Lightweight Materials in Transportation

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Lightweight Materials in Transportation
Published on February 2011

Report Summary

The total global consumption of lightweight materials used in transportation equipment was 46.7 million tons/$95.5 billion in 2010.
This market is expected to reach 67.7 million tons/$125.3 billion by 2015, increasing at a compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) of
7.7% in tonnage terms and 5.6% in value terms between 2010 and 2015.

Motor vehicles, particularly passenger cars and light trucks, make up by far the largest end-user segment. Global consumption in this
sector was 164 million tons in 2010 and is expected to increase at a 2% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach nearly 182
million tons in 2015.

Railway equipment's share of the total materials tonnage is projected to rise from 1.4% to 1.5%. Railway locomotives and rolling stock
materials consumption in 2010 was 2.6 million tons. This sector is expected to increase at a 2.9% compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) to reach 3 million tons by 2015.

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

Reducing structural weight is one of the most important ways of reducing fuel consumption and improving the performance of motor
vehicles and other types of transportation equipment. For example, an estimated 75% of the average motor vehicle's fuel
consumption is directly related to factors associated with vehicle weight

Less weight, consistent with other performance and safety requirements, means more useful work can be extracted from a unit of fuel
or other energy source. In addition, weight-reducing technologies are critical to the success of new, highly efficient energy
technologies such as hybrid vehicles.

Downsizing is one approach to reducing structural weight. However, practical considerations, safety standards, and consumer
preferences combine to limit the potential for reducing the weight of most transportation systems further through downsizing.

The alternative to downsizing is the development of materials that combine relatively low mass (weight) with the requisite strength,
flexibility, and other performance criteria. The aircraft industry was the first to introduce lightweight materials (e.g., aluminum alloys)
on a widespread scale beginning in the 1920s. This continues today with the adoption of lightweight composite materials.

Other industries, particularly the automotive industry, did not embrace lightweight materials as rapidly as the aircraft
industry. However, in the 1990s automakers doubled their use of aluminum in an effort to reduce vehicle weight to meet federal fuel
economy standards. While the Aluminum Association projects that automotive demand for aluminum should slow in the early 21st
century, automakers are now incorporating increasing amounts of composites in their products.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This report is an update of a BCC Research report first published in 2007. The overall goal of this report is to provide an up-to-date
assessment of the business opportunities for providers of lightweight materials that will arise over the next 5 years as these materials

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increase their penetration into various transportation markets. In support of this goal, specific objectives of the report include:

Identifying the lightweight materials with the greatest commercial potential in transportation applications over the next 5 years (2010 to
2015).
Estimating the potential global markets for these technologies.
Analyzing the technical, commercial, and other prerequisites of success in these markets.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

The report is intended especially for manufacturers and users of lightweight materials in the transportation equipment industry.
Although the report is structured around specific technologies, it is largely nontechnical in nature and concerned primarily with
markets, pricing, competition, and other marketing-related issues.

As such, the report's INTENDED AUDIENCE is mainly marketing executives, entrepreneurs, investors, venture capitalists, and other
readers with a need to know where the transportation market for lightweight materials is headed in the next 5 years. The report is not
written specifically for scientists and technologists, although its findings regarding the market for their work, including the availability of
government and corporate research funding for different technologies and applications, should interest them as well.

Others who should find the report informative include government agencies, environmental and public policy interest groups focusing
on transportation, energy conservation, the environment, and sustainable development in general.

SCOPE OF REPORT

The report is global in scope, focusing on the worldwide market for lightweight materials in transportation equipment, including motor
vehicles, aircraft, trains, and ships. Lightweight materials are defined broadly as materials that are used in the fabrication of
equipment primarily in order to minimize weight.

As the term is used in this report, transportation equipment includes all motorized vehicles or craft used to convey people, animals or
cargo between two points, except for vehicles/craft used exclusively for sports or recreation applications (e.g., glider aircraft and
sailboats). Sports and recreation vehicles and craft are excluded in part because they are the subject of another BCC report,
AVM053A ' Materials and Devices for High-Performance Sports Products. In this report, dual-purpose transportation equipment, such
as small airplanes, is analyzed along with vehicles and craft whose purpose is primarily commercial.

The report also does not cover motor vehicles, ships, and aircraft built for and used by the armed forces of the United States and
other nations.

The report includes the following major elements:

Executive summary.
Definitions.
Lightweight materials that are in commercial use or under development for transportation applications.
Lightweight materials and applications with the greatest commercial potential through 2015.
Global market trends by type of material and application, 2009 to 2015.
Factors that will influence the long-term development of the market.

INFORMATION SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY

The information sources and methodologies used to develop the market projections in this report are discussed at length in the
chapter Global Market for Lightweight Materials in Transportation Applications. In general, BCC used the following approach:



Identified commercial as well as promising developmental materials and their target markets through a literature review and interviews
with industry experts.
Estimated baseline (2009) market penetration ratio for each material and target market.
Developed forecasts of growth trends in each target market.
Analyzed technical, economic, and other factors that will influence the ability of different materials to compete for a share of their
respective market(s) and estimated future consumption of each material on this basis.

The report estimates the market for each technology in unit as well as cost terms. Average cost data were obtained from a variety of
sources, including industry publications, manufacturers' price lists, and contacts with industry sources. Where possible, BCC has
projected 2015 prices based on factors such as historical price trends, supply-demand relationships, and overall levels of production.

The report carefully documents data sources and assumptions. In this way, readers can see how the market estimates were
developed and, if they so desire, they can test the impact on the final numbers of changing assumptions such as price.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

Andrew McWilliams, the author of this report, is a partner in the Boston-based international technology and marketing consulting firm,
43rd Parallel, LLC. He is the author of numerous other Business Communications Co. business opportunity analyses, including the
previous edition of this report, as well as analyses of related markets such as EGY051A ' Petroleum Fuel Optimization Technologies;
AVM038C ' Advanced Structural Carbon Products: Fibers, Foams and Composites; AVM053A ' Materials and Devices for
High-Performance Sports Products; and NAN021D ' Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles, Nanoclays, and Nanotubes.

Table of Content

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
SCOPE OF REPORT 2
INFORMATON SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY 3
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS 4
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 5
DISCLAIMER 5

Chapter-2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN TRANSPORTATION, THROUGH 2015
(TONNAGE/VALUE) 6
SUMMARY FIGURE TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT, 2009-2015 (MILLION TONS/$ BILLIONS) 7

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW

DEFINITIONS 8
LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS 8
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT 8



IMPORTANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS 8
FUEL CONSUMPTION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR 9
FIGURE 1 TRANSPORTATION SECTOR SHARE OF GLOBAL LIQUID FUELS CONSUMPTION, 2007 AND 2035 (%) 9
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL FUEL CONSUMPTION BY TRANSPORT MODE, 2009 (%) 10
TRANSPORT SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GAS AND OTHER EMISSIONS 11
Greenhouse Gases 11
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL TRANSPORT SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS (%) 11
FIGURE 3 (CONTINUED) 12
Other Pollutants 12
ROLE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN REDUCING TRANSPORT ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS 12
TRADEOFFS 13
Safety Aspects of Lightweight Materials 13
Cost 14
FIGURE 4 COMPARATIVE COST/STRENGTH OF STEEL VERSUS LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS FOR VEHICLE PRIMARY
STRUCTURES, 2009 ($/LB AND GPA) 14
FIGURE 5 CFRP FABRICATION COSTS USING DIFFERENT FABRICATION METHODS ($/LB) 16
Durability/Reliability 17
Recyclability 18
Conservatism 19
END-USER SEGMENTS 20
TABLE 1 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, 2009 THROUGH 2015 (MILLION TONS) 20
FIGURE 6 TRENDS IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, 2005-2015 (TONS) 21
FIGURE 7 MAJOR END-USER SHARES OF TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, 2009 VERSUS 2015
(%) 22
MOTOR VEHICLES 23
Historical Production 23
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY TYPE, 2009 (%) 23
Future Production 24
TABLE 2 PROJECTED MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION UNITS) 24
FIGURE 9 FUTURE TRENDS IN PRODUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY TYPE, 2009-2015 (MILLION UNITS) 24
Vehicle Weight and Materials Use 25
FIGURE 10 AVERAGE VEHICLE WEIGHTS BY CLASS, 2009 (POUNDS) 25
FIGURE 11 TOTAL MOTOR VEHICLE MATERIAL USAGE, 2009-2015 (MILLION TONS) 26
RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK 26
Historical Production 27
TABLE 3 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK, 2009 (UNITS) 27
Future Shipments 27
TABLE 4 PROJECTED SHIPMENTS OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK, THROUGH 2015 (UNITS) 28
Weight and Materials Requirements 28
TABLE 5 AVERAGE WEIGHT OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK, 2009 (TONS PER UNIT) 28
FIGURE 12 TOTAL RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVE AND ROLLING STOCK MATERIAL USAGE, 2009-2015 (MILLION TONS) 29
SHIPS 29
Historical Deliveries 29
TABLE 6 WORLD SHIP DELIVERIES, THROUGH 2005 (MILLION TONS DELIVERED) 30
FIGURE 13 TRENDS IN WORLD SHIP DELIVERIES, 2004-2009 (MILLION GROSS TONS) 30
Future Deliveries 31
TABLE 7 WORLD SHIP DELIVERIES, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION GROSS TONS DELIVERED) 31
FIGURE 14 PROJECTED SHIP DELIVERIES, 2009-2015 (MILLION GROSS TONS) 32
Weight and Materials Use 32



FIGURE 15 STEELWEIGHT OF PROJECTED SHIP DELIVERIES, 2009-2015 (MILLION TONS) 33
AIRCRAFT 33
Historical Aircraft Deliveries 33
FIGURE 16 GLOBAL CIVIL AIRCRAFT DELIVERIES, 2009 (% OF TOTAL UNITS DELIVERED) 34
Future Deliveries 34
TABLE 8 GLOBAL DELIVERIES OF CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, THROUGH 2015 (UNITS) 35
FIGURE 17 TRENDS IN GLOBAL DELIVERIES OF CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2009-2015 (UNITS) 35
Weight and Materials Requirements 36
FIGURE 18 TOTAL CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT MATERIALS USAGE, 2009-2015 (TONS) 36
TABLE 9 CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT AVERAGE UNLOADED WEIGHT, BY TYPE OF AIRCRAFT, 2009 (POUNDS) 37

Chapter-4: LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS

OVERVIEW 38
METALS AND ALLOYS 38
High-Strength Steel 38
Description 38
Technologies 39
Carbon-Manganese Steel 39
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels 39
Advanced High-Strength Steels 40
Dual-Phase Steels 40
Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels 40
High Hole Expansion Steels 41
Complex Phase Steels 41
Martensitic Steels 41
End Users and Applications 41
TABLE 10 MAJOR END-USERS AND APPLICATIONS OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL 42
Motor Vehicles 42
Body Structures 42
Other Applications 43
Suspensions 43
Light Truck Structures 43
Rail Cars 43
Shipbuilding 44
Prices 44
FIGURE 19 TRENDS IN GLOBAL CARBON STEEL PRICES, 1995-2006 (APRIL 1994 = 100) 44
Manufacturers 45
TABLE 11 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF LIGHTWEIGHT STEEL FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 45
Aluminum 46
General Description 46
Types of Aluminum Alloys 46
TABLE 12 ALUMINUM ALLOY DESIGNATIONS 46
Types of ' (Continued) 47
Motor Vehicles 48
TABLE 13 AVERAGE LIGHT VEHICLE ALUMNUM CONTENT, BY REGION OF MANUFACTURE AND YEAR, 2002 THROUGH
2009 (POUNDS PER VEHICLE) 49
FIGURE 20 TRENDS IN AVERAGE LIGHT VEHICLE ALUMNUM CONTENT, BY REGION OF MANUFACTURE AND YEAR,
2002-2009 (POUNDS PER VEHICLE) 49



FIGURE 21 MAIN ALUMINUM APPLICATIONS IN PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, 2009 (POUNDS PER VEHICLE) 50
Railway Locomotives and Rolling Stock 51
Shipbuilding 51
Aircraft 52
Light Aircraft 52
Commercial Airliners and Transport Aircraft 53
Helicopters 54
Prices 54
FIGURE 22 ALUMINUM ALLOY PRICE TRENDS, 1995-2010 ($/SHORT TON) 55
Manufacturers 56
TABLE 14 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF ALUMINUM FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 56
Titanium 56
Description 57
Material Types 57
TABLE 15 TITANIUM ALLOYS COMMONLY USED IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS 58
Motor Vehicles 59
TABLE 16 TITANIUM APPLICATIONS IN MOTOR VEHICLES 59
Exhausts 59
Springs 60
Engine Valves 60
Shipbuilding 60
Aircraft 60
Prices 61
Manufacturers 62
TABLE 17 MAJOR SUPPLIERS OF TITANIUM AND TITANIUM PRODUCTS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 62
Magnesium 62
Description 62
Material Types 63
Motor Vehicles 63
Aircraft 64
Prices 64
FIGURE 23 TRENDS IN AVERAGE MAGNESIUM PRICES, 2009-2015 ($/TON) 64
Manufacturers 65
TABLE 18 MAJOR SUPPLIERS OF MAGNESIUM AND MAGNSEIUM PRODUCTS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 66
PLASTICS 66
Description 66
Material Types 67
Commonly Used Plastics 67
TABLE 19 COMMONLY USED PLASTICS IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 67
TABLE 19 (CONTINUED) 68
Polypropylene 68
Polyvinyl Chloride 69
Thermoplastic Olefins 69
Polycarbonate 69
Polyurethane 69
Polyethylene 70



Nylon 70
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene 71
Polyetheretherketone 71
Polyphenyl Sulfone 71
Polyetherimide 71
Motor Vehicles 72
TABLE 20 TYPICAL PLASTICS APPLICATIONS IN MOTOR VEHICLES 73
Aircraft 74
TABLE 21 TYPICAL PLASTICS APPLICATIONS IN AIRCFAFT 74
Other End Uses and Applications 74
Prices 74
TABLE 22 PRICES OF PLASTICS USED IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS (AVERAGE $/LB) 75
Manufacturers 76
TABLE 23 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF PLASTICS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 76
FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES 76
Description 76
Material Types 76
Thermoset Composites 77
Resin Systems 77
Polyester 77
TABLE 24 TYPICAL SMC/BMC FORMULATION 78
Epoxies 78
Reinforcements 78
Glass 79
Carbon 79
Thermoplastic Composites 80
Resin Systems 80
Reinforcements 80
Nanocomposites 81
Resin Systems 81
Fillers 81
Montmorillonite 81
Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes 82
Motor Vehicles 83
TABLE 25 TYPICAL COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS IN MOTOR VEHICLES 83
TABLE 26 AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OF NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS 84
Automotive Applications 84
Railway Equipment 85
Shipbuilding 86
Aircraft 86
Aircraft (Continued) 87
Prices 88
Manufacturers 88
TABLE 27 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 88
METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES 89
Description 89
Types of Materials 89
Aluminum Composites 90



Superalloy Composites 90
Titanium Composites 90
Motor Vehicles 91
TABLE 28 POTENTIAL AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OF MMCS 91
Railway Equipment 92
Aircraft 92
TABLE 29 POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL/GENERAL AVIATION APPLICATIONS OF MMCS 92
Manufacturers 93
TABLE 30 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 93
HYBRID MATERIALS 93
Description 93
Material Types 94
Plastic/Metal Hybrids 94
Fiber-Reinforced Metal Laminates 95
Motor Vehicles 95
Front Ends 96
Other Components 96
Aircraft 96
Manufacturers 97
TABLE 31 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF HYBRID MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 97

Chapter-5: PATENT ANALYSIS

OVERVIEW 98
PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS BY TYPE OF MATERIAL 98
FIGURE 24 U.S. PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH DEC. 2010, AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, RELATING TO LIGHTWEIGHT
MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE OF MATERIAL (PERCENTAGE OF ALL PATENTS) 98
PATENTS/PATENT APPLICATIONS BY TYPE OF TRANSPORT APPLICATION 100
FIGURE 25 U.S. PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH DECEMBER 2010 AND PATENT APPLICATIONS RELATING TO LIGHTWEIGHT
MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE OF APPLICATION (PERCENTAGE OF ALL PATENTS 100

Chapter-6: PUBLIC POLICY DIMENSIONS OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS

BACKGROUND 102
UNITED STATES 102
FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS 102
Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 103
National Energy Act of 1978 104
State and Local Legislation 104
SAFETY STANDARDS 104
EUROPEAN UNION 105
FISCAL POLICY 105
Motor Vehicle Fuel Taxes 105
Taxes on Jet Fuel 105
JAPAN 106



FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS 106
FUEL TAXES 107
OTHER COUNTRIES 107
CHINA 108
Fuel Economy Standards 108
Vehicle Safety Standards 108
INDIA 108

Chapter-7: GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

SUMMARY 109
OVERALL MARKET 109
FIGURE 26 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT,
2009-2015 (MILLION TONS/$ BILLIONS) 109
MARKET BY TYPE OF MATERIAL 110
TABLE 32 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, 2009 THROUGH
2015 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS) 110
FIGURE 27 GLOBAL LIGHTWEIGHT TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS MARKET SHARES BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, 2009- 2015
(PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TONS CONSUMED) 111
FIGURE 28 GLOBAL LIGHTWEIGHT TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS MARKET DOLLAR SHARES BY TYPE OF MATERIAL,
2009-2015 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL VALUE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED) 112
MARKET BY END-USER SEGMENT 113
TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT BY END-USER
SEGMENT, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS) 113
TABLE 34 GLOBAL LIGHTWEIGHT TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS MARKET SHARES BY END-USER SEGMENT, THROUGH
2015 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TONS/VALUE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED) 114
DETAILED MARKET ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS 114
MOTOR VEHICLES 114
Summary 114
TABLE 35 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN MOTOR VEHICLES, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION
TONS/$ MILLIONS) 115
FIGURE 29 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS TONNAGE SHARES OF MOTOR VEHICLE MARKET, 2009-2015 (PERCENTAGE OF
TOTAL TONS OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED) 116
FIGURE 30 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS DOLLAR SHARES OF MOTOR VEHICLE MARKET, 2009-2015 (PERCENTAGE OF
TOTAL TONS OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED) 117
Automobiles and Light Trucks 118
Consumption of Lightweight Materials, 2009 118
FIGURE 31 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN AUTOS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, 2009
(PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MATERIALS USED) 119
FIGURE 32 AUTOMOBILE AND LIGHT TRUCK CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS, 2009 (%) 120
TABLE 36 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED IN PRODUCTION OF PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, 2009
(MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS) 121
Aluminum 122
Titanium 122
Magnesium 122
Plastics 122



Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites 123
Metal Matrix Composites 123
Hybrid Materials 123
Market Drivers 123
Production of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks 124
TABLE 37 PROJECTED GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF PASSENGER CARS AND OTHER LIGHT VEHICLES, THROUGH 2015 124
FIGURE 33 TRENDS IN WORLDWIDE SHIPMENTS OF PASSENGER CARS AND OTHER LIGHT VEHICLES, 2009-2015
(MILLION UNITS) 124
Market Penetration 125
FIGURE 34 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN AUTOS AND LIGHT TRUCKS,
2009-2015 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS BY WEIGHT) 125
- Price Levels 126
FIGURE 35 PRICE TRENDS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN AUTOS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, 2009-2015 ($/TON) 127
Market Projections, 2009 to 2015 128
TABLE 38 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT TRUCKS,
THROUGH 2015 129
FIGURE 36 AUTOMOBILE AND LIGHT TRUCK CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS, 2015 (%) 131
Heavy Trucks 132
FIGURE 37 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN HEAVY TRUCKS, 2009 (PERCENT OF TOTAL
MATERIALS USED) 133
Market Drivers 134
Production of Heavy Trucks 134
TABLE 39 PROJECTED WEIGHT OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL USED IN HEAVY TRUCKS, 2009-2015 (MILLION TONS) 134
Lightweight Materials Market Penetration 134
Lightweight Materials Price Trends 135
TABLE 40 PROJECTED AVERAGE PRICE OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS USED IN HEAVY TRUCKS, 2009-2015 ($/TON) 135
TABLE 41 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN HEAVY TRUCKS, THROUGH 2015 136
Buses 136
FIGURE 38 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN BUSES, 2009 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
MATERIALS USED) 137
FIGURE 39 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE FABRICATION OF BUSES, 2009 (%) 138
TABLE 42 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF BUSES, 2009 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS) 139
Market Drivers 139
Bus Shipments 139
FIGURE 40 TRENDS IN WORLDWIDE SHIPMENTS OF BUSES AND RELATED MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, 2009-2015
(UNITS/MILLION TONS) 140
TABLE 43 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN BUSES, 2009-2015 (PERCENTAGE OF
TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT) 141
TABLE 44 PRICES OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF BUSES, 2009-2015 ($/TON) 141
Market Projections 142
TABLE 45 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN BUSES THROUGH 2015* 142
FIGURE 41 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE FABRICATION OF BUSES, 2015 (%) 143



RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK 144
FIGURE 42 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2009 (PERCENTAGE
OF TOTAL MATERIALS USED) 145
FIGURE 43 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE FABRICATION OF RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2009 (%) 146
TABLE 46 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2009 (TONS/$ MILLIONS) 147
Aluminum Alloy 147
Plastics 147
FRP Composites 148
Metal Matrix Composites 148
Market Drivers 148
Railway Car Shipments 149
FIGURE 44 TRENDS IN WORLDWIDE SHIPMENTS RAILWAY CARS, 2009-2015 (UNITS/TONS) 149
TABLE 47 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2009-2015
(PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT) 150
TABLE 48 PRICES OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2009-2015 ($/TON) 151
Market Projections 2009 Through 2015 151
TABLE 49 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS, THROUGH
2015 152
FIGURE 45 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE FABRICATION OF RAILWAY EQUIPMENT,
2015 (%) 153
SHIPBUILDING 154
FIGURE 46 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILIDNG, 2009
FIGURE 47 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING, 2009 (%) 156
TABLE 50 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF COMMERCIAL SHIPS, 2009 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)
157
Market Drivers 157
Ship Production 157
TABLE 51 PROJECTED WEIGHT OF MATERIAL USED IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING, 2015 (MILLION STEELWEIGHT TONS
DELIVERED) 157
TABLE 52 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING,
2009-2015 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT) 158
TABLE 53 PRICE TRENDS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILIDNG, 2009-2015 ($
MILLIONS/TON) 159
Market Projections, 2009 Through 2015 159
TABLE 54 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN SHIPBUILDING 2015 160
FIGURE 48 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING, 2015 (%) 161
COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT 162
FIGURE 49 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2009
FIGURE 50 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2009 (%) 164



TABLE 55 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2009 (MILLION
TONS/$ MILLIONS) 165
Consumption of ' (Continued) 166
Market Drivers 167
Production of Civilian Aircraft 167
TABLE 56 PROJECTED WEIGHT OF MATERIAL USED IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2009-2015 (TONS) 167
TABLE 57 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN
AIRCRAFT, 2009-2015 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT) 168
TABLE 58 PRICES OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2009-2015 ($/TON) 169
Projected Market through 2015 169
TABLE 59 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT,
THROUGH 2015 169
FIGURE 51 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2015 (%)
171

Chapter-8: COMPANY PROFILES

3M COMPANY 173
ADVANCED MAGNESIUM ALLOYS CORP 173
AEROSPACE METAL COMPOSITES 173
AKZO NOBEL N.V. 174
ALCOA INC. 174
ARVIN MERITOR, INC. 174
AZDEL, INC. 175
BASF SE 175
BAYER MATERIAL SCIENCE AG 176
CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC. 176
DOW CHEMICAL CO. 176
E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY 177
DWA ALUMINUM COMPOSITES 177
EXATEC LLC 177
FREIGHTCAR AMERICA 178
HEXCEL CORP. 179
HOLLAND COMPANY 179
LANXESS AG 179
LYONDELLBASELL INDUSTRIES 180
MAGNESIUM ELEKTRON 180
MARTIN MARIETTA COMPOSITES 181
MESSIER-DOWTY 181
METAL MATRIX CAST COMPOSITES LLC 181
MX COMPOSITES AB 182
NOBLE POLYMERS 182
POLYONE CORP. 182
RAYMOR INDUSTRIES INC. 183
RENTON COIL SPRING CO. 184



RHODIA SA 184
SABIC INNOVATIVE PLASTICS 184
SIEMENS AG 185
SOLVAY SA 185
TECHNICAL POLYMERS TICONA 185
TITANIUM METALS CORPORATION 186
UBE INDUSTRIES, LTD. 186
U.S. STEEL CORP. 187
VERKHNAYA SALDA METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION ASSOCATION 187
VICTREX PLC 188



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Lightweight Materials in Transportation

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1 User License--USD 4 850.00 Quantity: _____

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RIB : 10278 07314 00020257701 89
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16 rue Grenette – 69002 LYON, FRANCE

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Lightweight Materials in Transportation

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