1. Autonomy and student-centered learning Phil Benson Hong Kong Institute of Education

4. Sources for autonomy in language teaching and learning Autonomy in language learning Personal autonomy Freedom in learning Self-directed learning Focus on learner Constructivism Political philosophy Educational reform Adult education Language learning Psychology of learning

6. What is autonomy? Abilities, attitudes, predispositions, etc. A capacity that learners possess or acquire Student power, learner control, learner’s rights. The right to control one’s own learning Self-directed learning, planning, decision-making,etc. Learners’ responsibility Autonomous ‘events’ and ‘episodes’ Learners’ independent actions Self-instruction, use of learning strategies, etc. Methods of learning Autonomous classrooms, learning schemes, etc Teaching situations Learning without a teacher or on your own Learning situations

9. What is a ‘capacity’? AUTONOMY Ability Freedom Desire

11. Controlling what? AUTONOMY Learning management Learning content Cognitive processes

18. Arguments for autonomy AUTONOMY Economic Ideological Psychological