1. {
Pediatrics
The branch of medicine dealing with children
and their diseases.
By: Rabia Mohamed Ali

2.  A pediatrician is concerned with the
physical, emotional, and social health of
children from birth to young adulthood.
Care encompasses a broad spectrum of
health services ranging from preventive
health care to the diagnosis and
treatment of acute and chronic diseases.
The pediatrician deals with
biological, social, and environmental
influences on the developing child, and
with the impact of disease and
dysfunction on development.
Nature of Work

3. Anatomical/Physiological Differences
between Children and Adults
• As a result, children are
more susceptible to the
effects of radiation than
adults.
• Higher HR and RR-
Children have higher
respiratory rates than
adults. Higher respirator
rates lead to
proportionately higher
minute volumes.
• Immature blood brain
barrier- Children have
immature blood-brain
barriers and enhanced
central nervous system
(CNS) receptivity.
• Immature immune
systems- Greater risk of
infection; less hard
immunity from some
infections.
• Larger BSA- Children have a
proportionately larger body
surface area (BSA) than adults do.
The smaller the patient, the
greater the ratio of surface area
(skin) to size.
• Thinner skin- Children have
thinner skin than adults. Their
epidermis is thinner and under-
keratinized, compared with
adults.
• Rapidly dividing cells- Children's
cells divide more rapidly than
adults to assist in their rapid rate
of growth
• Higher metabolic rate- More
susceptible to contaminants in
food or water; greater risk for
increased loss of water and when
ill or stressed. Medication doses
must be carefully calculated based
on the child's weight and body
size.

4. Common Childhood Diseases
Chickenpox:
Red, quite itchy, spots or
blisters are typically scattered
over the entire body, spreading
to the arms, legs and face.
Whooping Cough:
bacterial infection affecting the
respiratory system, caused by
the bacterium Bordetella
pertussis.
'Fifth' disease (erythema
infectiosum):
The condition is due to infection
with Parvovirus B19. The child
will sometimes initially develop
mild flu-like symptoms.
All will eventually have red
specks, firstly on the cheeks, and
later spreading to involve the
arms, thighs and buttocks.
Three-day-fever (roseola
infantum):A child with three day
fever has high fever for three
days. The fever then drops and
the child develops a rash
consisting of pale, reddish
spots, perhaps with small heads.
It affects the body and spreads to
the arms and legs, lasting for
about 12-14 hours. Then its over.
It is mostly seen in children
under the age of three years.
Hand, foot and mouth disease:
This condition can be due to a
number of different enter
viruses, causing the child to
develop a large number of small
spots and blisters, particularly
in the mouth and on the feet and
hands. The disease can cause a
fever of up to 39ºC for a few
days.

5. Statistics for Children with Asthma
 Asthma is one of the most common chronic
disorders in childhood, currently affecting an
estimated 7.1 million children under 18 years; of
which 4.1 million suffered from an asthma
attack or episode in 2011.
 Asthma is the third leading cause of
hospitalization among children under the age of
15.
 Asthma is one of the leading causes of school
absences.
 In 2009, there were approximately 774,000
emergency room visits were due to asthma in
those under 15.
 An estimated 400,000 to one million children

6. Indication of Normal Growth Rate
 A child's growth and development can
be divided into four periods:
 Infancy
 Preschool years
 Middle childhood years
 Adolescence
 Immediately after birth, an infant
normally loses about 5 - 10% of his or her
birth weight. However, by about age 2
weeks, an infant should start to gain
weight and grow quickly.
 By age 4 - 6 months, an infant's weight
should be double the birth weight.
During the second half of the first year of
life, growth is not as rapid. Between ages
1 and 2, a toddler will gain only about 5
pounds. Weight gain will remain at
about 5 pounds per year between ages 2 -
5.
 Between ages 2 - 10 years, a child will
continue to grow at a steady pace. A final
growth spurt begins at the start of
puberty, sometime between ages 9 and
15.
 Generally, a healthy child will follow an
individual growth curve, even though
the nutrient intake may be different for
each child. Parents and caregivers should
provide a diet that is appropriate for
their child's age. They should offer a
wide variety of foods to ensure their
child is getting enough nutrition.

7. 7 Reasons why doctors get sued
 Failure to diagnose or a delay in diagnosis.
 Negligent maternity care practice.
 Negligent fracture or trauma care.
 Failure to consult in a timely manner.
 . Negligent drug treatment.
 Negligent procedures.
 Failure to obtain informed consent
Law

8.  Concentrate on taking advanced work in whatever you are interested in and
exploring different areas of study in high school.
 Select a major you like
 Maintain good grades if you select a regular four year college and take your
MCAT.
 Go to medical school for four years
 Apply for internship/residency programs in pediatrics through the national
matching service during your third year of medical school.
 Complete your internship and residency. In the U.S., this takes three years: one of
internship followed by two of residency.
 Take the board exam in pediatrics.
Steps for Becoming a Pediatrician

9.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLlMkBjHMKI
Video

10. Interactive Component
http://quizlet.com/23603389/pediatrics-flash-cards/
Objective: Students will review the information
provided on this presentation. Then they will go
to the link provided below and test themselves
on how well they have learned the information.
* I have made a Quizlet account and made
some flash cards that pertain to this
presentation for the interactive component of
the presentation.