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« Ontologies » : De la sémantique à l’éthique


          • François Rastier
      • Directeur de recherche
        • frastier@gmail.com
       • www.revue-texto.net
Catégories ontologiques

• l’être             le faire
• la substance       les accidents
• l’unicité          la multiplicité
• l’intemporalité    la temporalité
• l’invariance       la variation
Un réseau sémantique

                               ANIMAL


                        is-a                     is-a
                                   is-a


       PERSON                   DOG                             COW
                                          eats
is-a                   is-a                             gives
                owns                             MEAT
   KAZUO                         FIDO
Des synonymes à l ’hypéronyme



           Hyperonyme



         Hypo 1   Hypo 2



Syn 1    Syn 2          Syn 3   Syn 4
Cerises à l’alcool, Griottes au kirsch,
Pruneaux au cognac, Fruits à l’alcool
Relations sémantiques en corpus

relations/corpus   c
                   ologie   ec
                             onomie   reglementation   technique
hyperonymie        759        57           111           2141

mmronymie           43        --            --           211

synonymie          494        389           35           255
antonymie           21         5            --            4
EuroWordNet Top Ontology (excerpts)




     First order entities
  Substance : all stuff without boundary or fixed shape, considered
from a conceptual point of view not from a linguistic point of view;
  e.g. mass, material, water, sand, air. Opposed to Object.
  Part : Any concrete entity which is contained in an object, substance
  or a group; head, juice, nose, limb, blood, finger, wheel, brick, door.

  Second order entities
 Any Static Situation (property, relation) or Dynamic Situation,
  which cannot be grasped, heart, seen, felt as an independent physical thing.
 They can be located in time and occur or take place rather than exist;
 e.g. continue, occur, apply.
"Ontologies" : De la sémantique à l'éthique

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"Ontologies" : De la sémantique à l'éthique

  • 1. « Ontologies » : De la sémantique à l’éthique • François Rastier • Directeur de recherche • frastier@gmail.com • www.revue-texto.net
  • 2. Catégories ontologiques • l’être le faire • la substance les accidents • l’unicité la multiplicité • l’intemporalité la temporalité • l’invariance la variation
  • 3. Un réseau sémantique ANIMAL is-a is-a is-a PERSON DOG COW eats is-a is-a gives owns MEAT KAZUO FIDO
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Des synonymes à l ’hypéronyme Hyperonyme Hypo 1 Hypo 2 Syn 1 Syn 2 Syn 3 Syn 4
  • 8. Cerises à l’alcool, Griottes au kirsch, Pruneaux au cognac, Fruits à l’alcool
  • 9. Relations sémantiques en corpus relations/corpus c ologie ec onomie reglementation technique hyperonymie 759 57 111 2141 mmronymie 43 -- -- 211 synonymie 494 389 35 255 antonymie 21 5 -- 4
  • 10. EuroWordNet Top Ontology (excerpts) First order entities Substance : all stuff without boundary or fixed shape, considered from a conceptual point of view not from a linguistic point of view; e.g. mass, material, water, sand, air. Opposed to Object. Part : Any concrete entity which is contained in an object, substance or a group; head, juice, nose, limb, blood, finger, wheel, brick, door. Second order entities Any Static Situation (property, relation) or Dynamic Situation, which cannot be grasped, heart, seen, felt as an independent physical thing. They can be located in time and occur or take place rather than exist; e.g. continue, occur, apply.