to identify data entity and relationships
using a graphical notation. This model consist of three interrelated pieces of information.
Entity (Data Object)
A Data Object is a representation of any composite information that must be understood by
software
Attributes
It defines the properties of an entity and takes on one of three different characteristics.
They can be used to name an instance of the data object, describe the instance and make
references to another instance in another table.
Relationships
Entities are connected to one another in a variety of different ways
 Cardinality
 Modality
An entity–relationship model (ER model) is a data model for describing the data or
information aspects of a business domain or its process requirements, in an abstract way
that lends itself to ultimately being implemented in a database such as a relational
database. The main components of ER models are entities (things) and the relationships
that can exist among them, and databases. An entity may be defined as a thing capable of
an independent existence that can be uniquely identified. An entity is an abstraction from
the complexities of a domain. When we speak of an entity, we normally speak of some
aspect of the real world that can be distinguished from other aspects of the real world.

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Figure 9- E-R diagram of job portal

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4.7 Tables
1. Login
Field name Data type Constraint Description
Username char(20) Primary key Name of user
Password varchar2(12) - Password of user
Role char(10) - Admin/ HR /Candidate
2. Candidate_basic
candidate_id Number Primary key ID of Candidate
Username char(15) Foreign key Username
que_id Number Foreign key ID of Question
Ans varchar2(15) - Answer
profile_date Date - Date of Profile
first_name char(15) - First name of user
middle_name char(15) - Middle name of user
last_name char(15) - Last name of user
Gender char(6) - Gender
Dob Date - Date of birth
contact_no number(15) - Contact no
email_id varchar2(30) - Email ID
profile_status char(5) - Active / Inactive
3. Candidate education

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perc11 number(4,2) - 11th
Percentage
perc12 number(4,2) - 12th
Percentage
graduation varchar2(10) - Graduation
institute_grad varchar2(25) - Institute of Graduation
perc_grad number(4,2) - Graduation %
post_grad varchar2(10) - Post-graduation
institute_post_grad varchar2(25) - Institute of Post-grad
perc_post_grad number(4,2) - Post-graduation %
dr_phd varchar2(10) - Doctorate / PhD
institute_dr_phd varchar2(25) - Dr. / PhD Institute
perc_dr_phd number(4,2) - Dr. / PhD %
certification varchar2(10) - Certification Course
4. Candidate professional
candidate_prof_id Number - ID of Professional
area_id Number Foreign key ID of area
Expr varchar2(15) - How much Experience
Salary varchar2(20) - Salary
Industry varchar2(25) - Work Industry
ind_role varchar2(25) - Role in industry
Skills varchar2(50) - Key Skills

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5. Candidate Address
candidate_id Number Foreign key ID of Candidate
candidate_addrs_id Number Primary key ID of Address
candidate_addrs varchar2(50) - Local address
city_id Number Foreign key ID of City
6. Company
company_id Number Primary key ID of Company
company_name varchar2(20) - Name of Company
contact_person varchar2(25) - Contact-person Name
company_contact number(15) - Contact number
company_email_id varchar2(30) - Company email id
company_details varchar2(200) - Details of Company
company_status char(10) - Active / Inactive
7. Company Branch Address
company_id Number Foreign key ID of Company
branch_id Number Primary key ID of Branch
area_id Number Foreign key ID of Area
branch_address varchar2(50) - Local address
city_id Number Foreign key ID of City

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8. Package
package_id Number Primary key ID of Package
package_cost Number - Total or Per-resume
no_jobpost Number - No. of Job-postings
9. Company Package
company_package_id Number Primary key ID-Company package
package_id Number Foreign key ID of Package
package_date Date - Date of selection
10. Job Applied
applied_id Number Primary key ID of Applied job
jobpost_id Number Foreign key ID of Vacancy
resume_id Number Foreign key ID of Resume
applied_date Date - Date when applied
11. Job Post
jobpost_id Number Primary key ID-Company package

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job_title varchar2(20) - Title of Job
branch_id Number Foreign key ID of Branch
post_id Number Foreign key ID of Post
no_vacancy Number - Number of vacancy
start_date Date - Starting date
end_date Date - Ending date
expr_req varchar2(15) - Experience
Requirement
skills_req varchar2(30) - Skills Requirement
edu_req varchar2(10) - Education Requirement
basic_req varchar2(30) - Basic Requirement
salary_given varchar2(20) - Salary Given
jobpost_status char(10) - Active/ Outdate / Full
12. Company Block
ccb_id Number Primary key ID of Blocking
block_date Date - Date when blocked
block_status char(10) - Active / Inactive
13. Post
post_id Number Primary key ID of Area

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post_name char(10) - Name of the Post
14. Category
category_id Number Primary key ID of Category
category_name char(10) - Name of Category
category_status char(10) - Active / Inactive
15. Area
area_id Number Primary key ID of Area
category_id Number Foreign key ID of Category
area_name varchar2(10) - Name of the area
16. Question
que_id Number Primary key ID of Question
Que varchar2(50) Full Question
17. Country
country_id Number Primary key ID of Country
country_name char(20) - Name of the Country
country_status char(10) - Active / Inactive

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18. State
state_id Number Primary key ID of State
state_name char(20) - Name of the State
country_id Number Foreign key ID of the Country
state_status char(10) - Active / Inactive
19. City
city_id Number Primary key ID of City
city name char(20) - Name of the City
state_id Number Foreign key ID of the State
dist_status varchar2(10) - Active / Inactive
20. Resume
resume_id Number Primary key ID of Resume
resume headline varchar2(30) - Headline of Resume

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CHAPTER V
FORM LAYOUT
5.1 Home page
Description: This is the Home Page of website.

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7.2. Jobseeker’s Login Page
Description: This is the Jobseeker’s Login Page with forgot password and registration
link.

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7.3. New Jobseeker Registration:
Personal Details
Description: This page is used to fill personal details of new jobseeker.

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Education Details
Description: This page is used to fill Educational detail of new jobseeker.

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Professional Details
Description: This page is used to fill professional detail of new jobseeker.

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7.4. Active Profile
Description: This page is used to view active profile of jobseeker.

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7.5. Forgot Password
Description: This page is used to get new password for jobseeker.

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7.6. Search jobs
Description: This page is used to search jobs by using different options.

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7.7. Recruiter Login
Description: This page is used for Recruiter login and Registration.

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7.8. Recruiter Profile
Description: This page displays the profile of recruiters.

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7.9. Administrator Login
Description: This page used by admin for Login .

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7.10. User Names & Passwords
Description: This page used by admin to view all usernames and password and also to edit
or delete them.

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7.11. Employer’s Profile
Description: This page displays the Employer’s Profile.

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7.12. Post Jobs
Description: This page is used for job posting.

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7.13. Admin Area
Description: This Page displays all the options that Admin Can perform.

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7.14. Add Package
Description: This page is used by Admin for posting of Package provided by Companies.

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7.15. Posted Job
Description: This page displays the posted jobs to admin.

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7.16. Security Question
Description: This page asks is used to recover password by asking security question.

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7.17. Company Package
Description: This page displays Package provided by Company,

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CHAPTER VI
TESTING
6.1 Introduction
Testing should be done through the implementation process. Even before and
application is installed; it makes sense to verify that the basic platform is capable of
achieving its design capabilities. System testing is a critical process. Testing is a process of
executing a program with the explicit intention of finding errors that is making the program
fail. This helps in finding the bottle neck in the system. Executing a program in a
stimulated environment performs testing. The feedback from testing phase generally
produces changes in the software to deal with errors and failures that are uncovered.
6.2 Types of Testing
6.2.1 Unit Testing:
Here we test each module individually and integrate the overall system. Unit testing
focuses verification effort even in the smallest unit of software development in each
module. This is also known as module testing. The modules of the system are tested
separately. This testing is carried out in the programming style itself. In this testing, each
module is focused to work satisfactorily as regard to expect output from the module.
6.2.2 Integration Testing:
Data can be lost across on an interface, one module have an adverse effect on the
other sub-functions, when combined may not produce the desired functions. Integrated
testing is the systematic testing to uncover the error within the interface. The testing is
done with simple data and the developed system can run successfully with this simple data.
Here the major intention is to find the overall system performance.
6.2.3 Blackbox Testing:
This is a software testing approach in which the tester doesn’t know the internal
working of the item being tested. For example in a Black box test, on software design the

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tester only knows the input and the expected outputs. He doesn’t know how the program
derives the output. He doesn’t even imagine as to how, the coding is done. He need know
only the specifications.
The advantages of this testing approach are-
 The test is unbiased because the designer and the tester is independent of each
other
 The tester needs no specific knowledge on any programming language
 The test is done from the point of view of the user, not the designer.
 The test can be designed as soon as the specifications are complete
The disadvantages of this testing approach are
 The test can be redundant if the software designer has already run a test case.
 The test can be difficult to design
 Testing every possible input stream is unrealistic.
6.2.4 Validation Testing:
At the culmination of Black box testing the software is completely assembled as a
whole package. Interfacing error have been uncovered and corrected and the final series of
tests, that is validation begins. The validation test can be defined by the following simple
definition that validation succeeds when the software functions in a manner that can be
reasonably accepted by the customer.
6.2.5 Output Testing:
After performing validation testing the next step is the output testing. The system
cannot be useful if it does not produce the required output. Asking the user about the
format in which the system is required, test the output that is displayed or generated by the
system under consideration. Here the output format is considered in two way. One is on
screen format and the other is the printed format. The output format on the screen is found
to be correct as the format was designed in the system phase according to user names. As
for hard copy, the output comes according to the specification requested by the user. Here
the output testing doesn’t result in any correction in the system.

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6.2.6 User Acceptance Testing:
User acceptance testing of the system is the key factor of the success of any system.
The system under consideration is tested for user acceptance by constantly keeping in
touch with the prospective system at the time of development and making change
whenever required. This is done with regard to input-output screen designs.
.
6.2.7 White Box Testing:
The White box testing or structural testing performs close operation of procedural
details. They test the software logical path by having test cases exercising specific sets of
condition and loops.
White box testing is done in theproject to remove the errors:
 All modules path have been exercised at least once.
 Exercised on logical decisions.
 Executed all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds.
 Exercised internal data structure to ensure their validity.
6.2.8 Stress Testing:
This testing is done to tackle problems of interface that is putting all interfaces
together. When the separate modules are put together in an integrated manner, this
testing is performed. This testing is systematic technique. This testing is performed to
check the data should not be lost across an interface. The objective is to take an unit
tested module and build a program structure that has been dedicated by design.
6.2.9 System Testing:
System testing is done when the entire system has been fully integrated. The
purpose of the system testing is to test how the different modules interact with each other
and whether the system provides the functionality that was expected.

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Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with
information about the quality of the product or service under test.Software testing also
provides an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate
and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not
limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of
finding software bugs (errors or other defects).
Software testing can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a
software program/application/product:
 meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and
development;
 works as expected; and
 can be implemented with the same characteristics.
6.2.10 Component Testing:
It focuses on verification efforts of the smallest grid of software designing that is a
software component or module is tested. This testing is done at the coding phase. This
testing uses procedural design as guide to test major control path and uncovers errors
within the module boundary. Following test were performed during component test:
 Module Interface Test: Module interface was tested to ensure information flow in
and out of the program unit.
 Local Data Structure Testing: Local data structures were tested to make surety
that data store temporarily maintained their integrity during all steps in algorithm
execution.
 Boundary Condition Testing: Boundary conditions were tested to make sure that
the modules operate properly at boundaries.
 Independent Path Testing: All independent paths through control structure were
checked to make sure that all statements in a module have been executed.
 Error Handling Path Test: This is performed to handle exception.

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6.3 System Security
Security is a critical stage in system development. Even candidate system must
provide built-in features for security and integrity of data. Without safe guards against
unauthorized access, fraud, embezzlement, fire and natural disaster, a system could be so
vulnerable as to threaten the survival of the organizations.
To do an adequate job on security, the risk, exposure, cost and specific measures
such as password should be analyzed to provide protection. In addition, back up of copies
of software and recovery restart procedures must be available when needed.
The amount of protection depends on the sensitivity of data, the reliability of the
user and the complexity of the system. The motive behind security is to keep the
organization running, protect data as an asset and seek management support for more
installations.
6.4 Threats To System Security
The lists of potential threats are :
 Errors and Omissions
 Disgruntled and Dishonest Employees
 Fire
 Natural Disaster
 External Attack
6.5 System Security Measures
After system security risk has been evaluated, the next step is to select security measures.
the measures are
 Identification
 Access Control
 Audit Control
 System Integrity

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6.5.1 Identification
It is the scheme of identifying person to the system based on “ Something you know” such
as a password or a picture badge, “Something you are” such as finger print or voice print or
“Something you have” such as credit card, key or special terminal.
6.5.2 Access Control
Controlling the access to the computer facility is secured through encoded cards or similar
devices. Encryption prevents intruders from accessing data by scrambling messages across
telephones to the destination.
6.5.3 Audit Control
Auditing must be supported at all levels of management. Audit control protects a system
from external security breaches and internal fraud or embezzlement. Various software
programs are available to help in audit function.
6.5.4 System Integrity
This line of different safeguards the functioning of hardware, software and physical
security and operating procedure. Proper back of hardware and software are extremely
important.

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CHAPTER VII
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
As we know, creating software is one thing and the implementation of the created
software is another. The process of implementing software is much difficult as compared
to the task of creating the project. First we have to implement the software on a small scale
for removing the bugs and other errors in the project and after removing them we can
implement the software on a large scale. Before we think in terms of implementing the
Software on a large basis, we must consider the Hardware requirements.
The term Implementation has different meanings ranging from the conversation of
a basic application to a complete replacement of a computer system. The procedures
however, are virtually the same. Implementation includes all those activities that take place
to convert from old systems to new.
The new system may be totally new replacing an existing manual or automated
system or it may be major modification to an existing system. The method of
implementation and time scale to be adopted is found out initially. Neat the system is test
properly and at the same time the users are trained in the new procedure. Proper
implementation is essential to provide a reliable system to meet organization requirement.
Successful and efficient utilization in the system can be achieved only through
proper implementation of the system in the organization. So implementation phase is also
important like other phases such as analysis, design, coding and testing.
 Careful planning
 Investigation of the system and its constraints
 Design the methods to achieve the change over
 Training the staff in the changed phase
 Ensuring the user has understood and accepted the changes

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Getting complete feedback during test run and ensuring everything in perfect for the final
change over
Whenever we develop software or project a certain hardware and software is being
used by the programmer for developing the project. The hardware and software to be used
by the programmer for developing the project should be such that it would result in the
development of a project, which would satisfy all the basic needs for which the project has
been created by the programmer. The Hardware should be such that cost constraints of the
Client should also be taken into account without affecting the performance.

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CHAPTER VIII
FURTHER SCOPE OF THE APPLICATION
 This System being web-based and an undertaking of Cyber Security Division,
needs to be thoroughly tested to find out any security gaps.
 A console for the data centre may be made available to allow the personnel to
monitor on the sites which were cleared for hosting during a particular period.
 Moreover, it is just a beginning; further the system may be utilized in various other
types of auditing operation viz. Network auditing or similar process/workflow
based applications.
 Though maximum efforts have been put in to make this report authentic in all
aspects and to take all necessary presentation to ensure that the information
gathered is true, some uncomfortable factors may have crept in.
 Some of the respondents were reluctant to part with certain information on the
pretext of the sensitivity of the information. Also some facts of figures were not
divulged as the company policy came in the way for free revelation of the desired
input.
 An element of bias might have crept in from the side of the official interviewed.
This could also have resulted in some kind of modification of the information
divulged.
 Through an attempt was make to collect information from the best possible source
in the company, it was difficult to meet the top officials due to their busy schedules.
 Most of the analysis and interpretations, made for this report, are based on
secondary data obtained. This data could have some inherent mistakes and errors.
 Finally, although due care has been taken those can be typing and compilation
errors in the report itself.

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CHAPTER IX
CONCLUSION
At last it can be concluded that the Job Portal System was a real learning experience.
The principles of software production were well implemented throughout the system. The
whole project undergoes with full of enthusiasm and with full of joyous moments. The
project has been made as per as the given specification. The system has been made as user
friendly as possible by the use of principals. That is why Management holds an important
place in the software production.
Working on the Project was really a learning experience and we have come a long
way in building our concepts of Software engineering. The “Job Portal System “developed
by us is purely based on ASP.net platform. The overall purpose of this system is to
computerized the whole process and thus prevent the intervening errors. We also tried to
follow the holistic design principle so that the interface of the system is simple.
During the course of this assignment we have gone through many obstacles which
made us to research and though increased our knowledge. After applying all the data
modeling, object modeling and process modeling techniques now we are very well clear
with all these concepts and fundamentals which will be going to help us in the future.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOK REFERENCING
 Stephen walther (2008). ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed. India: Dorling Kindersley.1797
 Chris Payne(2002).ASP.NET in 21 days: G.C. Jain for Techmedia.939
 Ian Sommerville (2008). Software Engineering. 7th ed. Delhi: Pearson Education
Ltd.
 S.Valacich, Joseph, F.George, Joey, and A. offer, Jeffery, 2005. Essentials of
System Analysis and Design. 2nd Ed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private
Limited.
WEB SITE REFERENCING
 (1995). Asp tutorials. Available: http://w3schools.com/asp/default.asp.
 (2004). ASp.net and sql.
Available:http://www.tutorialized.com/tutorial/Connecting-to-a-SQL-database-
from-ASP-.NET-II/5745.
 De Montfort University. 2010. Purpose of WISDM. [ONLINE] Available
at:http://www.ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk/conferences/ethicomp/ethicomp2010/abstracts/et
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