6. Marcia: Identity Statuses Chart Achievement Commitment Yes No Crisis Yes No Moratorium Foreclosure Diffusion
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10. Piaget: Stages of Cognitive Development Able to deal with abstractions, form hypotheses, solve problems systematically, engage in mental manipulations. 11 years and older Formal operational Capable of operations, but solves problems by generalizing from concrete experiences. 7 to 11 years Concrete Operational Gradually acquires ability to conserve and decenter, but not capable of operations. 2 to 7 years Preoperational Develops schemes primarily through sense and motor activities. Recognizes performance of objects not seen. Birth to 2 years Sensorimotor Characteristics Age Range Stage
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14. Comparison of Piaget and Vygotsky Instruction important zone of proximal development (ZPD) Formal instruction does not have significant impact Role of Instrucation More strongly influenced by those more intellectually advanced More strongly influenced by peers Role of Social Interaction Vygotsky Piaget
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