1. Things you should know off
by heart!
When I saw off by heart I mean
anything that’s written in this
PowerPoint you should be able to write
in your exam!!

2. Types of Waste
• Biodegradable - will rot away like a banana skin
• Non-biodegradable - sits in the ground for years
without breaking down, like plastic
• Domestic – waste produced in peoples houses
• Industrial – waste produced by factories
• Hazardous and non-hazardous
• Toxic – poisonous to humans and the environment
• Recyclable and non-recyclable
• Electrical

3. Difference in Waste Production
between LICs and HICs
HICs produce more waste because:
• We are a consumer society – more money to spend on
things so more things to throw away.
• We are a throw away society – we don’t reuse or repair
we just buy something new.
LICs produce less waste because:
They do not have the money to buy as many things
Less packaging is used
A lower literacy rate means that they do not use as much
paper because people cant read.

4. Types of Domestic Waste
• E Waste – that’s mobile phones, computers and other
electronic equipment
• White goods – fridges, freezers and cookers
• Packaging – primary, secondary, transit packaging.

5. Packaging
• Paper and cardboard – used widely but
not as much as plastic because it is
heavier. Can be recycled.
• Plastic packaging – used more than
paper because is lighter, stronger and
lasts better. Very difficult to dispose of.

6. Local Recycling in Somerset
• Somerset Waste Partnership
• Weekly food and recycling collection
• Fortnightly refuse and garden waste collection.
• Amount of waste going into landfill now less than 40%
• 27% of all recycling now food waste
• Waste then goes to Viridors in Castle Cary
– Refuse goes into landfill
– Recycling is separated into different categories and remade into
new products
– Food and garden waste mixed 50/50 and composed for 6-10
weeks
– Compost then sold back to local farmers.

7. Example of Waste Disposal in an
HIC - Germany
• Landfill – has 160 landfill sites, waste is processed before landfill to reduce
its impact.
• Incineration – has 68 incinerators, plans to build more, some are mini
power plants producing electricity.
• Recycling – strict laws on recycling, companies can display the Green Dot
emblem to show the packaging is recyclable, exports waste be recycled,
recycles 60% of its waste.
• Nuclear waste – Germany does not have a deep mine or reprocessing
plant, has to sent waste to UK or France for reprocessing – expensive,
sends waste to Siberia to be buried in deep mines, they are planning to
build a reprocessing plant and convert a deep mine in the future.
• Toxic waste – they export much of this as it is expensive to deal with in
Germany, 6000 litres of toxic waste was sent to Albania disguised as
humanitarian aid where it leaked into a lake killing all aquatic life.

8. Non-Renewable Energy
Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Nuclear
Advantages:
• Much cheaper way of producing electricity
• Coal is easy to transport and there is still lots left
Disadvantages:
• Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide and
contributes to global warming
• Non-renewable fuels will eventually run out

9. Renewable Energy
Biofuels e.g. wood and straw, biogas (methane) from
manure, bioethanol (from processing plants ad
waste vegetable oil.
Advantages:
• Biofuels reduce the amount of greenhouse gases
• Biofuels will never run out
Disadvantages:
• Farming and processing the crops uses energy so the
benefits are cancelled out
• Asian countries may replace rainforest with biofuel
plantations in an attempt to make money

10. Energy Surplus and Deficit
• Energy surplus – when a country creates
more energy than it needs
• Energy deficit – when a country uses
more energy than it creates
• HICs generally have an energy deficit
• LICs generally have an energy surplus

11. How energy is wasted
• Leaving lights on when they are not
needed
• Leaving phone chargers plugged in
• Leaving TV or Xbox on standby
• Not having double glazing
• Not having loft or cavity wall insulation

12. Carbon footprints
• Carbon footprint is a measure of all the
greenhouse gases we are individually
responsible for producing.
• LICs tend to have smaller carbon footprints
than HICs.

13. Management of energy waste on a
domestic scale (in the home)
• Turning lights off when not in use.
• Unplug chargers after use.
• Turn the heating down in summer.
• Keep doors and windows closed.
• Replace inefficient electrical products.
• Loft insulation
• Cavity wall insulation
• Double or triple glazing.
• Solar panels/solar water heating panels.
• Wind turbines
• Recycling bins

14. Management of energy waste on a
local scale (in your area)
• British Gas is working with local councils to improve
efficiency. If houses implement changes to save energy
they get money off their council tax bill.
• Aberdeen Council have installed a communal boiler in a
block of flats. This is much more efficient.
• Wind turbines can be built at schools and businesses to
power them. Any excess energy can be sold to the
National Grid.

15. Management of energy waste on a
national scale (in your country)
• A grant of £2500 per household is available to install
things like wind turbines and solar panels.
• No planning permission is needed for solar panels and
wind turbines.
• Up to £1 million available for public buildings to install
green technologies.
• UK e-day – when people are asked to think about their
energy usage and to turn things off.