1. From this… To this…
COM 260-OL
MODULE 8: MID TERM
BY BRYONY PARKER
2. MY TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE:
First The iPhone
First Canon
permanent arrives
permanent Rotogravure Internet EOS 5D
(negative) (Instagram
color photo Process arrives Mark III
image 2010)
Dry Plate NY Tribune –
Wet Plate
Collodion first halftone Wireless
Collodion
Process photo transmitters
Process Nikon D1
1834 1851 1861 1871 1890 1897 1990 1999 2007 2008 2013
Pre-digital technologies Digital technologies
3. PRE-DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES:
I will cover the following six pre-digital technologies in
detail:
1. The first permanent negative image
2. The Wet Plate Collodion Process
3. The first permanent color image
4. The Dry Plate Collodion Process
5. Rotogravure Process
6. The first halftone photo
4. 1834: THE FIRST NEGATIVE IMAGE
• Believed to be produced by William Henry Fox Talbot
(the widely held belief).
• Talbot took the photo of “the lattice window in the South
Gallery”, Lacock Abbey. However, it was very poor
quality.
• This process utilized silver chloride and salt solution in
order to produce the image.
• Advantage over daguerreotype images = reproducible.
5. THE FIRST NEGATIVE IMAGE CONT…
Photo by: William Henry Fox Talbot
Image source:
http://matthew12photoym.wordpress.
com/2011/11/
Year Created: 1835
6. 1851: WET PLATE COLLODION PROCESS
• Invented in 1851 by Frederick Scott Arthur and utilized
throughout Europe and North American until 1880.
Image source:
http://timberwolfphotolounge.blogspot.c
om/2013/01/look-wet-plate-collodion.html
Photo by: France Scully Osterman
Image Source:
http://www.f295.org/symposium2
008/?page_id=68
7. WET PLATE PROCESS CONT…
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Enabled photographers to • Extensive process and requires
develop images in greater precision.
detail.
• Produce limitless copies and • Has the potential to be
negative photographs. dangerous for the
photographer.
• Much more efficient than the
processes that came before it,
for instance, daguerreotype • Requires a significant amount
and calotype. of portable equipment.
• Still utilized today because the
end product is usually a glossy • Tremendously time sensitive.
albumen print:
red/brown/purple in color.
8. 1861: THE FIRST COLOR IMAGE
• Produced by Thomas Sutten and the Scottish physicist
James Clerk Maxwell in 1861.
• Maxwell had been experimenting in color theory for an
extensive period of time. He eventually discovered that
a color image could be produced using red, green, and
blue filters.
• He also developed the electromagnetic theory.
• Fun fact: “The three photographic plates now reside in a
small museum at 14 India Street, Edinburgh, the house
where Maxwell was born.”
9. THE FIRST COLOR IMAGE:
Photo by: James Clerk Maxwell
Image Source:
http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/200
7/10/07/the-first-color-photograph-1961/
Year created: 1861
This tartan ribbon was created
“by photographing it three times
through red, blue, and yellow
filters, then recombining the
images into one color composite.”
10. 1871: DRY PLATE COLLODION PROCESS
• This process came 20 years after the Wet Plate Collodion
Process
• Advantages: much more practical and convenient and no
longer required a dark room/tent to develop the prints.
• The plates did not have to be “prepared immediately before
taking photographs and processed immediately after.” They
were prepared in advance.
• The Dry Plate Collodion Process enabled photographers to
produce landscape images.
• According to Mark Schoeler, this process was “the direct
forerunner of roll film.”
11. DRY PLATE PROCESS CONT…
• Both Richard Leach Maddox and Joseph Wilson Swan
are credited with the invention of the Dry Plate Collodion
Process.
Photo by: Tai Oliphant
Image Source:
http://www.derivedlogic.co
m/Traditional%20Photograph
y/DryPlateProcess/DryProcess
.html
12. 1890: ROTOGRAVURE PROCESS
• The Rotogravure Process was considered to be an efficient
and favorable process for printing images in newspapers.
• This process involved an etched cylinder and utilized “intaglio
printing, in which metal is etched with recessed "cells" to hold
the ink.”
• Renowned for its “high quality gradation and color depth.”
• As well as, high speed printing on a large scale, cost
effectiveness, printing consistency, and anti-smear results.
• Rotogravure is still utilized today, despite the shift to digital
technologies, specifically multimedia convergence and online
newspapers.
13. ROTOGRAVURE PROCESS CONT…
No photographer included, image used by the company DCM
Group
Image Source: http://www.dcm.fr/rotogravure-printing.html
14. 1897: THE FIRST HALFTONE PHOTO
• Considered a major breakthrough in printing – shades of
gray in between black and white and converted
photographs into dots.
• The first halftone photograph was printed on the front
page of the New York Tribune.
• This illustrated that “the halftone process can be applied
on the high-speed web perfecting presses at large-
circulation newspapers.”
• The Tribune's portrait “startled New York journalism,” says
the trade journal Fourth Estate.
15. THE FIRST HALFTONE PHOTO:
The New York Tribune Thomas Platt, New York's U.S. Senator
Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC
Image source:
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1897-01-21/ed-
1/seq-1/
Year Created: 1897
16. THE DIGITAL AGE:
I will cover the following six digital technologies in detail:
1. The internet & online newspapers
2. Nikon D1 camera
3. The release of the iPhone (instagram)
4. Wireless transmitters
5. Canon EOS 5D Mark III
17. 1990: THE BIRTH OF THE INTERNET
World Wide Web: Online Newspapers:
• Berners-Lee and his colleagues • The growth and expansion of
were instrumental in the the Internet caused a huge
development of the internet. shift to a multimedia online
world.
• Creation of URL and
• Vast decline in circulation and
“developed a shared format job cuts in the printing industry.
for hypertext documents which
• Multimedia convergence.
was named HTML.”
• Varied distribution channels.
• “URL and HTML significantly
• Opportunities for blogging.
increased the possibility of
interaction between users and • Multimedia proficiency
expected.
networks across the internet.
• Tighter deadlines & submission
from the scene.
• Ex: www.masslive.com/
18. 1999: NIKON D1 CAMERA
• Introduced June 15, 1999.
• DSLR – Digital Single-Lens
Reflex (looking directly
through the lens).
• 2.74 megapixel image,
compared to 8 megapixel
images with the iPhone
(produces a much larger
file).
• 4.5 frames per second.
• “The D1 was the first
professional digital SLR that
displaced Kodak's then-
Considered a state of the art camera in undisputed reign over the
professional market.”
1999.
19. 2007: THE IPHONE ARRIVES
This first video illustrates the first iPhone ad:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4acWkNihaxc
This second video is an instagram tutorial:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtMepU6gQVU
2007 2010
20. THE IPHONE AND INSTAGRAM:
iPhone: Instagram (2010)
• Steve Jobs and Apple released
the first iPhone in 2007. • Photo sharing/social media site.
• According to Time Magazine, it • Extremely popular in today’s
was “the invention of the year.” society amongst all ages.
• Steve Jobs referred to it as a • This app has been the primary
“revolutionary mobile phone.” outlet for breaking news stories,
It was first on sale between for example, Hurricane Sandy.
$499 and $599. • This is a different distribution
• Time Magazine utilized this channel utilized to reach mass
device to shoot and post audiences.
images from Hurricane Sandy.
• The market became
tremendously competitive as
anyone could take a picture
with the iPhone.
21. 2008: WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS
• Digital transmission has been a key development in this
digital era.
• Wireless transmission enables a photographer to take a
picture, send it to their cell phone and using a Wi-Fi
hotspot they can then transmit the image back to the
newsroom.
• Extremely beneficial for time sensitive assignments and
meeting deadlines.
• Due to the competition in today’s market,
photojournalists are always looking to get the edge over
other photographers.
22. 2013: CANON EOS 5D MARK III
• 22.3 Megapixel, full-frame CMOS sensor
• 61-point AF with up to 41 cross-type AF
points
• Zone, Spot and AF Point Expansion
focusing modes
• DIGIC 5+ processor
• Up to 6 fps shooting speed
• ISO 100 to 25,600 (ISO 50, 51,200 and
102,400 with expansion)
• +/- 5 stops of exposure compensation
• HDR shooting in-camera
• Full HD Movie shooting with ALL-I or IPB
compression
• 29 mins 59 sec clip length in Full HD
Movie
• Timecode setting for HD Movie shooting
• Transparent LCD viewfinder with 100%
coverage
• 3.2" (8.11cm) 1.04 million-pixel Clear View
II LCD Screen “The most anticipated camera
• Silent control touch-pad area announcement in history.”
• Dual-Axis Electronic Level
23. OVERALL…
• Overall, the digital revolution (the internet in particular) has changed
the face of photography and photojournalism forever. Although
some pre-digital technologies are still utilized today, we will never go
back to how things once were. Technology will just continue to
expand and grow and become more and more efficient.
• Photojournalism is no longer a hassle that requires an abundance of
equipment that has to be transported in a special trailer each time
you want to take a photograph. With the media in today’s society,
photojournalists have to act quickly and sometimes think on their feet
to get “the” shot before emailing it to their editor to publish.
• The key to being a successful photojournalist is spontaneity. You
should always keep your eye out for a potential photograph no
matter where you are, even if you are just carrying your cell phone.
26. WORKS CITED (VIDEO):
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4acWkNihaxc (slide 19)
• John Nordell: Working in the Digital Age – Part 2 Module 6 (slide 21)
