1. NRA FIRST Steps Pistol
Prime Development Inc
Safety and Firearms Education
Welcome!
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 1
05/17/12
2. Preliminaries
Introductions
Registration
Orientation Goal:
To provide beginning shooters with an
introduction to the knowledge, skills, and
attitude necessary to own and use a
specific pistol model safely.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 2
05/17/12
3. Preliminaries
Facilities.
Do you have any firearms with you?
Do you have any live ammunition with
you?
Handbooks, brochures and other
materials.
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4. Schedule
10am Lesson I
11am Lesson II
Noon Lesson III
1:30pm Lesson IV
Even asking questions, done by 2pm
Ten minute break between lessons if
we have the time.
Shooting portion is in Lesson III
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 4
05/17/12
5. NRA FIRST Steps Pistol
Prime Development Inc
Safety and Firearms Education
Lesson I
Introduction to Pistol Safety,
Parts and Operation
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 5
05/17/12
6. Lesson I: Pistol Safety, Parts,
and Operation
As a result of this lesson, you will be
able to:
– State the goal of the NRA FIRST Steps
Pistol Orientation.
– Name the three fundamental NRA rules of
safe gun handling and demonstrate them
with a specific pistol model.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 6
05/17/12
7. Lesson I: Pistol Safety, Parts,
and Operation, cont.
As a result of this lesson, you will also
be able to:
– Name the three major components of a
pistol and describe their functions.
– Safely demonstrate loading and unloading
procedures for a specific pistol model with
training ammunition.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 7
05/17/12
8. Pistol Safety
What do you think is our primary
concern when handling firearms?
Safety is always the primary
concern when handling
firearms.
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9. Pistol Safety, cont.
What do you think are the major
causes of gun accidents?
IGNORANCE
CARELESSNESS
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10. Pistol Safety, cont.
NRA Rules of Safe Gun Handling
(the blue brochure, first fold-out)
Please read the rules aloud…
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11. #1: ALWAYS keep the gun
pointed in a safe direction
What do you think is meant by a “safe
direction”?
Term: safe direction
Term: muzzle
If the gun were to discharge, it
would not cause injury or
damage.
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12. #2: ALWAYS keep your finger
off the trigger until ready to
shoot
If your finger is kept off the trigger,
where should it be?
Term: trigger
Term: trigger guard
Term: frame
The finger should rest outside
the trigger guard or along the
side of the gun (on the frame).
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13. #3: Always keep the gun
unloaded until ready to use
How do you know whether or not a gun
is unloaded?
Term: magazine
Term: action
Term: chamber
Check that a gun is unloaded
by removing the magazine,
opening the action, and
inspecting the chamber.
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14. Safe Pistol Handling
Practical Exercise
How do you hand a firearm to another
person?
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15. Pistol Parts: Major Components
Turn to Page 1 of the handbook.
Term: frame
– Backbone of the pistol to which the other parts
are attached
Term: barrel
– Metal tube through which the bullet passes on the
way to the target
Term: action
– Group of moving parts used to load, fire, and
unload the pistol
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16. Revolver: Frame Parts
Grip panels
Backstrap
Trigger guard
Rear sight
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17. Revolver: Barrel Parts
Bore
Rifling (Handbook Page 2)
Muzzle
Front sight
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18. Revolver: Action Parts
Trigger
Hammer
Cylinder
Chamber
Cylinder release latch
Loading Gate (on single actions)
Ejector
Ejector rod
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19. Semi-Automatic: Frame Parts
(Manual) safety
Slide stop (sometimes “slide lock”)
Decocking lever
Grip panels
Backstrap (with tang at the top)
Trigger guard
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20. Semi-Automatic: Barrel Parts
Bore
Chamber
Rifling (Handbook Page 2)
Muzzle
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21. Semi-Automatic: Action Parts
Hammer
Slide
– Front Sight
– Rear Sight
– Ejection port
Magazine (in the magazine well)
Magazine release
Trigger
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22. Pistol Parts Review
What are all the parts on the frame of
your gun?
What are all the parts on the barrel of
your gun?
What are all the parts on the action of
your gun?
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23. Pistol Operation
Besides “firing,” there are four basic
operations of most pistols:
– Loading
– Cocking
– Uncocking
– Unloading
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 23
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24. Revolver Loading
Keep the gun in a safe direction, with
your finger off the trigger…
Load cartridges into the cylinder, with
the muzzle downward.
Close the cylinder (or loading gate on
single actions).
Turn the cylinder to index it, if it is not
locked.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 24
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25. Semi-Automatic Loading
Keep the gun in a safe direction, with
your finger off the trigger…
Load cartridges into the magazine.
Firmly insert the magazine into the
magazine well.
Cycle the slide to chamber a cartridge.
– Pull the slide to the rear.
– Release the slide, don’t “ride” it forward.
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26. Pistol Cocking
Keep the gun in a safe direction, with
your finger off the trigger…
Place the hammer under spring
tension to prepare it to fire
Semi-automatics: cycling the slide may
cock the hammer
Decockers must be disengaged to
cock the hammer
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 26
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27. Pistol Decocking
Keep the gun in a safe direction, with
your finger off the trigger…
Relax the hammer’s spring tension so
it is not in a position to fire the gun.
Term: trigger bar (revolver)
Term: decocker (semi-automatic)
Some guns should not or cannot be
decocked.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 27
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28. Revolver Unloading
Keep the gun in a safe direction, with
your finger off the trigger…
Release the cylinder and swing it out.
Turn the gun so the chamber mouths
are facing downward.
Briskly operate the ejector rod.
Check by sight and feel that all
chambers are empty.
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29. Semi-Automatic Unloading
Keep the gun in a safe direction, with
your finger off the trigger…
Press the magazine release, and
remove the magazine.
Cycle the slide.
Lock the slide open.
Check by sight and feel that the
chamber is empty.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 29
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30. Pistol Operation Practical
Exercise
What are the three rules of safe gun
handling?
Demonstrate the correct loading,
cocking, uncocking, and unloading
procedures for your pistol.
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31. Lesson I Summary
What is the goal of the FIRST Steps
Pistol Orientation?
What are the NRA’s three rules for
safe gun handling?
What are the three major components
of a pistol and what are their functions?
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32. Lesson I Summary
How do you load and unload your
pistol?
What are your questions?
Take a break until 11am! We’ll
continue with more lecture on
ammunition and the fundamentals of
pistol shooting.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 32
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33. Prime Development Inc
Safety and Firearms
NRA FIRST Steps Pistol
Education
Lesson II
Introduction to Ammunition
and the Fundamentals
of Pistol Shooting
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 33
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34. Lesson II: Ammunition
As a result of the first part of this
lesson, you will be able to:
– Identify the three items you need to check
to determine the proper ammunition for
your pistol.
– Identify the three major types of cartridge
malfunctions, and how to respond to
them.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 34
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35. Lesson II: Fundamentals of
Pistol Shooting
As a result of the second part of this
lesson, you will also be able to:
– Determine your dominant eye.
– Explain the six fundamentals of pistol
shooting.
– Demonstrate the six fundamentals from
the benchrest position.
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36. Pistol Ammunition
In the blue brochure, read the rule:
“Use only the correct ammunition for
your gun.”
How do you know what type of
ammunition should be used for a
particular gun?
– Most firearms have the ammunition type
stamped on the gun itself (often on the
barrel).
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 36
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37. Pistol Ammunition, cont.
How do you know whether the
ammunition you have is the correct
type for your gun?
– Ammunition type is identified on the box
and sometimes on the base of the
cartridge as well.
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38. Pistol Ammunition, cont.
What three items should be checked to
be sure that you are using the correct
ammunition for your gun?
– The barrel of the gun
– The box of ammunition
– The base of the cartridge
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39. Pistol Ammunition, cont.
Be aware that certain ammunition with
different designations may be
compatible with certain guns.
.357 Magnum and .38 Special
9mm Parabellum, 9mm Luger, 9x19
Refer to your owner’s manual!
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 39
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40. Cartridge Malfunctions
Term: misfire
– A failure of the cartridge to fire after the
primer has been struck by the firing pin.
Term: hangfire
– A perceptible delay in the ignition of a
cartridge after the primer has been struck
by the firing pin.
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41. Cartridge Malfunctions, cont.
If the cartridge fails to fire immediately,
what should you do?
– You don’t know if it’s a hangfire or a
misfire:
Keep the gun pointed in a safe direction;
Wait 30 seconds;
Then unload safely.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 41
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42. Cartridge Malfunctions, cont.
Term: squib load
– Development of less than normal pressure
or velocity after ignition of the cartridge.
What may indicate that a squib load
may have been fired?
– Unusual recoil or noise.
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43. Cartridge Malfunctions, cont.
What action should be taken if a squib
load is suspected?
– Stop firing immediately.
– Keep the gun pointed in a safe direction,
and your finger off the trigger.
– Unload the gun.
– Determine if a bullet is lodged in the barrel
with a cleaning rod.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 43
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44. Determining the Dominant Eye
Each individual has a dominant eye,
which should be used to aim the pistol.
How many participants are cross-
dominant?
Try to use your dominant eye, but in
general use the hand and eye that’s
most comfortable.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 44
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45. Fundamentals of Pistol
Shooting
What does the word “fundamental”
mean?
– Basic
– Essential
Fundamentals are the essential
elements of performing a skill.
In the case of shooting, the skill is
“firing a shot.”
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46. Fundamentals of Pistol
Shooting, cont.
In brief, the fundamentals of pistol
shooting are:
– Position
– Grip
– Breath Control
– Sight Alignment
– Trigger Control
– Follow-Through
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 46
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47. Position
What do we mean by “position?”
– Position refers to the way you hold your
body when firing a shot
We will cover two positions in this
course:
– Two-handed standing position
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48. Position, cont.
A position should be comfortable,
balanced, relaxed, and properly
aligned with the target.
– Sit behind the bench or table facing the
target.
– Both arms extended fully in front.
– Wrists are supports by sandbags.
– The head is erect.
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49. Grip
What do we mean by “grip?”
– The grip is the manner by which the pistol
is grasped and held.
Keeping the gun pointed in a safe
direction, and finger off the trigger, use
the non-shooting hand to place the
pistol in the shooting hand.
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50. Grip, cont.
Fit the web of the hand as high as
possible on the backstrap or tang.
Align the gun with the wrist and
forearm.
Grip the pistol with the base of the
thumb and lower three fingers of the
shooting hand.
Pressure of the grip is directed straight
towards the rear.
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51. Grip, cont.
Hold the pistol firmly, but without
undue shaking.
Always keep your finger off the trigger
until ready to shoot. The finger should
lie along the side of the frame.
The thumb should lie along the other
side of the frame, not behind the slide
of the gun.
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52. Grip, cont.
Place the heel of the non-shooting
hand against the heel of the shooting
hand.
Firmly wrap the fingers of the non-
shooting hand around the fingers of
the shooting hand.
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53. Grip, cont.
You should grip the pistol the same
way each time you hold the pistol.
Your grip on the pistol should not
change as you fire the shot.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 53
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54. Breath Control
Why do you think breath control is important
in shooting?
– In order to minimize body movement while
shooting, the breath cycle must be interrupted.
Before each shot, take a breath, and let it
halfway out so you are comfortable.
Generally the breath should be held no more
than six to eight seconds. Rest if you get
tired!
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 54
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55. Sight Alignment
What two parts of the gun are used for
aiming?
– The front and rear sights.
The top of the front sight should be even
with the top of the rear sight.
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56. Sight Alignment
There should be an equal amount of
space around the front sight post in the
notch of the rear sight.
The eye can only focus on one distance
at a time. It cannot keep the front sight,
rear sight, and the target in focus
simultaneously.
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57. Sight Alignment, cont.
The shooter must focus on the front
sight.
– The front sight should be sharp and clear.
– The rear sight and the target should be
blurred.
Sight picture is obtained by achieving
proper sight alignment and then putting
those aligned sights into the proper
relationship with the target.
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58. Sight Alignment, cont.
There will always be some movement
of the aligned sights relative to the
target.
Movement can be minimized but not
eliminated.
Misalignment of the sights introduces
error that increases at distance.
Try to keep both eyes open when
shooting.
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59. Sight Alignment, cont.
Sight adjustments can be made on
some guns. Move the rear sight in the
direction you want your shots to
appear on the target.
Optical and electronic sights eliminate
the need to align a front and rear sight.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 59
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60. Trigger Control
What is the function of the trigger?
– When squeezed, the trigger activates the
hammer and fires the gun.
The index finger is placed with the
trigger halfway between the tip of the
finger and the first joint.
The trigger is squeezed in a smooth,
continuous manner directly to the rear,
while maintaining sight alignment.
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61. Trigger Control, cont.
While squeezing the trigger, each shot
should come as a surprise.
Trigger squeeze and sight alignment
must be done simultaneously while
minimizing gun movement.
Try using training ammunition and dry
fire practice to improve your trigger
control.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 61
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62. Follow-Through
How is follow-through important in
sports like tennis and golf?
– In golf and tennis, it is the continuation of
a motion after the golf club or tennis
racket has hit the ball.
Follow-through means continuing to do
everything that was being done at the
time the shot was fired.
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63. Follow-Through, cont.
Follow-through prevents unnecessary
movement of the barrel before the
bullet exits.
With focus on the front sight and good
follow-through a shooter should be
able to “call the shot” and identify its
location on the target.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 63
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64. Fundamentals Review
Which are the two most important
fundamentals?
– Sight Alignment
– Trigger Control
The other fundamentals help to
minimize disturbance of sight
alignment and trigger control.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 64
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65. Lesson II Summary
What three items do you need to check
to determine the proper ammunition for
your pistol?
Define the three major types of
cartridge malfunctions and the actions
required when they occur.
How do you determine your dominant
eye?
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 65
05/17/12
66. Lesson II Summary
Explain the six fundamentals of pistol
shooting.
Describe the benchrest position.
What are your questions?
Take a break until noon! We’ll pick up
with pistol shooting from the benchrest
and two-handed standing positions.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 66
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67. NRA FIRST Steps Pistol
Prime Development Inc
Safety and Firearms
Education
Lesson III
Introduction to Pistol Shooting
from the Benchrest and
Two-Handed Standing Positions
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 67
05/17/12
68. Lesson III: Pistol Shooting
After completing this lesson, you
should be able to:
– Explain the three range commands, the
procedures to be followed if one has a
problem with a firearm or drops
ammunition, and any applicable range
rules for the facility being used.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 68
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69. Lesson III: Pistol Shooting
After completing this lesson, you
should also be able to:
– Discuss and explain the eight NRA safety
rules to be followed when shooting and
storing a pistol.
– Safely shoot a target from the benchrest
position using the six fundamentals.
– Safely shoot a target from the two-handed
standing position if time allows.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 69
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70. Range Safety;
Shooting Facility Orientation
Range layout
– Indoor shooting range with shooting lanes.
– Shooters will be paired up and will shoot
in “relays”.
Range personnel
– There will be several instructors and
coaches to help shooters.
– The facility also has Range Officers.
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71. Range Commands
“Load”
– Keep the gun in a safe direction, with your
finger off the trigger…
– Shooters may load their guns only after
this command has been given.
– Revolvers: load the cylinder and close it
– Semi-automatics: place the loaded
magazine into the gun and close the slide.
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72. Range Commands, cont.
“Commence firing”
– When this command is given, you may fire
at your target when you are ready.
– You are not required to begin
immediately.
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73. Range Commands, cont.
“Cease firing”
– Stop shooting immediately.
– Keep the gun in a safe direction, with your
finger off the trigger…
– Await further instructions from the Range
Officer, coach, or instructor.
Anyone may call for a cease fire if
they see an unsafe condition.
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74. Range Commands, cont.
“Unload”
– Keep the gun in a safe direction, with your
finger off the trigger…
– Revolvers:
Open the cylinder
Eject the casings and cartridges
– Semi-automatics:
Remove magazine
Lock open the slide
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75. Range Commands, cont.
“Bench the gun”
– Keep the gun in a safe direction, with your
finger off the trigger…
– Revolvers: put the gun on the bench with
the cylinder open
– Semi-automatics: put the gun on the
bench with the slide back and the ejection
port up so the chamber is visible.
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76. Problem with your gun?
Keep the gun in a safe direction, with
your finger off the trigger…
Raise your hand for assistance.
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77. Drop some ammunition?
Keep the gun in a safe direction, with
your finger off the trigger…
Raise your hand for assistance.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 77
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78. Range Procedures Review
What do the “load” and “commence firing”
commands mean?
What does the “cease firing” command
mean?
Who may call for a cease fire?
What do the “unload” and “bench your gun”
commands mean?
What do you do when you have a problem
with your gun or drop ammunition?
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 78
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79. Rules for Safe Shooting
What are the three rules for safe gun
handling again?
Add these rules for using and storing a
gun:
– Know your target and what is beyond.
– Be sure the gun is safe to operate.
– Know how to use the gun safely.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 79
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80. Rules for Safe Shooting, cont.
More rules for using and storing…
– Use only the correct ammunition for your
gun.
– Wear hearing and eye protection as
appropriate.
– Never use alcohol or drugs before or while
shooting.
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81. Rules for Safe Shooting, cont.
More rules for using and storing…
– Store guns so they are not accessible to
unauthorized persons
– Be aware that certain types of guns and
many shooting situations require
additional safety precautions.
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82. Shooting from a New Position
We will use an eight step method to
learn a new position:
2. Study the position.
3. Practice the position without a pistol.
4. Practice the position with a pistol.
5. Align the position with a target.
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83. Shooting from a New Position,
cont.
1. Dry fire at the target using the six
fundamentals of pistol shooting:
– Position
– Grip
– Breath control
– Sight alignment
– Trigger control
– Follow-through
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84. Shooting from a New Position,
cont.
1. Live fire exercise
– Single-shot exercise
– Shoot a five shot “group.”
2. Assess your group, and adjust sights
(if applicable) or technique if a problem
is identified.
3. Continue to shoot groups and assess.
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85. Benchrest Position
– Best position for people who have never
shot a gun before because it minimizes
body movement.
– Both arms straight out in front.
– Wrists rest on sandbags.
– Feet flat on the floor.
– Head is erect.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 85
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86. Two-handed Standing Position
– Best position to start learning standing
positions.
– Feet shoulder-width apart.
– Hips and shoulders square to the target.
– Arms straight out and head erect, same
as benchrest (another name for position is
“Isosceles”).
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 86
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87. Any questions?
Let’s go
shoot!
Are you comfortable with
what you know?
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88. Lesson III Summary
Explain the three range commands,
the procedures to be followed if one
has a problem with a firearm or drops
ammunition, and any applicable range
rules for the facility being used.
What are the eight NRA safety rules to
be followed when shooting and storing
a pistol?
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 88
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89. Lesson III Summary
You have all safely shot a target from
the benchrest and two-handed
standing positions.
What are your questions?
Take a break until 1:30pm. We’ll pick
up with pistol cleaning, storage, and
further training opportunities.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 89
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90. NRA FIRST Steps Pistol
Prime Development Inc
Safety and Firearms
Education
Lesson IV
Introduction to Pistol Cleaning
Storage, and Training Opportunities
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 90
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91. Lesson IV: Pistol Cleaning,
Storage, Training Opportunities
After completing this lesson, you
should be able to:
– Identify the seven materials needed to
clean a pistol
– Outline the three safety guidelines to be
followed when cleaning a pistol.
– Explain and demonstrate how to clean a
pistol safely.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 91
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92. Lesson IV: Pistol Cleaning,
Storage, Training, cont.
After completing this lesson, you
should also be able to:
– Name the NRA rule for safe firearm
storage, and discuss options for applying
this rule when storing a pistol.
– Discuss the three hygienic guidelines
following exposure to airborne particulate
lead and cleaning solvent residue.
Prime Development Inc. www.discountguns.us 92
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93. Lesson IV: Pistol Cleaning,
Storage, Training, cont.
After completing this lesson, you
should also be able to:
– Discuss the benefits of receiving
additional pistol training through the NRA
Basic Firearm Training Program.
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94. Pistol Cleaning
Remember the rule “Be sure the gun is
safe to operate”?
Regular gun cleaning and proper
storage is an important part of the
upkeep of your pistol.
A gun should be cleaned after every
shooting session.
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95. Pistol Cleaning Materials
Cloth patches
Cleaning rod
Soft cloth
Cleaning rod attachments (tips,
brushes)
Small brush
Bore cleaner
Gun oil
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96. Pistol Cleaning Safety
Ammunition must not be present in the
area.
The gun must be unloaded.
The action must be open.
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97. Pistol Cleaning Exercise
1. Attach brush to cleaning rod and apply
bore cleaner to brush
2. Run brush through bore 8-10 times.
3. Run wet patch (solvent) through bore.
4. Run dry patch through bore.
5. If the patch comes out dirty, repeat the
above four steps until it comes out
clean.
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98. Pistol Cleaning Exercise, cont.
1. Run lightly oiled patch through bore.
2. Repeat the above steps for every
chamber of a revolver.
3. Use small brush and solvent to clean
other parts of the gun.
4. Wipe entire pistol with lightly oiled
cloth.
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99. Some Notes on Hygiene
Refrain from eating, drinking, smoking,
applying makeup, or otherwise placing
your hands or fingers in near your mouth
or nose while on the range or cleaning
your gun.
After leaving the range or cleaning a
gun, wash your hands and face
thoroughly (with cold water) before
placing your hands or fingers near your
mouth or nose.
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100. Some Notes on Hygiene, cont.
Change and wash clothing after a
shooting or gun cleaning session so
that exposure to airborne particulate
lead or solvent residue may be further
minimized.
Even if you were only present and did
not shoot, you should follow these
guidelines.
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101. Storing a Pistol
Remember the rule “Store guns so
they are not accessible to
unauthorized persons”?
There is no universal solution for
storage as each individual’s situation is
unique.
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102. Some Storage Options
Trigger Locks
Action Locks
Padlocks
Lockboxes
Safes
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103. Additional Pistol Shooting
It is to your advantage to continue
practicing your pistol shooting skills.
The NRA offers additional training:
– NRA Basic Pistol Course
– NRA Personal Protection Course
– http://www.discountguns.us
NWSAFE offers these courses from
time to time.
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104. Additional Pistol Shooting,
cont.
The NRA offers a Pistol Qualification
program that is self-administered with
progressively more challenging goals:
– Handgun qualification
Oriented towards defensive shooting skills.
Starts with a paper plate at 15 feet.
– Pistol qualification
Oriented towards the competitive sport shooter.
Ends with participation in a Bullseye match, with a
minimum score.
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105. The National Rifle Association
You have been provided a guide to the
benefits of membership in the NRA.
Members supported the development
of the course you just took.
The NRA is the largest international
firearms training organization in the
world, in both its public and police
organizations.
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106. Other Opportunities
The are many opportunities to formally,
and informally, compete with others
which helps you improve your skills.
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107. Lesson IV Summary
What are the seven materials needed
to clean a pistol?
What three safety guidelines must be
followed when cleaning a pistol?
What three hygienic guidelines should
be followed after exposure to airborne
particulate lead or cleaning solvent
residue?
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108. Lesson IV Summary, cont.
What is the NRA rule for safe storage
of a gun?
What additional training and practice
opportunities are available from the
NRA?
What are your questions?
What are your comments about this
orientation?
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109. NRA FIRST Steps Pistol
Prime Development Inc
Safety and Firearms
Education
Thank you!
Be safe out there with your new
pistol knowledge, skills, and attitude
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