SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 42
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
The Wright Brothers
              and the invention of the airplane

     Photo        Orville (L) and Wilbur (R)

 attend an air show in New York in 1910 seven

    years after their first successful flight



Wilbur Wright was Born on February 4, 1868

Orville Wright was Born on August 19, 1871

They lived with their Parents Bishop Milton

Wright, his wife Susan and their sister,

Katherine at 7 Hawthorn street in Dayton Ohio.


Both were high school graduates
Wilbur wrote church pamphlets for the Bishop
Orville printed and published a newspaper
Both ran the “Wright Brothers Cycle Shop”
in 1899 Wilbur was 31 years old, Orville 28


                                                 Rev 2 - 10/01/08 P1
The Wright Brothers
                                and the invention of the Airplane

                  Wilbur becomes interested in mechanical flight


1896 Lilienthal is Killed
     Wilbur concludes that control by shifting a pilots his weight is Not Safe

       Wilbur contemplates how control might be achieved
       Wilbur contemplates how a pilot might learn to fly
       Wilbur contacts the Smithsonian Museum to learn about other attempts
       Wilbur contacts Octave Chanute to learn of his achievements


WILBUR TAKES A DIFFERENT APPROACH

        1 Airplane need not be STABLE ..It Must be Controlled by the pilot
        2 Wilbur demonstrates Control in both Roll and Pitch with a kite 1899
        3 Wilbur plans to fly stationary in strong winds on the crest of a slope
        4 Wilbur seeks a location with strong winds, steep slopes, and soft sand


Wilbur and Orville build their first glider 1900



                                                                                   P3
Otto Lilienthal Biplane Gliders 1891-1896
           wing area 165 square feet




                                            P4
1896 Octave Chanute biplane Glider
        wing Area 165 square feet




                                     P5
1899 Wilbur flies Kite to test wing warping for roll control




                                                           P6
1900 Wright glider - tested as a kite
   Wing Span 17 Feet, Wing Area 165 square feet




                                                  P7
The Wright Brothers
                   and the invention of the Airplane




              Flight Test Results 1900 Glider


1 Lilienthal Airfoil lift data is wrong by almost 50%
   Wind Speed of 25 mph required (not 17 mph from tables)



2 Lilienthal Airfoil Pitch data is all wrong
  Wing Airfoil is unstable .. The center of pressure moves the wrong way

3 Wright Design works...pitch & roll can be controlled


4 Flying Glider as a kite yields important data



5 Flying as a kite allows Wilbur to learn to fly




                                                                           P8
1901 Wright Glider
Wing span 22 Feet, Wing area 290 Sq FT




                                         P9
Testing the 1901 Glider as a kite
The angle of the strings show low lift and high drag
            Lilienthal’s data is wrong !!




                                                       P10
Wilbur lands glider after successful flight




                                             P11
The Wright Brothers
                 and the invention of the Airplane




               Flight Test Results 1901 Glider

1   Lilienthal Airfoil nearly uncontrollable in Pitch
2   Pitch is control regained when wright Airfoil Restored
3   Largest glider ever flown can still be controlled
4   Gravity is a reliable and steady source of power
5   lilienthal airfoil Data is most certainly wrong
6   Wilbur Presents paper before Aeronautical Society




                                                             P12
The Wright Brothers
                      and the invention of the Airplane

               Why the Wrights built a wind tunnel




1   Glider Test of 1901 indicate errors in airfoil data

     Lift of the wing was much less than predicted

     Center of pressure moves in wrong direction




2   Lift (pounds) = 0.005 Vsq x Area x CL

     0.005 = Smeaton’s Coefficient is wrong!

     V = speed in miles per hour

     A = Wing area in square feet

     CL = Coefficient of Lift
                                                          P13
The Wright Brothers
  Wrights mount a balance in front of bicycle to test airfoil data




                        Conclusions reached from bicycle tests
1 Lilienthal table showed balance at 5 degrees but the Wrights measured 18 degrees
2 A flat Plate airfoil required 24 degrees to balance .... a curved surface produced more lift
3 A long thin airfoil produced more lift than a square one
4 The Lilienthal tables were wrong. He failed to take into accountthe pitch moment
5 A wind tunnel would be neededto obtain reliable data
                                                                                                P14
Wright Wind tunnel Balance using Dual Parallelograms
 The Wrights measure small forces accurately by balancing the force
  of 60 different airfoils to a fixed size flat plate in their wind tunnel




                                                                 The Lift force on the test airfoil will
                                                                rotate the parallelogram in a clockwise
                                                                               direction




                                                                  The drag force on the flat plate will
                                                                    tend to rotate the parallelogram
                                                                 counter clockwise restoring a balance
                                                                 with the angle of rotation equal to the
                                                                           ratio of lift to drag


                    Drag Force on the flat plate

                                                                                               P15
1901 The Wrights build wind tunnel to obtain reliable
        aeronautical data- 60 airfoils tested




                                                        P16
The Wright Brothers
                  and the invention of the Airplane




       Wind tunnel test Results 1902
1    Over 60 airfoils tested
2   The effect of Aspect ratio determined
3   the effect of multiple wings is determined
4   a simple way to test wing efficiency is found
5    The best airfoil for the 1902 glider is chosen
6   this is the best data available for the next ten years




                                                         P17
Flying 1902 glider as a kite
      Wing Span 32 feet, Wing Area 320 Square Feet
near vertical ropes show that lift is now much larger than drag




                                                                  P18
Orville Learns to fly on 1902 flyer




                                    P19
October 18 photo of Orville and Dan Tate
     launching Wilbur on 1902 Flyer




                                           P20
1902 Wilbur glides above over the sands




                                          P21
The Wright Brothers
              and the invention of the Airplane




             Flight Test Results 1902 Glider


1 the Glider performs as designed..Wind tunnel data OK
2 the new glider is more efficient and easier to fly
3 The movable rudder solves problem of adverse yaw
4 Orville Learns to fly
5 The wrights are ready to add motor & propeller




                                                         P22
The Wright Brothers
                     and the invention of the Airplane




                    Building the flyer
1   wing area increased to 500 sq ft: weight to 750 pounds
2   Motor and propeller to weigh no more than 180 lbs
3   Motor to develop 8 hp, propellers to yield 90 lbs thrust
4    Orville & Taylor build motor, 12 hp is achieved
5   Wilbur builds propellers. 120 lbs thrust @ 12 hp
6   Flyer is assembled at kitty hawk




                                                               P23
Early Otto Cycle four stroke internal combustion Engines
In 1876 when Wilhelm Maybach designed the first production Otto Engine it began a revolution in the development of
the internal combustion engine. This 1250 pound 4.4 HP engine replaced current designs weighing over 4000 pounds.
Six years later, after both Gotlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach had left the Deutz Company to develop engines for
automobiles, Maybach designed the first “ high speed” four cylinder motor. Both motors used Vacuum operated intake
valves as was common the practice at the time. Both used hot tube ignition which limited rpm.




1876 First Deutz Otto Cycle Engine 4.4HP @ 160 RPM                          1893 Daimler 5HP @620 RPM
   Displacement 372 Cubic Inches             Weight 1250 Pounds             146 Cubic Inches      Weight 331 Pounds
Orville builds engine for 1903 flyer
In 1894 Daimler, concerned about the fire hazard caused by the hot tube igniters, switched to spark
ignition which had been invented by Robert Bosch. This new ignition system removed the RPM limits
of the hot tube igniters and allowed the development of more powerful high speed motors. In1901 the
new Daimler 4 cylinder motor had a displacement 366 cubic inches and was producing 35 HP @ 1000
RPM. This motor made of cast iron weighed 535 Pounds.

In 1903 Wilbur Wright and Charlie Taylor designed and constructed the first Wright aircraft motor in
only six weeks. With a displacement 201 Cubic Inches it produced 12 HP @ 1200 RPM and weighed
180 pounds. (IN 1906 a modified version produced 24 HP @ 1300 RPM with no increase in weight)




The initial Wright design weigned 15 pounds per horespower by 1906 this was improved to 5 lbs per hp
1902 Wilbur Develops the first Aircraft propeller

                                                                                         Prop Diameter        = 28 inches
                                                                                         Blade Width at tip   = 7 inches
                                                                                         Fan Speed             = 1600 Rpm
                                                                                         Fan Thrust           = 12 pounds
                                                                                         Drive Power          = 0.8 HP

                                                                                         The thrust was found to vary
                                                                                         as the square of the Rpm
                                                                                         Wind Speed           = 25 mph



                                                                                         Prop Diameter          = 8.5 feet
                                                                                         Blade width at tip     = 6 inches
                                                                                         Blade Area             = 2 sq. ft.
                                                                                         Prop speed             = 245 Rpm
                                                                                         Speed at C.P.           = 61 mph
                                                                                         Normal pressure        = 12.4 lb./sq. ft.
                                                                                         Thrust                  = 18.75 lbs.
                                                                                         CL = 18.76/24.8         = 0.756
                                                                                         Angle for airfoil #31 = 7.25 deg
                                                                                         Measured torque          = 3.5 lbs
                                                                                         Measured power           = 0.58 HP
                                                                                         L/D of propeller airfoil = 5.4


The Wrights Estimated that the thrust required to fly the 925 pound 1903 Flyer at 24MPH was 90 Pounds. The speed at 330 Rpm at the
center of pressure of the 8.5 foot wright props would be about 80 mph. The dynamic pressure on the blade would be 11 times that of the
wings. The thrust required was estimated at 9.7% of the aircraft weight. The required blade area of both props would then be 0.88% of the
wing area or 4.5 sq. ft. The 1903 Wright Propellers were 8 inches wide and had a total blade area of 5.4 sq. ft. The 12HP 1903 Wright Motor
turned the Propellers at 350 rpm and produced 120 pounds of thrust.                                                          P26
Drawing of 1903 Wright Flyer




                          Wing Span 40 ft

                               Wing Area
                               503 sq ft

                            Length 28 ft

                           Weight 710 lb.




                                           P27
The Wright Brothers
                                                       and the invention of the Airplane
Modern analysis shows that The 1903 wright flyer produced enough thrust to accelerate to 31 mph against a 24 mph wind. It would not have been possible to
accelerate to flying speed without a strong wind down the launch rail. Early tests in 1905 showed that a catapult was necessary to insure a consistant launch.




                                                                                                                                                 P28
Wilbur’s first flight Dec 14 1903
  Stalled on takeoff - slight damage to forward structure




                                                            P29
Wilbur takes off on historic flight
           dec 17, 1903




                                      P30
Wilbur Lands at end of historic flight
      He flies 59 seconds at an average speed of 31 mph




                                                         P31
1904 Flights resume at Huffman Prarie Ohio
                   Increases in fuel and cooling water raised flyer weight to
The engine cylinders were bored out 1/8 inch and both a fuel and oil pump were incorporated.
                    This 16Hp motor produced 21 HP by the end of 1905




                                                                                      P32
Nov 9, 1904 wilbur circles the field four times
        Unable to count on the steady winds of Kitty Hawk
      The wrights Design a catapult to take off even in calm air




                                                                   P33
Three View Drawing of Final 1905 flyer
On July 14 1905 Orville Crashes on takeoff. The rebuilt 1905 Flyer is now easier to fly.
   The wrights double the size of the elevator and move it 12 ft ahead of the wing.
               This change vastly improve the stability of the Machine




                                                                                  P34
During a flight on Sept 28, 1905 Orville discovered how to get out of a spin.
Now they could fly as high and as far as fuel allowed The Next day they proved to a
     large crowd of spectators that they had mastered the dynamics of flight.
              Within a week flights up to 38 minutes were achieved.




                                                                                     P35
The Wrights build an aircraft motor




1908 Wright Production motor 40 HP@ 1500 RPM Displacement 238 Cubic Inches Weight 200 Pounds
             This new Motor was more reliable and acheived an impressive 5 lbs per hp
Wilbur flies in France August 1908
All doubts about their first flight in 1903 are dispelled




                                                          P36
Sept 1908 Orville Flies at Fort Myers
  On his first flight Orville flew 57 laps of the field in 57 minutes




                                                                    P37
1909 Wilbur flies past the Statue of Liberty
     more than a million people witnessed the flight




                                                      P38
The Author
                     Roland A. Boucher Irvine CA
    Mr Boucher is a Retired Engineering manager and licensed
    California Professional Engineer. He holds the patent for an
    electric powered aircraft and designed and developed and
    Demonstrated both an electric electric powered model aircraft
    in 1971 and a solar powered model aircraft in 1974. This
    Power Point Presentation was developed from the many view
    graph presentation Mr Boucher has given since 2003.

                                    References
The Bishopʼs Boys          Crouch           Pub W.W. Norton 1989
The Wright Brothers     Crouch & Jakab      Pub Smithsonian & Nat Geographic 2003
On Great white Wings    Culick & Dunmore Pub Hyperion/Madisom 2001
Wind and Sand           Wescott & Degen     Pub Abrams 1983
How we invented the Airplane Orville Wright Pub Dover 1953
The papers of Orville and Wilbur Wright M.W. McFarland, Editor      Pub Mcgraw Hill 1953
Charles Taylor           H.R. Dufour        Self Pub Printer Prime Printing Dayton Ohio
Internal Fire            Lyle Cummins        Pub Carnot Press 2000
Mercedes Auto Racing     Robert Dick         Pub Mcfarland & Company 1953
                                                                                   P39
The Wright Brothers
             and the invention of the Airplane
1 First Flight - The Wright Brothers and The invention of the airplane
2   Background
3   Wilbur takes a different approach
4   Otto Lilienthal 1895 Biplane Glider
5   Octave Chanute 1896 Biplane Glider.
6   Wright Kite 1899 Test of wing warping
7   1900 Wright Biplane Glider # 1 Wing Area 165 square feet
8   1900 Flight Test Results
9   1901 Wright Biplane Glider # 2. 290 square feet
10 1901 Wright Glider - Flying it as a Kite to measure of lift and drag
11 1901 Wright Glider - Wilbur lands after successful glide
12 1901 Wright Glider - Flight Test Results
13 1901 Why the Wrights build a Wind Tunnel
14 1901 Bicycle Wheel used to test lift of airfoil lift vs drag of flat plate
15 1901 Balance used to measure Lift and drag of a Number of airfoils
16 1901 Wind Tunnel used to test both lift & Drag of 60 airfoils
17 1901 Results of Wind tunnel Tests
18 1902 Glider New Design has much better Lift drag Ratio
19 1902 Glider in September Orville learns to fly
20 1902 Glider October 18, Orville & Dan Tate launch Wilbur
21 1902 Glider Wilbur glides above the sands.
22 1902 Glider- Flight Test Results                                            P40
The Wright Brothers
        and the invention of the Airplane

23 1903 Designing and Building the Flyer
24 1903 The Internal Combustion Engine
25 1903 Orville and Charlie Taylor Build Engine for Flyer
26 1903 Wilbur Develops first Aircraft propeller
27 1903 Drawing of 1903 Wright Flyer
28 1903 Modern Analysis of Wright Flyer Performance
29 1903 Wilburʼs first flight December 14
30 1903 Wilbur takes off on historic flight dec 17
31 1093 Wilbur lands at end of Historical Flight


Developing a practical Flying machine
32 1904 Flightʼs resume at Huffman Prarie With improved Flyer
33 1904 on Nov 9 Wilbur Circles the field four times
34 1905 The Flyer is redesigned after Orville crashes
35 1905 Sept 28 Orville discovers hoe to get out of a spin


Teaching the world to fly
36 1908 Wilbur Flies in France-all doubts are dispelled
37 1908 Orville flies at Fort Myers
38 1909 Wilbur flies past the Statue of Liberty
39 The Author & References
                                                                P41
Comparison of Otto & Daimler motors from 1876 to 1902
                        Wright motors from 1903 to 1908
       Year & Model         Cylinders   Displacement     Comp        Rpm        Power     Weight     Lb/HP
                                        Cubic inches     Ratio                   H.P.     Pounds

1876 Otto-Maybach              1            372           2.65        160        4.4       1250       284

1893 Daimler-Maybach           4            146           2.65        620         5         331       66

1893 Daimler-Maybach           2            49            2.65        800        4.2        183       20

1900 Damiler-Maybach           4            336           4.0         950         26        706       27

1901 Damiler-Maybach           4            366           4.0        1000         35        535       15



1903 Wright     Flat           4            201           4.5        1200         12        180       15

1904 Wright     Flat           4            208           4.5        1300        16.9       180       11

1906 Wright     Flat           4            201           4.5        1300         24        180       7.5

1908 Wright     Vertical       4            238           4.5        1500         40        200       5.0



In 1903 Orville Wright and Charlie Taylor designed and built a light weight 4 cylinder aircraft engine which
produced a power to weight ratio equal to some of the best race car engines in Europe. Over the next
three years they would improve this motor, doubling its power to 24 HP without any increase in weight.

In 1907/1908 the Wrights designed and built the 40 hp motor for their 1908 two place demonstration
aircraft. This new motor produced more than three times the power of the original 1903 motor with only
a modest 10 percent increase in weight.

                                                                                                      P A10

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Boeing Company Presentation
Boeing Company PresentationBoeing Company Presentation
Boeing Company Presentationamineshinobie
 
Progression of airplanes
Progression of airplanesProgression of airplanes
Progression of airplanescasteeldj77
 
Stevenson f 22 brief
Stevenson f 22 briefStevenson f 22 brief
Stevenson f 22 briefPicard578
 
Photo essay: The History of Airplanes
Photo essay: The History of AirplanesPhoto essay: The History of Airplanes
Photo essay: The History of AirplanesTara Smith
 
EASA Part-66 Module04 mcq's
EASA Part-66 Module04 mcq'sEASA Part-66 Module04 mcq's
EASA Part-66 Module04 mcq'sArmghan Saeed
 
Case study presentation on Boeing
Case study presentation on BoeingCase study presentation on Boeing
Case study presentation on BoeingManisha Yadav
 
The wright brothers
The wright brothersThe wright brothers
The wright brothersRahul Shinde
 
The Aviation History by Petcu Corina
The Aviation History by Petcu CorinaThe Aviation History by Petcu Corina
The Aviation History by Petcu Corinaandreimonica76
 
De Havilland Comet. The Worlds First Jet Airliner ( PDFDrive ).pdf
De Havilland Comet. The Worlds First Jet Airliner ( PDFDrive ).pdfDe Havilland Comet. The Worlds First Jet Airliner ( PDFDrive ).pdf
De Havilland Comet. The Worlds First Jet Airliner ( PDFDrive ).pdffran817596
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Airplanes
AirplanesAirplanes
Airplanes
 
Boeing Company Presentation
Boeing Company PresentationBoeing Company Presentation
Boeing Company Presentation
 
Progression of airplanes
Progression of airplanesProgression of airplanes
Progression of airplanes
 
Write brothers
Write brothersWrite brothers
Write brothers
 
Stevenson f 22 brief
Stevenson f 22 briefStevenson f 22 brief
Stevenson f 22 brief
 
Photo essay: The History of Airplanes
Photo essay: The History of AirplanesPhoto essay: The History of Airplanes
Photo essay: The History of Airplanes
 
Kamikaze
Kamikaze  Kamikaze
Kamikaze
 
EASA Part-66 Module04 mcq's
EASA Part-66 Module04 mcq'sEASA Part-66 Module04 mcq's
EASA Part-66 Module04 mcq's
 
Case study presentation on Boeing
Case study presentation on BoeingCase study presentation on Boeing
Case study presentation on Boeing
 
The wright brothers
The wright brothersThe wright brothers
The wright brothers
 
Gliders
GlidersGliders
Gliders
 
boeing 737
boeing 737 boeing 737
boeing 737
 
The Comet Disaster.pptx
The Comet Disaster.pptxThe Comet Disaster.pptx
The Comet Disaster.pptx
 
The Aviation History by Petcu Corina
The Aviation History by Petcu CorinaThe Aviation History by Petcu Corina
The Aviation History by Petcu Corina
 
AIRPLANE HISTORY
AIRPLANE HISTORYAIRPLANE HISTORY
AIRPLANE HISTORY
 
American airlines
American airlinesAmerican airlines
American airlines
 
Jet Blue case study
Jet Blue case studyJet Blue case study
Jet Blue case study
 
Boeing
BoeingBoeing
Boeing
 
Aircraft Wing
Aircraft Wing Aircraft Wing
Aircraft Wing
 
De Havilland Comet. The Worlds First Jet Airliner ( PDFDrive ).pdf
De Havilland Comet. The Worlds First Jet Airliner ( PDFDrive ).pdfDe Havilland Comet. The Worlds First Jet Airliner ( PDFDrive ).pdf
De Havilland Comet. The Worlds First Jet Airliner ( PDFDrive ).pdf
 

Ähnlich wie Wright brothers 1899 1909(rev4)

ppt on wright brotgers
ppt on wright brotgersppt on wright brotgers
ppt on wright brotgersAthul Reji
 
The wright brothers started with a glider before going to powered flight.
The wright brothers started with a glider before going to powered flight.The wright brothers started with a glider before going to powered flight.
The wright brothers started with a glider before going to powered flight.InsuranceNebraska
 
Step 5 - Ahmed Hamza Ahmed
Step 5 - Ahmed Hamza Ahmed Step 5 - Ahmed Hamza Ahmed
Step 5 - Ahmed Hamza Ahmed AhmedHamza94
 
Brown Bag Presentation: Free Flight
Brown Bag Presentation: Free FlightBrown Bag Presentation: Free Flight
Brown Bag Presentation: Free FlightCarbon Design Group
 
Fundamentals of aviation 1 history
Fundamentals of aviation 1 historyFundamentals of aviation 1 history
Fundamentals of aviation 1 historyNarudh Cheramakara
 
DOC-20230421-WA0001..docx
DOC-20230421-WA0001..docxDOC-20230421-WA0001..docx
DOC-20230421-WA0001..docxyashwanthS63
 
History of aeroplane 1
History of aeroplane 1History of aeroplane 1
History of aeroplane 1Smart Vino
 
Wright Brothers Story |short version| by.. [Mikee & CO]
Wright Brothers Story |short version|  by..  [Mikee & CO]Wright Brothers Story |short version|  by..  [Mikee & CO]
Wright Brothers Story |short version| by.. [Mikee & CO]mikepirincho
 
Wright Brothers History |short ver.| by.. [Mikee & CO]
Wright Brothers History |short ver.| by.. [Mikee & CO]Wright Brothers History |short ver.| by.. [Mikee & CO]
Wright Brothers History |short ver.| by.. [Mikee & CO]guestea7b8
 
AeroSpace Engg-pages-1-73 (1)-5.docx
AeroSpace Engg-pages-1-73 (1)-5.docxAeroSpace Engg-pages-1-73 (1)-5.docx
AeroSpace Engg-pages-1-73 (1)-5.docxMohammad Muzakhir Ali
 
Aeronautical Engineering in the websites
Aeronautical Engineering in the websitesAeronautical Engineering in the websites
Aeronautical Engineering in the websitesgyanimahato4345
 
Elements of-aeronautics
Elements of-aeronauticsElements of-aeronautics
Elements of-aeronauticsniranjrnk
 
The Wright Brothers
The Wright Brothers The Wright Brothers
The Wright Brothers dallybundy
 
Aircraft basics
Aircraft basicsAircraft basics
Aircraft basicsKartik HM
 
Wright propellers (rev3)
Wright propellers (rev3)Wright propellers (rev3)
Wright propellers (rev3)Roland Boucher
 
Week 6- Wright Brothers.pptx
Week 6-  Wright Brothers.pptxWeek 6-  Wright Brothers.pptx
Week 6- Wright Brothers.pptxTheresaUke
 
Aviation History by Moga Ionut
Aviation History by Moga IonutAviation History by Moga Ionut
Aviation History by Moga Ionutandreimonica76
 
Wright Presantation
Wright PresantationWright Presantation
Wright PresantationJhummel07
 
Aerial inventions in motorless flight, SSA 2011 Banquet Presentation by Dr. K...
Aerial inventions in motorless flight, SSA 2011 Banquet Presentation by Dr. K...Aerial inventions in motorless flight, SSA 2011 Banquet Presentation by Dr. K...
Aerial inventions in motorless flight, SSA 2011 Banquet Presentation by Dr. K...Glider Pilot
 
飞行器:结构和原理(英文版)
飞行器:结构和原理(英文版)飞行器:结构和原理(英文版)
飞行器:结构和原理(英文版)nuaawubin
 

Ähnlich wie Wright brothers 1899 1909(rev4) (20)

ppt on wright brotgers
ppt on wright brotgersppt on wright brotgers
ppt on wright brotgers
 
The wright brothers started with a glider before going to powered flight.
The wright brothers started with a glider before going to powered flight.The wright brothers started with a glider before going to powered flight.
The wright brothers started with a glider before going to powered flight.
 
Step 5 - Ahmed Hamza Ahmed
Step 5 - Ahmed Hamza Ahmed Step 5 - Ahmed Hamza Ahmed
Step 5 - Ahmed Hamza Ahmed
 
Brown Bag Presentation: Free Flight
Brown Bag Presentation: Free FlightBrown Bag Presentation: Free Flight
Brown Bag Presentation: Free Flight
 
Fundamentals of aviation 1 history
Fundamentals of aviation 1 historyFundamentals of aviation 1 history
Fundamentals of aviation 1 history
 
DOC-20230421-WA0001..docx
DOC-20230421-WA0001..docxDOC-20230421-WA0001..docx
DOC-20230421-WA0001..docx
 
History of aeroplane 1
History of aeroplane 1History of aeroplane 1
History of aeroplane 1
 
Wright Brothers Story |short version| by.. [Mikee & CO]
Wright Brothers Story |short version|  by..  [Mikee & CO]Wright Brothers Story |short version|  by..  [Mikee & CO]
Wright Brothers Story |short version| by.. [Mikee & CO]
 
Wright Brothers History |short ver.| by.. [Mikee & CO]
Wright Brothers History |short ver.| by.. [Mikee & CO]Wright Brothers History |short ver.| by.. [Mikee & CO]
Wright Brothers History |short ver.| by.. [Mikee & CO]
 
AeroSpace Engg-pages-1-73 (1)-5.docx
AeroSpace Engg-pages-1-73 (1)-5.docxAeroSpace Engg-pages-1-73 (1)-5.docx
AeroSpace Engg-pages-1-73 (1)-5.docx
 
Aeronautical Engineering in the websites
Aeronautical Engineering in the websitesAeronautical Engineering in the websites
Aeronautical Engineering in the websites
 
Elements of-aeronautics
Elements of-aeronauticsElements of-aeronautics
Elements of-aeronautics
 
The Wright Brothers
The Wright Brothers The Wright Brothers
The Wright Brothers
 
Aircraft basics
Aircraft basicsAircraft basics
Aircraft basics
 
Wright propellers (rev3)
Wright propellers (rev3)Wright propellers (rev3)
Wright propellers (rev3)
 
Week 6- Wright Brothers.pptx
Week 6-  Wright Brothers.pptxWeek 6-  Wright Brothers.pptx
Week 6- Wright Brothers.pptx
 
Aviation History by Moga Ionut
Aviation History by Moga IonutAviation History by Moga Ionut
Aviation History by Moga Ionut
 
Wright Presantation
Wright PresantationWright Presantation
Wright Presantation
 
Aerial inventions in motorless flight, SSA 2011 Banquet Presentation by Dr. K...
Aerial inventions in motorless flight, SSA 2011 Banquet Presentation by Dr. K...Aerial inventions in motorless flight, SSA 2011 Banquet Presentation by Dr. K...
Aerial inventions in motorless flight, SSA 2011 Banquet Presentation by Dr. K...
 
飞行器:结构和原理(英文版)
飞行器:结构和原理(英文版)飞行器:结构和原理(英文版)
飞行器:结构和原理(英文版)
 

Mehr von Roland Boucher

Three Primary Standards ofMeasurement in the Ancient World
Three Primary  Standards ofMeasurement in the Ancient WorldThree Primary  Standards ofMeasurement in the Ancient World
Three Primary Standards ofMeasurement in the Ancient WorldRoland Boucher
 
The Lost Winchester Bushel And the origin of the Troy and Scottish (mercantil...
The Lost Winchester Bushel And the origin of the Troy and Scottish (mercantil...The Lost Winchester Bushel And the origin of the Troy and Scottish (mercantil...
The Lost Winchester Bushel And the origin of the Troy and Scottish (mercantil...Roland Boucher
 
The Ancient search for a Universal Standard of length 05/03/2014
The Ancient search for a Universal Standard of length 05/03/2014The Ancient search for a Universal Standard of length 05/03/2014
The Ancient search for a Universal Standard of length 05/03/2014Roland Boucher
 
UCFTR 20% tax rate proposal 2005
UCFTR 20% tax rate proposal 2005UCFTR 20% tax rate proposal 2005
UCFTR 20% tax rate proposal 2005Roland Boucher
 
20% top Federal Tax Rate
20% top Federal Tax Rate20% top Federal Tax Rate
20% top Federal Tax RateRoland Boucher
 
The author roland boucher
The author roland boucherThe author roland boucher
The author roland boucherRoland Boucher
 
Ma 1 reliability task force
Ma 1 reliability task forceMa 1 reliability task force
Ma 1 reliability task forceRoland Boucher
 

Mehr von Roland Boucher (10)

Three Primary Standards ofMeasurement in the Ancient World
Three Primary  Standards ofMeasurement in the Ancient WorldThree Primary  Standards ofMeasurement in the Ancient World
Three Primary Standards ofMeasurement in the Ancient World
 
The Lost Winchester Bushel And the origin of the Troy and Scottish (mercantil...
The Lost Winchester Bushel And the origin of the Troy and Scottish (mercantil...The Lost Winchester Bushel And the origin of the Troy and Scottish (mercantil...
The Lost Winchester Bushel And the origin of the Troy and Scottish (mercantil...
 
The Ancient search for a Universal Standard of length 05/03/2014
The Ancient search for a Universal Standard of length 05/03/2014The Ancient search for a Universal Standard of length 05/03/2014
The Ancient search for a Universal Standard of length 05/03/2014
 
UCFTR 20% tax rate proposal 2005
UCFTR 20% tax rate proposal 2005UCFTR 20% tax rate proposal 2005
UCFTR 20% tax rate proposal 2005
 
20% top Federal Tax Rate
20% top Federal Tax Rate20% top Federal Tax Rate
20% top Federal Tax Rate
 
The author roland boucher
The author roland boucherThe author roland boucher
The author roland boucher
 
Ma 1 reliability task force
Ma 1 reliability task forceMa 1 reliability task force
Ma 1 reliability task force
 
Wright engine (rev3)
Wright engine (rev3)Wright engine (rev3)
Wright engine (rev3)
 
Project sunrise(h)
Project sunrise(h)Project sunrise(h)
Project sunrise(h)
 
Aerosat development
Aerosat developmentAerosat development
Aerosat development
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 

Wright brothers 1899 1909(rev4)

  • 1. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the airplane Photo Orville (L) and Wilbur (R) attend an air show in New York in 1910 seven years after their first successful flight Wilbur Wright was Born on February 4, 1868 Orville Wright was Born on August 19, 1871 They lived with their Parents Bishop Milton Wright, his wife Susan and their sister, Katherine at 7 Hawthorn street in Dayton Ohio. Both were high school graduates Wilbur wrote church pamphlets for the Bishop Orville printed and published a newspaper Both ran the “Wright Brothers Cycle Shop” in 1899 Wilbur was 31 years old, Orville 28 Rev 2 - 10/01/08 P1
  • 2. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane Wilbur becomes interested in mechanical flight 1896 Lilienthal is Killed Wilbur concludes that control by shifting a pilots his weight is Not Safe Wilbur contemplates how control might be achieved Wilbur contemplates how a pilot might learn to fly Wilbur contacts the Smithsonian Museum to learn about other attempts Wilbur contacts Octave Chanute to learn of his achievements WILBUR TAKES A DIFFERENT APPROACH 1 Airplane need not be STABLE ..It Must be Controlled by the pilot 2 Wilbur demonstrates Control in both Roll and Pitch with a kite 1899 3 Wilbur plans to fly stationary in strong winds on the crest of a slope 4 Wilbur seeks a location with strong winds, steep slopes, and soft sand Wilbur and Orville build their first glider 1900 P3
  • 3. Otto Lilienthal Biplane Gliders 1891-1896 wing area 165 square feet P4
  • 4. 1896 Octave Chanute biplane Glider wing Area 165 square feet P5
  • 5. 1899 Wilbur flies Kite to test wing warping for roll control P6
  • 6. 1900 Wright glider - tested as a kite Wing Span 17 Feet, Wing Area 165 square feet P7
  • 7. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane Flight Test Results 1900 Glider 1 Lilienthal Airfoil lift data is wrong by almost 50% Wind Speed of 25 mph required (not 17 mph from tables) 2 Lilienthal Airfoil Pitch data is all wrong Wing Airfoil is unstable .. The center of pressure moves the wrong way 3 Wright Design works...pitch & roll can be controlled 4 Flying Glider as a kite yields important data 5 Flying as a kite allows Wilbur to learn to fly P8
  • 8. 1901 Wright Glider Wing span 22 Feet, Wing area 290 Sq FT P9
  • 9. Testing the 1901 Glider as a kite The angle of the strings show low lift and high drag Lilienthal’s data is wrong !! P10
  • 10. Wilbur lands glider after successful flight P11
  • 11. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane Flight Test Results 1901 Glider 1 Lilienthal Airfoil nearly uncontrollable in Pitch 2 Pitch is control regained when wright Airfoil Restored 3 Largest glider ever flown can still be controlled 4 Gravity is a reliable and steady source of power 5 lilienthal airfoil Data is most certainly wrong 6 Wilbur Presents paper before Aeronautical Society P12
  • 12. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane Why the Wrights built a wind tunnel 1 Glider Test of 1901 indicate errors in airfoil data Lift of the wing was much less than predicted Center of pressure moves in wrong direction 2 Lift (pounds) = 0.005 Vsq x Area x CL 0.005 = Smeaton’s Coefficient is wrong! V = speed in miles per hour A = Wing area in square feet CL = Coefficient of Lift P13
  • 13. The Wright Brothers Wrights mount a balance in front of bicycle to test airfoil data Conclusions reached from bicycle tests 1 Lilienthal table showed balance at 5 degrees but the Wrights measured 18 degrees 2 A flat Plate airfoil required 24 degrees to balance .... a curved surface produced more lift 3 A long thin airfoil produced more lift than a square one 4 The Lilienthal tables were wrong. He failed to take into accountthe pitch moment 5 A wind tunnel would be neededto obtain reliable data P14
  • 14. Wright Wind tunnel Balance using Dual Parallelograms The Wrights measure small forces accurately by balancing the force of 60 different airfoils to a fixed size flat plate in their wind tunnel The Lift force on the test airfoil will rotate the parallelogram in a clockwise direction The drag force on the flat plate will tend to rotate the parallelogram counter clockwise restoring a balance with the angle of rotation equal to the ratio of lift to drag Drag Force on the flat plate P15
  • 15. 1901 The Wrights build wind tunnel to obtain reliable aeronautical data- 60 airfoils tested P16
  • 16. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane Wind tunnel test Results 1902 1 Over 60 airfoils tested 2 The effect of Aspect ratio determined 3 the effect of multiple wings is determined 4 a simple way to test wing efficiency is found 5 The best airfoil for the 1902 glider is chosen 6 this is the best data available for the next ten years P17
  • 17. Flying 1902 glider as a kite Wing Span 32 feet, Wing Area 320 Square Feet near vertical ropes show that lift is now much larger than drag P18
  • 18. Orville Learns to fly on 1902 flyer P19
  • 19. October 18 photo of Orville and Dan Tate launching Wilbur on 1902 Flyer P20
  • 20. 1902 Wilbur glides above over the sands P21
  • 21. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane Flight Test Results 1902 Glider 1 the Glider performs as designed..Wind tunnel data OK 2 the new glider is more efficient and easier to fly 3 The movable rudder solves problem of adverse yaw 4 Orville Learns to fly 5 The wrights are ready to add motor & propeller P22
  • 22. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane Building the flyer 1 wing area increased to 500 sq ft: weight to 750 pounds 2 Motor and propeller to weigh no more than 180 lbs 3 Motor to develop 8 hp, propellers to yield 90 lbs thrust 4 Orville & Taylor build motor, 12 hp is achieved 5 Wilbur builds propellers. 120 lbs thrust @ 12 hp 6 Flyer is assembled at kitty hawk P23
  • 23. Early Otto Cycle four stroke internal combustion Engines In 1876 when Wilhelm Maybach designed the first production Otto Engine it began a revolution in the development of the internal combustion engine. This 1250 pound 4.4 HP engine replaced current designs weighing over 4000 pounds. Six years later, after both Gotlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach had left the Deutz Company to develop engines for automobiles, Maybach designed the first “ high speed” four cylinder motor. Both motors used Vacuum operated intake valves as was common the practice at the time. Both used hot tube ignition which limited rpm. 1876 First Deutz Otto Cycle Engine 4.4HP @ 160 RPM 1893 Daimler 5HP @620 RPM Displacement 372 Cubic Inches Weight 1250 Pounds 146 Cubic Inches Weight 331 Pounds
  • 24. Orville builds engine for 1903 flyer In 1894 Daimler, concerned about the fire hazard caused by the hot tube igniters, switched to spark ignition which had been invented by Robert Bosch. This new ignition system removed the RPM limits of the hot tube igniters and allowed the development of more powerful high speed motors. In1901 the new Daimler 4 cylinder motor had a displacement 366 cubic inches and was producing 35 HP @ 1000 RPM. This motor made of cast iron weighed 535 Pounds. In 1903 Wilbur Wright and Charlie Taylor designed and constructed the first Wright aircraft motor in only six weeks. With a displacement 201 Cubic Inches it produced 12 HP @ 1200 RPM and weighed 180 pounds. (IN 1906 a modified version produced 24 HP @ 1300 RPM with no increase in weight) The initial Wright design weigned 15 pounds per horespower by 1906 this was improved to 5 lbs per hp
  • 25. 1902 Wilbur Develops the first Aircraft propeller Prop Diameter = 28 inches Blade Width at tip = 7 inches Fan Speed = 1600 Rpm Fan Thrust = 12 pounds Drive Power = 0.8 HP The thrust was found to vary as the square of the Rpm Wind Speed = 25 mph Prop Diameter = 8.5 feet Blade width at tip = 6 inches Blade Area = 2 sq. ft. Prop speed = 245 Rpm Speed at C.P. = 61 mph Normal pressure = 12.4 lb./sq. ft. Thrust = 18.75 lbs. CL = 18.76/24.8 = 0.756 Angle for airfoil #31 = 7.25 deg Measured torque = 3.5 lbs Measured power = 0.58 HP L/D of propeller airfoil = 5.4 The Wrights Estimated that the thrust required to fly the 925 pound 1903 Flyer at 24MPH was 90 Pounds. The speed at 330 Rpm at the center of pressure of the 8.5 foot wright props would be about 80 mph. The dynamic pressure on the blade would be 11 times that of the wings. The thrust required was estimated at 9.7% of the aircraft weight. The required blade area of both props would then be 0.88% of the wing area or 4.5 sq. ft. The 1903 Wright Propellers were 8 inches wide and had a total blade area of 5.4 sq. ft. The 12HP 1903 Wright Motor turned the Propellers at 350 rpm and produced 120 pounds of thrust. P26
  • 26. Drawing of 1903 Wright Flyer Wing Span 40 ft Wing Area 503 sq ft Length 28 ft Weight 710 lb. P27
  • 27. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane Modern analysis shows that The 1903 wright flyer produced enough thrust to accelerate to 31 mph against a 24 mph wind. It would not have been possible to accelerate to flying speed without a strong wind down the launch rail. Early tests in 1905 showed that a catapult was necessary to insure a consistant launch. P28
  • 28. Wilbur’s first flight Dec 14 1903 Stalled on takeoff - slight damage to forward structure P29
  • 29. Wilbur takes off on historic flight dec 17, 1903 P30
  • 30. Wilbur Lands at end of historic flight He flies 59 seconds at an average speed of 31 mph P31
  • 31. 1904 Flights resume at Huffman Prarie Ohio Increases in fuel and cooling water raised flyer weight to The engine cylinders were bored out 1/8 inch and both a fuel and oil pump were incorporated. This 16Hp motor produced 21 HP by the end of 1905 P32
  • 32. Nov 9, 1904 wilbur circles the field four times Unable to count on the steady winds of Kitty Hawk The wrights Design a catapult to take off even in calm air P33
  • 33. Three View Drawing of Final 1905 flyer On July 14 1905 Orville Crashes on takeoff. The rebuilt 1905 Flyer is now easier to fly. The wrights double the size of the elevator and move it 12 ft ahead of the wing. This change vastly improve the stability of the Machine P34
  • 34. During a flight on Sept 28, 1905 Orville discovered how to get out of a spin. Now they could fly as high and as far as fuel allowed The Next day they proved to a large crowd of spectators that they had mastered the dynamics of flight. Within a week flights up to 38 minutes were achieved. P35
  • 35. The Wrights build an aircraft motor 1908 Wright Production motor 40 HP@ 1500 RPM Displacement 238 Cubic Inches Weight 200 Pounds This new Motor was more reliable and acheived an impressive 5 lbs per hp
  • 36. Wilbur flies in France August 1908 All doubts about their first flight in 1903 are dispelled P36
  • 37. Sept 1908 Orville Flies at Fort Myers On his first flight Orville flew 57 laps of the field in 57 minutes P37
  • 38. 1909 Wilbur flies past the Statue of Liberty more than a million people witnessed the flight P38
  • 39. The Author Roland A. Boucher Irvine CA Mr Boucher is a Retired Engineering manager and licensed California Professional Engineer. He holds the patent for an electric powered aircraft and designed and developed and Demonstrated both an electric electric powered model aircraft in 1971 and a solar powered model aircraft in 1974. This Power Point Presentation was developed from the many view graph presentation Mr Boucher has given since 2003. References The Bishopʼs Boys Crouch Pub W.W. Norton 1989 The Wright Brothers Crouch & Jakab Pub Smithsonian & Nat Geographic 2003 On Great white Wings Culick & Dunmore Pub Hyperion/Madisom 2001 Wind and Sand Wescott & Degen Pub Abrams 1983 How we invented the Airplane Orville Wright Pub Dover 1953 The papers of Orville and Wilbur Wright M.W. McFarland, Editor Pub Mcgraw Hill 1953 Charles Taylor H.R. Dufour Self Pub Printer Prime Printing Dayton Ohio Internal Fire Lyle Cummins Pub Carnot Press 2000 Mercedes Auto Racing Robert Dick Pub Mcfarland & Company 1953 P39
  • 40. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane 1 First Flight - The Wright Brothers and The invention of the airplane 2 Background 3 Wilbur takes a different approach 4 Otto Lilienthal 1895 Biplane Glider 5 Octave Chanute 1896 Biplane Glider. 6 Wright Kite 1899 Test of wing warping 7 1900 Wright Biplane Glider # 1 Wing Area 165 square feet 8 1900 Flight Test Results 9 1901 Wright Biplane Glider # 2. 290 square feet 10 1901 Wright Glider - Flying it as a Kite to measure of lift and drag 11 1901 Wright Glider - Wilbur lands after successful glide 12 1901 Wright Glider - Flight Test Results 13 1901 Why the Wrights build a Wind Tunnel 14 1901 Bicycle Wheel used to test lift of airfoil lift vs drag of flat plate 15 1901 Balance used to measure Lift and drag of a Number of airfoils 16 1901 Wind Tunnel used to test both lift & Drag of 60 airfoils 17 1901 Results of Wind tunnel Tests 18 1902 Glider New Design has much better Lift drag Ratio 19 1902 Glider in September Orville learns to fly 20 1902 Glider October 18, Orville & Dan Tate launch Wilbur 21 1902 Glider Wilbur glides above the sands. 22 1902 Glider- Flight Test Results P40
  • 41. The Wright Brothers and the invention of the Airplane 23 1903 Designing and Building the Flyer 24 1903 The Internal Combustion Engine 25 1903 Orville and Charlie Taylor Build Engine for Flyer 26 1903 Wilbur Develops first Aircraft propeller 27 1903 Drawing of 1903 Wright Flyer 28 1903 Modern Analysis of Wright Flyer Performance 29 1903 Wilburʼs first flight December 14 30 1903 Wilbur takes off on historic flight dec 17 31 1093 Wilbur lands at end of Historical Flight Developing a practical Flying machine 32 1904 Flightʼs resume at Huffman Prarie With improved Flyer 33 1904 on Nov 9 Wilbur Circles the field four times 34 1905 The Flyer is redesigned after Orville crashes 35 1905 Sept 28 Orville discovers hoe to get out of a spin Teaching the world to fly 36 1908 Wilbur Flies in France-all doubts are dispelled 37 1908 Orville flies at Fort Myers 38 1909 Wilbur flies past the Statue of Liberty 39 The Author & References P41
  • 42. Comparison of Otto & Daimler motors from 1876 to 1902 Wright motors from 1903 to 1908 Year & Model Cylinders Displacement Comp Rpm Power Weight Lb/HP Cubic inches Ratio H.P. Pounds 1876 Otto-Maybach 1 372 2.65 160 4.4 1250 284 1893 Daimler-Maybach 4 146 2.65 620 5 331 66 1893 Daimler-Maybach 2 49 2.65 800 4.2 183 20 1900 Damiler-Maybach 4 336 4.0 950 26 706 27 1901 Damiler-Maybach 4 366 4.0 1000 35 535 15 1903 Wright Flat 4 201 4.5 1200 12 180 15 1904 Wright Flat 4 208 4.5 1300 16.9 180 11 1906 Wright Flat 4 201 4.5 1300 24 180 7.5 1908 Wright Vertical 4 238 4.5 1500 40 200 5.0 In 1903 Orville Wright and Charlie Taylor designed and built a light weight 4 cylinder aircraft engine which produced a power to weight ratio equal to some of the best race car engines in Europe. Over the next three years they would improve this motor, doubling its power to 24 HP without any increase in weight. In 1907/1908 the Wrights designed and built the 40 hp motor for their 1908 two place demonstration aircraft. This new motor produced more than three times the power of the original 1903 motor with only a modest 10 percent increase in weight. P A10