Selenium training

© 2010 LogiGear Corporation. All Rights Reserved
Selenium Outline
For LCTPII
Hieu Pham – Dung Huynh – Tuan Tran

• Introduction to Selenium
• Introduction to Selenium IDE
• Introduction to Selenium RC
• How Selenium works
• How to install Selenium IDE
• Using Selenium IDE
• Create and Run a test in Selenium IDE
• Useful Tools in Selenium IDE
• Introduction to TestNG framework
• Introduction to OOP in Java
• How to setup TestNG in Eclipse IDE
• Creating a simple test in TestNG
• Running a test in TestNG
• Data-driven test in TestNG
Outline of Sections

Selenium Overview
Selenium is a suite of tools to automate
web-app testing across many platforms.
• Selenium can work on any Javascript
supported browsers.
• Selenium can be controlled by many
programming languages and testing
frameworks.
• Selenium can simulate a user navigating
through pages and then assert for specific
marks on the pages

Selenium Features
• Tests run directly in browser
• Support multiple browsers
• Intelligent field selection by using IDs, Names, XPath,
Dom, CSS,…
• Easy to convert to many formats (HTML, Java, C#,…)
• Can be used for unit-testing, regression testing, smoke-
testing, integration and acceptance testing.
• Since Selenium is an Open Source tool, there are no
Licensing costs and can be customized as per user
request

Introduction to Selenium IDE
What is the Selenium IDE ?
(Integrated Development Environment)
• Selenium IDE is an integrated development
environment for Selenium scripts.
• It is implemented as a Firefox extension, and
allows you to record, edit, and debug tests.
• Selenium IDE includes the entire Selenium
Core, allowing you to easily and quickly record
and play back tests in the actual environment that
they will run.

Introduction to Selenium RC
What is Selenium Remote
Control (RC)?
• Selenium RC is a client/server system
that allows you to control web browsers
locally or on other computers, using
almost any programming language and
testing framework.
• A server which automatically launches
and kills browsers, and acts as a HTTP
proxy for web requests from them.
• Client libraries for your favorite
computer language.
• Selenium Core is the original
Javascript-based testing system.

How Selenium Works
• Using Selenium IDE to record
test script, then export to
appropriate programming
languages
• Edit test script on Programming
IDE (Ex: Eclipse)
• Using Selenium RC to run test
script on Browsers (Firefox, IE,
Chrome, Safari,…)
• Selenium Grid extends
Selenium RC to distribute your
tests across multiple servers,
saving you time by running tests
in parallel

How to install the Selenium IDE
• Go to Selenium download page,
find and install the latest selenium
IDE extension for Firefox
http://seleniumhq.org/download/
• Select Install Now. The Firefox Add-
ons window pops up, first showing a
progress bar, and when the
download is complete, displays the
following windows.

• Restart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE
listed under the Firefox Tools menu

• Opening the IDE
To run the Selenium-IDE, simply
select it from the Firefox Tools
menu. It opens as follows with
an empty script-editing window
and a menu for loading, or
creating new test cases.
• What is needed machine wise to
setup the tool ?
– Firefox 2.0 +

Using the Selenium IDE
• Menu:
 The Options menu
allows the changing of
settings.
 The Help menu is the
standard Firefox Help
menu; only one item
on this menu–UI-
Element
Documentation–
pertains to Selenium-
IDE.

- Toolbar:
The toolbar contains
buttons for controlling
the execution of your
test cases, including a
step feature for
debugging your test
cases. The right-most
button, the one with
the red-dot, is the
record button.

- Toolbar(cont.) :
 Apply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive
sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action.
 Record: Records the user’s browser actions. Record: Records the
user’s browser actions.
 Step: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one
command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.
Record: Records the user’s browser actions.

• Test case Pane:
– Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has
two tabs, one for displaying the command and their
parameters in a readable “table” format.

• The Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently
selected command along with its parameters
• If you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be
populated based on the first characters you type; you can then
select your desired command from the drop-down.

• Some popular Selenium commands
Command Target Description
Open URL (Ex: http://www.google.com ) Navigate to a page
Click Control id Click on a control base on id
Type Textbox id Type onto a textbox base on id
verifyTextPresent String of text Check the existing of the text in the page
assertTitle String of text Check the title of the page
Select Id of dropdown, select value Select an item in a drop down list
Check / Uncheck Check box id Check or Uncheck an check box base on id
waitForElementPresent Element id Test case will stop and only continue when
element present in the page
chooseOkOnNextConfi
rmation/
chooseCancelOnNextC
onfirmation
Choose OK/ Cancel when a confirmation
prompts appear

• Log/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane
 Log: When you run your test case, error messages and
information messages showing the progress are displayed in
this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log
tab.

• Log/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane
 Reference: is the default selection whenever you are entering
or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table
mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display
documentation on the current command.

Creating a Test in Selenium IDE
• How to write test in Selenium IDE
– With using recorder:
 Open Selenium IDE in FireFox

• How to write test in Selenium IDE
– With using recorder(cont.)
 Choose HTML format
Notes: Notice that the red button is pressed mean it’s ready to record test case

• How to write test in Selenium
IDE
– With using recorder(cont.)
Here is an example test:
TC name: Verify the user can login to
yahoo mail successfully.
Steps:
1. Open new tab in FireFox and
navigate to Yahoo Mail
page(http://mail.yahoo.com )
2. Enter username and
password(example Username:
kimlgr1@yahoo.com , Password: logigear)
3. Click Sign In
Scripts will be generated in Selenium IDE
VP: Verify the main page is loaded
successfully.

• How to write test in
Selenium IDE (cont.)
Guideline for verification:
 To verify that main page is
loaded successfully, we could
check for existing of Sign out
link.
 Right click Sign out link
 Choose Show all available
commands
 Choose verifyElementPresent
link = Sign Out

Running a Test in Selenium
• How to run a test?
• How to debug a test?
• Review results
• Exercise for Selenium

• How to run a test?
The IDE allows many options for running your test
case.
 Run a Test: Click the Run button to run the currently displayed test
case.
 Run a Test Suite: Click the Run All button to run all the test cases in
the currently loaded test suite.
 Stop and Start: The Pause button can be used to stop the test case
while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the
Resume button. To continue click Resume.
 Stop in the Middle: You can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it
to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test
case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the
context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.

• How to run a test? (cont.)
Start from the Middle: You can tell the IDE to begin
running from a specific command in the middle of the test
case. This also is used for debugging.
Run Any Single Command: Double-click any single
command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a
single command.

Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case.
This is a normal part of test case development.
o Breakpoints and Startpoints:
o To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context
menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test
case from the beginning up to the breakpoint
o To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context
menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the
test case beginning at that startpoint.

o Stepping Through a Testcase:
To execute a test case one command at a time
(“step through” it), follow these steps:
Start the test case running with the Run button
from the toolbar.
Immediately pause the executing test case with
the Pause button.
Repeatedly select the Step button.

• Review Results:
– After test run
successfully, we
can view report
result in Log panel
like as picture

• Exercises for Selenium:
A simple exercise:
– Open http://www.google.com in Firefox
– Open Selenium IDE, Tools > Selenium IDE
– Make sure that Selenium is in recording mode
– Type in “LogiGear”
– On the search results verify that “LogiGear” is one of the search results on the
first page
– Save the test case as “Google_ide”
– Run the saved test case back again using the IDE
– View the results in the IDE

Exercise one
Search with Google:
 The recorded
steps in the pane.
 The result is in the
IDE

Locate by ID
Locate by Name
Locate by XPath
Locate by CSS
Locate by link Text
Locate by DOM
Locate Element in Selenium IDE

• Pattern table
• How to Use in Selenium IDE
Regular Expression in Selenium
Command Target Value
click link=regexp:Film.*Television Department
verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*
PATTERN MATCH
. any single character
[ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets
* quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)
+ quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)
? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)
{1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)
| alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right
( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier

Useful Tools for Selenium
• Useful tools for locating elements in Firefox
– Firebug (for locating element id, name)
– FirePath (for locating Xpath, CSS of an element)

• Tools are used with Selenium:
–Eclipse
–Cubic Test
–IntelliJ IDEA
–Python
–.Net
…

• Other programming languages are
available for Selenium:
Java: use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.
Some development environments like Eclipse have
direct support for these via plug-ins
C# : The .NET Client Driver works with
Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing
framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team
System.

• Other programming languages are
available for Selenium:
Python: Py-unit is the test framework to use for
Python
Ruby: Selenium-IDE generates reasonable
Ruby, but requires the old Selenium gem.

Exercise two
• Using IDE and necessary tools to record and locate element using
Xpath, DOM, CSS
• Login Yahoo Mail using this account logigearmail@yahoo.com / logigear1
• Verify user is login success
• Logout of Yahoo Mail
• Verify user is logout success

Introduction to OOP(*)(*)
in Java
What is an Object?
• An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior. Software
objects are often used to model the real-world objects that you find in
everyday life
(*) :
Object Oriented Programming
• Consider a bicycle, for example:
•Notes: For more information relate to Java statements, variables…please refer to
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/index.html
Method
(behavior)
Field
(state, property)

Introduction to OOP in Java
What is a Class ?
• A class is a blueprint or prototype
from which objects are created
• In object-oriented terms, we say
that your bicycle is an instance of
the class of objects known as
bicycles

What is Inheritance?
• Inheritance provides a powerful and natural mechanism for organizing
and structuring your software
• Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit commonly used
state and behavior from other classes

What is Interface?
• An interface is a contract between a class and the outside world. When
a class implements an interface, it promises to provide the behavior
published by that interface

What is Package?
• A package is a namespace for organizing classes and interfaces in a
logical manner. Placing your code into packages makes large software
projects easier to manage
Use Import to use package

Introduction to TestNG
• TestNG is a testing framework inspired from JUnit and NUnit but introducing
some new functionalities that make it more powerful and easier to use
• TestNG is designed to cover all categories of tests: unit, functional, end-to-
end, integration, etc...
• TestNG features:
– Annotations.
–Run your tests in arbitrarily big thread pools with various policies available (all methods in
their own thread, one thread per test class, etc...).
–Test that your code is multithread safe.
–Flexible test configuration.
–Support for data-driven testing (with @DataProvider).
– Support for parameters.
– Powerful execution model (no more TestSuite).
– Supported by a variety of tools and plug-ins (Eclipse, IDEA, Maven, etc...).
– Embeds BeanShell for further flexibility.
–Default JDK functions for runtime and logging (no dependencies).
–Dependent methods for application server testing.

Setup TestNG in Selenium
• Download and install eclipse
IDE from
http://www.eclipse.org/downloa
ds/
• Run eclipse, Go to Help/ Install
New Software…
• Install TestNG by copy this url
into Work with textbox
http://beust.com/eclipse
• Check TestNG
• Click Next and do as the
instructions

Setup TestNG in Selenium
• Go to http://seleniumhq.org/download/ and download Selenium RC
• Extract the downloaded file.

Create Project
• Open Eclipse, Go to
File/New/Project to create new
project
• In New Project windows, choose
Java/ Java Project and click Next

Create Project
• Enter project name
• Choose Java Runtime Environment and click Next

Create Project
• In the New Java Project, click Add External
JARs…
• Choose path to Selenium RC folder and add
selenium-java-client-driver.jar and selenium-
server.jar

Add TestNG Library
• To add TestNG Library, navigate to eclipse /plugins /
org.testng.eclipse_5.14.3.20101203_1327/ and choose
eclipse-testng.jar

Configuration Report output folder
• Go to Window/ Preferences
• Change Output directory :
/Reports
• Apply and click OK

Create Package
• Right click “src” folder
• choose New/ Package
• Type name of the package

Project structure
• Create all package as the following
template
• BatchFiles: contain test suite file
testng.xml
• Database: contain data file in excel
format
• Functions: Contain java class of some
common functions
• Interfaces:
• TestCases: Contain the test case
• TestCases.[name]: the sub folder of the
package, contain the test cases relating
to a module.

Run Configuration
• Go to Run/ Run Configuration…

Run Configuration
• Browse for file and run
with below choices:
• Class: Run a Java Class
that contain one or more
methods
• Method: Run a single test
method
• Groups: Run a group of
test method
• Package: Run a Package
of Class
• Suite: Run testng.xml
file(Test Suite)

Exercise 1
• Setup Eclipse and install TestNG
• Open Selenium IDE and record a simple google search test
• Convert code into TestNG
• Create a TestNG Project in Eclipse follow the framework
• Copy created code in Selenium IDE into TestNG File
• Edit and Run the test

Exercise 2
• Login Gmail using logigearmail@gmail.com / logigear1
• Check for text present
• Logout Gmail
• Login Yahoo Mail using logigearmail@yahoo.com / logigear1
• Check for text present
• Logout Yahoo Mail

Data-driven testing with
Selenium and TestNG
• Download java excel Api from the following link
http://sourceforge.net/projects/jexcelapi/files/jexcelapi/
• Extract and add file jxl.jar into TestNG Project Library

Selenium and TestNG
• Create a TestNG project in Eclipse follow the framework.
• We will start with a simple Login Yahoo using data provider

Selenium and TestNG
• Create a excel file for example data.xls using this format and name of the sheet is
datapool
testdata username password
kimlgr1@yahoo.com logigear
logigearmail@yahoo.com logigear1
testdata

Selenium and TestNG
• Use this code to read file
from excel file.
• Parameters
• xlFilePath: path to the
excel file, in the example
is “data.xls”
• sheetName: name of the
sheet, in the above
example is “datapool”
• tableName: name of the
data table, in the above
example is “testdata”

Selenium and TestNG
• Write a DataProvider name DP1 and call the getTableArray function,
pass the parameter
• Edit the LoginYahoo method to receive the table data
Name of the data provider
Table column name
Pass parameters

Exercise 3 – Data Driven Test
• Let’s take our simple first example, but this time, instead of
having a static search string, we are going to go to multiple
sites and verify that the site is what comes up
• So, in this example, we need to create a spreadsheet or data
for the IDE
• In the spreadsheet, we will create four sites, yahoo, google,
msn, and ask
• The test will go to each site and verify an attribute on the
page that identifies it as the site – for example, we might use
the window tag as verification that we have gone to Yahoo,
or we can use different verification methods to insure that we
are at the right site
• The test will then loop through each of the data elements, go
to the site and then verify through verification the site

Exercise 4
• In this exercise we are going to do a couple of things
• The exercise should be a simple test, another google search for
example, but this time we are going to add active timing and look
at javascript
• The active timing should have two examples, one sleep and one
dynamic wait
• We want to record the script and then go inside the code to add
the timing, in the first example, we use a static sleep and in the
second exercise, we add a dynamic sleep.
• I believe the method is called either click or clickAndwait method,
one waits, while the other goes on
• The select command and click commands are some of the basic
building blocks for IDE, and we need to show in this exercise how
to use these but more importantly, we want to give the tester a
view into the code that is being generated by the recorder
• http://seleniumhq.org/docs/03_selenium_ide.html#building-test-
cases

The End
Thank you for your attention!
If you have any question/concern/unclear/suggest, please
contact to us:
o Hieu Pham : hieu.pham@logigear.com
o Dung Huynh : dung.huynh@yahoo.com
o Tuan Tran : tuan.quoc.tran@logigear.com

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