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OPENFLOW BASED
SWITCHING
An OpenFlow Tutorial Series – Set 1
@author Radhika Hirannaiah
Version 1.0
August 2013
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Traditional Switch Components
Control Plane
Data Plane
Packet In Packet Out
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
MAC Address Table
MAC
Address
Port VLAN
ID
0x0A 2 3
0x0B 5 22
0x0C 9 7
CPURoute
Cache
OpenFlow
•  Technically, OpenFlow is a wire protocol for
communication between a Control and Data Plane
•  OpenFlow based technology also implies that Control and
Data planes don’t have to be on the same hardware –
they just have to be IP visible to each other.
•  Control Plane software is referred to as “Controller”
•  Data Plane software is referred to as “OpenFlow
Datapath” or “OpenFlow Switch”
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
OpenFlow: Control/Data Plane
Separation
Controller
OpenFlow
Switch
(or Data Path)
Packet In Packet Out
Control Plane
Data or
Forwarding
Plane
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Advantages of Open Flow
•  Controller controls how packets are forwarded
•  Make deployed networks programmable not just
configurable
•  Advocates a separation of the data and control palne for
the flow network.
•  Allows for programming of “flows” (traffic type) rather than
just source/destination MAC/IP
•  Allows for switching at different network layers to be
combined.
•  Allows granularity and layering to be at the discretion of
the owner/operator and suited to the user/application.
•  Not limited by the platform or be enforced by the
protocols.
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
OpenFlow Switch Components
Controller
OpenFlow Data Path
Packet In
Packet Out
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Group
Table
Flow
Table
Flow
Table
OpenFlow
Channel
Packet Processing
Controller
OpenFlow Data Path
Packet In Packet Out
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Group
Table
OpenFlow
Channel
OpenFlow’s Flow Identification Fields
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Considered by OpenFlow Match fields – for
Ethernet traffic
Considered by OpenFlow Match fields – for IP Traffic
Wildcard
Wildcard
Main components of Flow table entry
• Match Criteria
1.  Layer 1/2
1.  Ingress Port
2.  Ethernet Source
3.  Ethernet Destination
4.  VLAN ID
5.  VLAN Priority
6.  MPLS Label
2.  Layer 3
1.  IP Source
2.  IP Destination
• Instructions
1.  Go To Table
2.  Metadata
3.  Action Set
1.  Forward
2.  Apply QoS
3.  Drop
4.  Apply to Group
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Match Fields Priority Counters Instructions Timeouts Cookie
Packet Flow thro’ Processing Pipeline
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Packet Processing in a OpenFlow Switch
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Example of flow forwarding in an
OpenFlow Switch
OpenFlow Data Path
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Group
Table
Flow
Table
Flow
Table
OpenFlow
Channel
X
Y
Host A
Host B
Flow Table
Match Action
Src Port X Fwd to port Y
Src Port Y Fwd to port X
Example of Packet Processing Table 0
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Match Fields Priority Counters Instructions Timeouts Cookie
Ingress Port +
Metadata +
Pkt headers
99 Goto Table 2
… 10 Out Port X
… 50 Goto Group
ID 5
… 1 Goto Group
ID 15
… 76 Drop Packet
Components of Group Table
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
Group
Identifier
Group Type Counters Action Buckets
5 Out port x,y
15 Out port a
6 Group ID 5
7 Out port m, Group ID 15
9 Drop Packet
•  Group Type – All, Select, Indirect, Fast Failover
•  Counters – Updated when packets are matched
Packet Processing w/ Group Table
Controller
OpenFlow Data Path
Packet In Packet Out
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
OpenFlow
Channel
GROUP TABLE
Group
Identifier
Group
Type
Counters Action Buckets
5 Out port x,y
6 Group ID 5
7 Out port m,
Group ID 5
9 Drop Packet
Contact
Questions, Comments, Suggestions, use my Gmail ID:
radhikamh
www.linkedin.com/in/radhikahirannaiah
© 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah

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Open Flow Tutorial Series - Set 1

  • 1. OPENFLOW BASED SWITCHING An OpenFlow Tutorial Series – Set 1 @author Radhika Hirannaiah Version 1.0 August 2013 © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
  • 2. Traditional Switch Components Control Plane Data Plane Packet In Packet Out © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah MAC Address Table MAC Address Port VLAN ID 0x0A 2 3 0x0B 5 22 0x0C 9 7 CPURoute Cache
  • 3. OpenFlow •  Technically, OpenFlow is a wire protocol for communication between a Control and Data Plane •  OpenFlow based technology also implies that Control and Data planes don’t have to be on the same hardware – they just have to be IP visible to each other. •  Control Plane software is referred to as “Controller” •  Data Plane software is referred to as “OpenFlow Datapath” or “OpenFlow Switch” © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
  • 4. OpenFlow: Control/Data Plane Separation Controller OpenFlow Switch (or Data Path) Packet In Packet Out Control Plane Data or Forwarding Plane © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
  • 5. Advantages of Open Flow •  Controller controls how packets are forwarded •  Make deployed networks programmable not just configurable •  Advocates a separation of the data and control palne for the flow network. •  Allows for programming of “flows” (traffic type) rather than just source/destination MAC/IP •  Allows for switching at different network layers to be combined. •  Allows granularity and layering to be at the discretion of the owner/operator and suited to the user/application. •  Not limited by the platform or be enforced by the protocols. © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
  • 6. OpenFlow Switch Components Controller OpenFlow Data Path Packet In Packet Out © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah Group Table Flow Table Flow Table OpenFlow Channel
  • 7. Packet Processing Controller OpenFlow Data Path Packet In Packet Out © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah Group Table OpenFlow Channel
  • 8. OpenFlow’s Flow Identification Fields © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah Considered by OpenFlow Match fields – for Ethernet traffic Considered by OpenFlow Match fields – for IP Traffic Wildcard Wildcard
  • 9. Main components of Flow table entry • Match Criteria 1.  Layer 1/2 1.  Ingress Port 2.  Ethernet Source 3.  Ethernet Destination 4.  VLAN ID 5.  VLAN Priority 6.  MPLS Label 2.  Layer 3 1.  IP Source 2.  IP Destination • Instructions 1.  Go To Table 2.  Metadata 3.  Action Set 1.  Forward 2.  Apply QoS 3.  Drop 4.  Apply to Group © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah Match Fields Priority Counters Instructions Timeouts Cookie
  • 10. Packet Flow thro’ Processing Pipeline © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
  • 11. Packet Processing in a OpenFlow Switch © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah
  • 12. Example of flow forwarding in an OpenFlow Switch OpenFlow Data Path © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah Group Table Flow Table Flow Table OpenFlow Channel X Y Host A Host B Flow Table Match Action Src Port X Fwd to port Y Src Port Y Fwd to port X
  • 13. Example of Packet Processing Table 0 © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah Match Fields Priority Counters Instructions Timeouts Cookie Ingress Port + Metadata + Pkt headers 99 Goto Table 2 … 10 Out Port X … 50 Goto Group ID 5 … 1 Goto Group ID 15 … 76 Drop Packet
  • 14. Components of Group Table © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah Group Identifier Group Type Counters Action Buckets 5 Out port x,y 15 Out port a 6 Group ID 5 7 Out port m, Group ID 15 9 Drop Packet •  Group Type – All, Select, Indirect, Fast Failover •  Counters – Updated when packets are matched
  • 15. Packet Processing w/ Group Table Controller OpenFlow Data Path Packet In Packet Out © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah OpenFlow Channel GROUP TABLE Group Identifier Group Type Counters Action Buckets 5 Out port x,y 6 Group ID 5 7 Out port m, Group ID 5 9 Drop Packet
  • 16. Contact Questions, Comments, Suggestions, use my Gmail ID: radhikamh www.linkedin.com/in/radhikahirannaiah © 2013 Radhika Hirannaiah