The document provides a timeline and overview of early American civilizations from 40,000 BC to 1300 AD. It discusses the origins of the first Americans who crossed the Bering land bridge from Siberia to Alaska. Several early civilizations that arose in North and South America are then outlined, including the Olmec in Mexico, the Maya in Central America, the Tiwanakans and Moche in Peru, the Aztec in Central Mexico, and the Inca in Peru. The passage concludes by noting the arrival of the Spanish led by Hernando Cortes in Mexico in 1519.