CDM driven real-time decision making and support system – a new horizon in stakeholder management – Manish Sinha, Deputy COO, Hyderabad International Airport
India Aviation ICT Forum 2013 - Manish Sinha, Deputy COO, Hyderabad International Airport
1. 1
Succession Planning - CONSTRUCTION
1
A-CDM driven real-time decision making
and support system
at RGIA -
A new horizon in stakeholder
management
2. 2
What is A-CDM
Airport Collaborative Decision Making (Airport CDM) is an important enabler that will
improve operational efficiency, predictability and punctuality to the ATM network and airport
stakeholders.
• It is a concept, which involves ATC, Airport Operators, Airlines & Ground Handlers to
come up with a transparent and efficient working methodology to enhance the Air Traffic
Flow and the capacity management at an airport and en-route.
• It is about partners working together and making decisions based on more accurate and
higher quality information, where every bit of information has exactly the same meaning
for every partner involved.
• It primarily revolves around various steps an airport undertakes to reduce flight delays
and resolve possible Air traffic flow conflicts
• It brings in positive impact on the operating efficiency of airport partners through
predictable reduction in buffer/ lead times for resource planning.
• It also helps in creating an information exchange platform through which preferences
and constraints of partners are known.
3. 3
A-CDM Benefits
AIRPORT OPERATOR :
Reduced environmental impacts – noise and emissions
Improved punctuality
Improved gate/stand planning and management
Additional flights and passengers possible
AIRLINES
Shorter taxi times, shorter holding before runway access,
Less Boarding gate conflict
Fuel savings
Reduced delays -> cost savings and customer satisfaction
Increased capacity with the same fleet
GROUND HANDLERS
Better planning and use of resources
Improved customer satisfaction
Increased productivity could enable ground handlers to
lower their prices
4. 4
A-CDM Benefits
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL:
More predictable traffic - therefore reduced workload
Reduced probability of errors
Better pre-departure sequence
Higher service quality
Beneficial network effects as more airports become CDM
accredited
REGULATORS:
Safety and environmental benefits that can help meet
THE ATM NETWORK:
More available en-route and airport capacity
Improved ATFM slot adherence
Fewer wasted slots
5. 5
A-CDM Benefits
EVERYONE
Reduced apron and taxiway congestion
Mutual understanding and trust
Less stress on the system and the people within it
Higher service quality with knock-on benefits to company
image and customer satisfaction
6. 6
A-CDM Elements
The Airport CDM concept is divided in the following Elements:
Information Sharing
Milestone approach
Variable Taxi time
Collaborative pre departure sequencing
Collaborative Management of Flight updates
CDM in adverse condition
7. 7
Information Sharing
The aim of information sharing is to share latest data
important for turnaround process to all partners involved
at the right time through IT tool or A-CDM interface.
This platform should be user friendly, cost effective and
should have the capability of assimilating and
disseminating data after due validation.
Another big challenge in todays date is strike a balance
between Data Security and transparency.
8. 8
Proposed A-CDM Screen for Data sharing
Arrival
Date
Flight
No. Origin STA CTOT TOTo ETA TMO ATA ONBL
A/C
Type REG RWY Routing
Stand
no.
Variable
Taxi
time
Departure
Date Flight No. Des STD TOBT BGO BGC ASRT ASAT AOBT ATOT
A/C
Type REG RWY Routing
Stand
no.
Variable
Taxi
time
STA: Scheduled Time of Arrival
CTOT: Calculated take off time at Origin
TOTo: Take of time at Origin
ETA: Estimated time of arrival
TMO: Ten Miles out
ATA: Actual time of Arrival
ONBL: On Block Time
STD: Scheduled Time of Departure
TOBT: Target off block time
BGO: Boarding Gate Open
BGC: Boarding Gate Closed
ASRT : Start-up request
ASAT : Start-up approved
AOBT : Off Block
ATOT : Take off
9. 9
Data Source
Parameter Source
Scheduled Time of Arrival STA Airport System
Calculated take off time at Origin CTOT Airlines/Flight plan
Take of time at Origin TOTo Airlines/ Movement Msg
Estimated time of arrival ETA ATC
Ten Miles out TMO Radar/VHF
Actual time of Arrival ATA ATC
On Block Time ONBL VDGS/CCTV
Scheduled Time of Departure STD Airport System
Target off block time TOBT Airlines
Boarding Gate Open BGO Airport System
Boarding Gate Closed BGC Airport System
Start-up request ASRT VHF
Start-up approved ASAT VHF
Off Block Time AOBT GOS/CCTV
Take off ATOT ATC
10. 10
Milestone Approach
The Milestone Approach Element describes the progress of a flight from
the initial planning to the take off by defining Milestones to enable close
monitoring of significant events. It aims at generating alert trigger
whenever there is a discrepancy between the actual time and calculated
time over and above the set tolerance.
The aim is to achieve a common situational awareness and to predict
the forthcoming events for each flight with off-blocks and take off as the
most critical events
The entire concept of Milestone Approach is based on the precondition
that all relevant Stake Holders agree for Information Sharing.
The Milestone Approach combined with the Information Sharing element
is the foundation for all other Concept Elements
13. 13
Variable taxi time
• A complex airport system of runway and parking stands can result in a large
difference in taxi time. Instead of using a standard default value, a calculation
of the different permutations for stands and taxi routing based upon historic
data with operational experience will provide a set of more realistic individual
taxi times.
• For Airport CDM purposes, taxi time is considered to be:
For arriving flights:
Taxi‐in time = Actual On‐Block Time ‐ Actual Landing Time
For departing flights:
Taxi‐out time = Actual Take Off Time ‐ Actual Off‐Block Time
• Accurate taxi times are essential for calculating the following important times
in the milestones approach:
– Estimated On Block Time (EOBT)
– Estimated/Target Take Off Time (E/TTOT) and
– Calculated Take Off Time (CTOT)
14. 14
Collaborative pre departure sequencing
• Collaborative pre departure sequencing allows ATC to arrange the Target
Off Block Times (TOBT) obtained from the Turnaround Process in a way
that flights can depart from their stands in the optimum order in place of
traditional first come first serve concept.
• The main objectives of Collaborative Pre departure Sequence are:
– Enhance flexibility
– Improve punctuality
– Improve slot adherence
– Improve transparency
– Improve ground handling efficiency
– Improve stand and gate management
15. 15
Collaborative Management of Flight Updates
• This Element ensures the required operational flexibility of ATFM to cope
with modifications in departure times, due to traffic changes and
operators’ preferences. It requires the availability of precise taxi times
provided by Variable Taxi Time Calculation and the CDM Turn‐round
Process.
• The main objectives the Collaborate Management of Flight Updates are:
– Ensure the completeness of information between en‐route and airport
operations
– Improve predictability of ground operations through enhanced initial
information about inbound flights
– Improve estimates of take off times, allowing a more accurate and
more predictable view of the traffic situation, resulting in improved
ATFM slot allocation
16. 16
CDM in adverse condition
• In Adverse Conditions, A-CDM helps airports minimize the impact on
operations due to bad weather/ natural climatic condition by disseminating
relevant information in anticipation of disruptions and allowing a rapid
recovery after disruptions.
• Changes in airport capacity are communicated in real time to the Airport
part will help in proper planning and sequencing of flights.
• This will also help in the event of Airport infrastructural failure also by
communication recovery time and expected delay in turn around
procedure if any.
• This enables the development of strategies to help deal with the situation
as it evolves
17. 17
Airport Profile
• Airport situated at Hyderabad
• PPP model Airport
• Runway : Single runway of 4000M X 60M (09-27),with a parallel taxiway
• Rapid Exit taxiway= 2 each side of runway
• Exit point from Runway :10 points
• Connecting taxiway to main apron : 3
• No. of Stands :42
• Airport Capacity: 28 Mvmt/Hrs
• Peak hrs movement: 20 Mvmt
• On time Performance: 85%
• Passenger traffic : 9MPPA
• Predominate Domestic traffic
• Predominate Aircraft fleet: Q-400/ATR/B-737/A-320
18. 18
GAP Analysis
Gap analysis has been done to determine what steps need to be taken in
order to move from the current state to the desired, future state CDM airport.
The gaps of implementing ACDM at RGIA were identified by conducting GAP
analysis at each and every stage.
• Educating all partners
• Setting up Organization structure
• Setting Objectives
• Signing of MOU between partners
• Setting up CDM project plan
• Implementation Process
• Identifying Risks and their Mitigation
• Post Implementation Activities
The gap analysis was done for the major stakeholders – Airport and Airline
operator
19. 19
Cost involved
In terms of money (in million)
In terms of Man power (in man days)
Summary cost cash flow Year 1 Year 2 Average on-going
CDM project definition and
management
₹ 1.25 ₹ 1.25 ₹ 0.92
Procedures development ₹ 0.00 ₹ 0.76 ₹ 0.00
Training ₹ 0.34 ₹ 0.22 ₹ 0.34
System integration ₹ 0.89 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 0.00
Hardware ₹ 0.00 ₹ 0.00 ₹ 0.00
Total ₹ 1.68 ₹ 1.55 ₹ 1.27
Summary effort Year 1 Year 2
Average on-
going
CDM project definition and
management
270 270 20
Procedures development 0 29 0
Training 117 67 10
System integration 20 0 0
Hardware 0 0 0
Total 407 366 30
Costs incurred in
implementing CDM Costs to be incurred for a period of time
1 Project Management
10 (2 years + 8 years of post-implementation
activities)
2 Project Definition 2 years
3 Procedure Development 1 year
4 Training 4 years
5 System Integration 1 year
6 Hardware 1 year
20. 20
Benefits
Benefits by ACDM Impact
Recipient/
Benificiary
Applicable at
Airport Reasons for NO
1
Fewer Lost slots Financial Airlines Yes
2
Departure Punctuality Economic Passengers Yes
3
Reduced Outbound taxi time Financial Airlines Yes
4
Reduced ground emissions (Outbound) Economic
Local
Community
Yes
5
Reduction in Delay - Late arrivals, allocate stand/gate
with MTT to minimize reactionary delays
Financial Airlines No
Small Airport, taxing times
are too small
6
Improved cost efficiency - Ground handlers do not arrive
too EARLY at the stand
Financial Handlers Yes
7
Improve Customer Service - Ground handlers do not
arrive LATE at the stand
Financial Handlers Yes
8
Improved Asset Utilization Financial Handlers Yes
9
Improved Cost efficiency - Fuelling services at the right
place and right time
Financial Handlers Yes
10
Improved Cost efficiency - De icing services at the right
place and right time
Financial Handlers No No ICING problem
11
Reduce in Bound taxi time Financial Airlines Yes
12
Reduce ground emissions 2 (Inbound) Economic
Local
Communtiy
Yes
21. 21
C& B Analysis
The final Analysis table comprising of all the costs and benefits( Fig. in million):-
Impact Year 1 Year 2 Average on-going
Cost ₹1.68 ₹1.55 ₹1.27
Economic benefit ₹5.08 ₹7.33 ₹9.26
Financial benefit ₹15.59 ₹14.56 ₹21.62
Grand Total ₹20.82 ₹22.03 ₹30.89
The Cost to Benefit ratio is approximately more than 1:10
22. 22
Challenges in A-CDM Implementation
Following are the main challenges to implement A-CDM:
• Technological limitation
• Unwillingness to data sharing
• Mix of Government & private operated Airports.
• No Airport to Airport Data exchange platform
• No central agency for implementation (e.g Euro control)
• Surplus capacity available at most of the Indian Airports
– thus resource optimization is not the key focus area.
• No immediate benefit for Airports.
• Multi Ground Handler presence.
23. 23
Way forward for A-CDM
As of now A-CDM has more emphasis on Airside/ slot related
issue and very less focus on terminal related issues. As a
way forward, following areas can be taken care in A-CDM,
which will also impact on Operational performance, Aircraft
turnaround and OTP:
1.Integration with terminal processes
2.Reduction in Runway occupancy time
3.Touch point improvement
4.Environmental initiatives( Reduction in Scope 2 & 3
emission)
5.Improvement in baggage delivery and Handling.