1. Post-Soviet Ukraine
April 11, 2007

2. I
In 2004, Ukraine reached a critical juncture
on its path to democratic consolidation.
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3. I
Ukraine turned away from the autocratic path
of Russia with its Orange Revolution.
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4. I
How did Ukraine overcome its problems to
move gingerly towards democracy?
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5. We can examine Ukraine from the three
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"treatments" and theories of
democratization.
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6. I
Ukraine had a lot of help from the outside and
a division between East and West.
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7. In the beginning, Ukraine's post-Soviet
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political development closely followed
Russia's.
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8. ‣ Ukraine's second president, Leonid
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Kuchma, was a cross between Yeltsin and
Putin.
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9. I
‣‣ He was a former factory manger, closely
connected with Ukraine's own oligarchs.
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10. I
‣‣ During his time in office, being a
journalist in Ukraine was very deadly.
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11. ‣‣ Kuchma utilized "administrative
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resources" to solidify his power and
support.
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12. ‣ Under Kuchma, it seemed Ukraine lacked
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the norms and culture to make democracy
work.
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13. I
‣‣ The media was heavily biased against the
political opposition.
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14. I
‣‣ Political opposition was harassed and
rumors were used to suppress support.
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15. I
‣‣ Parliament was controlled by pro-Kuchma
parties backed by the oligarchs.
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16. I
‣ Kuchma attempted to manipulate the 2004
election in favor of his chosen successor.
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17. ‣‣ Viktor Yanukovych beat Viktor
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Yushchenko in a second-round runoff in
Nov 2004.
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18. I
‣‣ The validity of the second-round election
results were challenged.
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19. I
‣‣ The subsequent overturning of those
results is called the Orange Revolution.
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20. I
The Orange Revolution was a break from
Ukraine’s past.
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21. I
‣ There are several key decisions that make
the Orange Revolution a critical juncture.
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22. I
‣‣ Yushchenko's supporters choose to
peacefully protest the rigged election.
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23. I
‣‣ Ukraine's Supreme Court choose to hear
the fraud case and rule against Kuchma.
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24. I
‣‣ Kuchma choose to support the findings of
the Supreme Court.
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25. I
‣ One reason these choices were possible
was the divide between East and West.
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26. I
‣‣ Eastern Ukraine leans towards Russia.
Western Ukraine leans towards Europe.
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27. I
‣‣ Yanukovych's fraudulent victory was seen
as a sign of Russian interference.
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28. I
‣‣ Westerners did not want to see their
political victory stolen by the Russians.
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29. I
‣ The other major reason these choices were
possible was the influence of the West.
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30. I
‣‣ The protesters were helped by foreign
NGOs who helped them organize.
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31. I
‣‣ The Supreme Court was counseled on
elections by legal experts from the U.S.
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32. I
‣‣ The obvious fraud cut off any legitimacy
Kuchma might have had if he denied it.
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33. I
The Orange Revolution was possible because
a small group of people had efficacy.
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34. I
How did Ukraine overcome its problems to
move gingerly towards democracy?
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35. I
By the finding an issue that demanded their
attention and getting help from the outside.
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36. I
In the short-term, Ukraine made a sudden
and unexpected turn towards democracy.
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37. I
In the long-term, the success of the Orange
Revolution is still being evaluated.
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