1. Climate Change Adaptation
Mainstreaming in Lombok Island, NTB:
Perspectives of small island in facing climate change
risks
Ari Muhammad and Muhammad Ridha Hakim
Climate and Energy Program and Nusa Tenggara Program WWF Indonesia
2. Background (1)
• Most of the area in Lombok island
is coastal and sea.
• Most of the economic activities in
main and strategic sectors are
located in the coastal and sea area.
• From the potency of the coastal
and sea of Lombok Island, there
are three main economic sectors,
they are: agriculture, fishery, and
tourism.
• The population of Lombok island
from 1994 until 1998 increases
significantly, around 1.99% a
year.
3. Background (2)
• Island and sea areas in Lombok have
62 coastal villages that administratively
included in 16 sub-district areas (from
22 sub-district).
• However, most of the population of
Lombok island works in agriculture
and plantation.
• The decline of economic development
of NTB province as pictured above is
not as bad as the national economic
situation since the agricultural sector in
NTB province still survives in facing
the economic crisis (agriculture
contribution in PDRB is 35.95% in
1997 and increasing in 1998 becomes
43.76%).
4. Climate Change in NTB
Based on the data of observation result, average temperature on Januar 1971
up to December 2006, generally there is an increase on the temperature of 0.5
OC. The highest average temperature is 27.6 oC and the lowest is 24.4 oC
There is an increase of maximum temperature up to 0.7 oC, while minimum
temperature increases 1.2 oC
There is a change on rainy season from January-March on 1971 up to 2000
and then change into October-December on 2006;
On 2005 up to 2006 NTB area has changes on the rainy period. On 2006 the
beginning of rainy season is in mid December, but in some of the NTB area
rainy season has not started until the beginning of January 2007 (BMG
Selaparang, 2007)
5. Climate Change Hazard Identification
Rain Level Decrease on January
Climate data in the
January Rainfall Record 1961-2007
last 20 years: 500
Obs. 1961-1990 Obs. 1991-2007
600
500
400
Composite Rainfall (mm)
There is a trend on 400
Rainfall (mm)
300
changes of rain level 300
and average 200
200
temperature
100
compared to the 100
baseline (1961-1990) 0
J A S O N D J F M A M J
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
January Temperature Record 1961-2007
There is a trend of 28.5
Obs. 1961-1990 Obs. 1991-2007 28
28
changed on
27.5
temperature related 27.5
Temperature ( C)
Temperature ( C)
27
to the decrease of 26.5
27
rain level ! 26
25.5 26.5
25
24.5 26
J A S O N D J F M A M J 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
6. Problem Identification
• Very little understanding in
the local government on the
climate change issue.
• No policy, strategies, or
programs adaptation in the
local level.
7. STRATEGY AND ANALYSIS
• Developing policy, strategy
and program for adaptation
and (mitigation) that is
suitable with the society
characteristics and small
islands environment in NTB.
8. OBJECTIVES
• Widening and improving the
understanding of all sides on
climate change issue and its
effects on society and other kind
of living in the small islands;
• Formulate strategy and action
program for adaptation and
mitigation;
• Formulate recommendation for
policy input of the local
development;
• Developing task force to assist
strategy and action program on
adaptation and mitigation
9. ABOUT TASK FORCE (1)
Law: Governor Decree of Nusa
Tenggara Barat No. 219 Year 2007
This task force has 2 functions, they
are:
1. Supporting mainstreaming of
aspects and effect of the
climate change on the
government, private and civil
society sectors;
2. Developing strategy of
adaptation and mitigation
based one the local context
10. About Task Force(2)
The duties are as follow:
(1) Increasing understanding and awareness of all stakeholders on the cause and
impact of climate change;
(2) Developing information system and communication, such as climate changes
data and disaster risk mapping;
(3) Formulate and suggesting plan on adaptation action and mitigation on climate
change;
(4) Encouraging integration of all aspects of climate change on the local policy
and development;
(5) Monitoring and evaluation on the policy and program related to adaptation
and mitigation of climate change; and
(6) Reporting the result of the implementation to the Governor of NTB.
11. Visi :
The realization of Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) society that is ready
and responsive on climate change.
Mision :
a. Ensuring the local policy that oriented in improving cology
support effort, and strengthening local institution capacity.
b. Improving society preparedness and economic social security
in facing disaster caused by climate change.
c. Improving efforts on supply and development of
infrastructure, technology, research and information system in
adaptation and mitigation on climate change.
12. Work Program (1)
• Concept & Strategy of climate change mainstreaming in
NTB:
13. Vulnerability assessment (V/A)
• This assessment is on detail
projection (2030 and 2080) from
climate change effect on economic
sector and identification on
vulnerable sectors and areas.
• This assessment focus on 3 main
sectors, they are: water, coastal and
sea and also agriculture and some
Kajian Risiko dan Adaptasi Terhadap Perubahan Iklim
Pulau Lombok Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
other area.
Analisis dan Proyeksi Kenaikan Muka Laut
• This assessment projected that there Dan Iklim Ekstrim
will be an increase of the temperature
around 2-3° C on 2070 - 2100.
14. Work Program (2)
• Target & Goal on climate change mainstreaming in
NTB:
15. Short term recommendation activities (2008):
Work force has
formulated and suggested
to the local government
through Bapedalda NTB.
On the Official Note
number
090/821/V/BPDL/2007
on 28 September 2007,
Bapedalda has reported
recommensation of
ativities in 2008 to NTB
Governor.
16. ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION EFFORTS AS A WHOLE
STRUCTURAL EFFORT (Physic)
STRUCTURAL EFFORT (Physic) NON STRCTURE EFFORT
NON STRCTURE EFFORT
NATURAL PROTECTION EFFORT
NATURAL PROTECTION EFFORT (Non Physic), they are:
(Mangrove, coral reef, forest).
(Non Physic), they are:
(Mangrove, coral reef, forest). • •making food vulnerability map
making food vulnerability map
• •local policy
ARTIFICIAL PROTECTION METHOD
ARTIFICIAL PROTECTION METHOD
local policy
* *Long term program of NTB province 2008 ––
Long term program of NTB province 2008
•• breakwater, sea wall, dam, protective
breakwater, sea wall, dam, protective 2013
2013
construction, absorption well, reservoir
construction, absorption well, reservoir * * relocation
relocation
* *landscape, land use, zonation
landscape, land use, zonation
* *Public information and campaign
Public information and campaign
• •LECI ––SUEZ
LECI SUEZ
• •Green NTB
Green NTB
REDUCING THE DAMAGE IMPACT
REDUCING THE DAMAGE IMPACT
OF CLIMATE CHANGE
OF CLIMATE CHANGE
17. Adoption strateg and document institution :
1) Ensuring consistency on RS-RAD Adaptation and Mitigation
tyat have been arranged, this document needs to be part of
the local development plan process.
2) RS-RAD Adaptation and Mitigation need to be integrated in the
development plan structure to produce long-term, medium term
and annual development plan
3) THE STRATEGY is to make RS-RAD document as an input in
arranging RPJMD, RKPD, Renstra-SKPD and Renja-SKPD.
4) What needs to be agreed together is the LEGAL FORMAT for
RS-RAD, in the form of decree, district regulation or PERDA.
18. COMPETITIVENESS
ABSANO,
EDUCATION ADONO
RPJP NTB
2005-2025
HEALTH AKINO
NTB
• HAN FOOD RPJMD
RPJMD COMPETIT
AGRIBISNIS PIJAR IPM
IPM
NTB
• HAN ENERGY NTB
2009-2013
IVE
PIN &&
COMPETITIVENESS
2009-2013 TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS
• CLIMATE VLS-2012
CHANGE
GREEN AREA
INFRASTRUCTURE (PERHUB, SD AIR,
RTRW NTB LISTRIK & TELKOM)
2010-2030
ENVIRONMENT NTB HIJAU-
PERMATA
STRATEGIC RELATION WITH VISI MAIN MAIN CRITERIA STRATEGIC
ISSUE PLANED SECTOR PROGRAM GOAL
DOCUMENTS
19. RECOMMENDATION
• Information/data needed on (a more detail) adaptation and mitigation for policy maker. There is a risk analysis,
disaster and vulnerability also strengthening communication strategy capacity within sectors and to society.
Building capacity on planning and to avoid wrong estimation.
• On the policy intervention level, it has to be based on the real need of the area or Lombok island area. Therefore,
analysis and response from ecosystem change, social and economy also culture (including trying to find out and
using the local knowledge) are priorities that need to be done by NTB province.
• The need of policy that is mandated in the climate change adaptation and mitigation in the area in form of
Governor decree or local law and also mechanism and coordination instruments in handling the impact and
climate change adaptation.
• Governor decree is published on the workforce formation that is a serious effort in finishing the climate change
problems by pushing adaptation of PI policy to the local development plan. However, stages and implementation
strategies in NTB also should be lesson learn for the National government in the effort of mainstreaming climate
change adaptation and mitigation. This is a hope that the initiative effort in Lombok will contribute well in the
effort of climate change adaptation and mitigation in Indonesia.
