2. BRIEFHISTORY
The first automobiles were
steered with a tiller.
A steering wheel was first
used in Europe in 1894 .
Bicycles, Mobility scooters
are often using tiller
steering.
3. OTHER FEATURES…
It helps in swinging the wheels to the left or right.
It converts the rotary movement of the steering wheel
into an angular turn of the front wheels.
It multiplies the effort of the driver by leverage in order
to make it fairly easy to turn the wheels.
It absorbs a major part of the road shocks thereby
preventing them to get transmitted to the hands of the
driver
4. BASIC STEERING MECHANISM
Ackerman steering
system
Davis steering system
Projected center lines of
all should meet on or
near the centre of the
rear axle.
5. TYPES OF STEERING SYTEM
RECIRCULATING OR PARALLELOGRAM
STEERING SYSTEM
RACK AND PINION TYPE STEERING SYSTEM
Any vehicle (heavy,small,medium) must have these two
steering system whether they have any type of power steering.
7. RECIRCULATING GEAR BOX
It consists of a worm at the
end of steering rod.
The balls reduce the
friction during the
movement of the nut on the
worm.
The nut has a number of
teeth on outside, which
mesh with the teeth on a
worm wheel sector.
Used for heavy vehicle like
trucks, buses etc.
9. RACK AND PINION GEAR BOX
• Some cars have variable-
ratio steering, which uses a
rack-and-pinion gear set
that has a different tooth
pitch (number of teeth per
inch) in the center than it
has on the outside.
• This makes the car
respond quickly when
starting a turn (the rack is
near the center), and also
reduces effort near the
wheel's turning limit.
• Used in small and medium
vehicles like cars,suv,racing
cars etc.
11. WHEEL ALIGNMMENT
Why is it necessary?
Directional stability
Maintain straightness
Reduce uneven wear of tyres
Proper traction between tyres and road while
turning
12. POWER STEERING
1. Hydraulic power steering(HPS)
2. Electro-mechanical steering system or electric
steering system (EPS)
3. Electro hydraulic steering system(EHPS)
4. Hydrostatic steering system (no mechanical
linkage, used in tractor, roller, bulldozer )
14. PROS OF EPS
Less complicated
Usually less weighs
There is no such fluid needed thus it needs less
maintenance compared to hydraulic power
steering.
Better response at different speeds
It supports return of the steering wheel back to the
center position via the “active return”
function.
It consumes power from battery, but it consumes
less power compared to HPS. So a car having EPS
will give more mileage than one with HPS.
Straight-line stability function
No continuous power taking
15. EPS
• Electric Power Steering (EPS) is the latest system in which
the electric motor (“E-motor”) is attached.
• Sensors detect the motion of the steering column and a
processor module applies assistive power via an electric
motor. This allows varying amounts of assistance depending
on driving conditions.
• With electronic systems becoming more and more common
in cars, EPS is the future power steering system that they
will use.
• EPS is active only during the actual steering process.
• The sum of the turning force on the steering wheel and the
assisting force is the effective force applied on the steering
gear to move the rack.
16. DIFFERENT EPS SYSTEM
THAT ARE IN USE
A. COLUMN TYPE
The column drive is used
for small and lower mid-
sized cars. The motor is
located in the passenger
compartment.
Its advantage is its better
performance at reduced
temperatures, and
sealing.
17. DIFFERENT EPS SYSTEM
THAT ARE IN USE
B. DUAL PINION TYPE
• The dual pinion drive is
used for mid-sized cars.
• This drive is located in
the engine
compartment
18. DIFFERENT EPS SYSTEM
THAT ARE IN USE
C. RACK TYPE
• This type is
appropriate for large
vehicles such as Sports
Utility Vehicles(SUVs)
and trucks
19. EPS COMPONENTS
1. Steering wheel
2. Steering Angle Sensor
G85
3. Steering column
4. Steering Torque Sensor
G269
5. Steering gear
6. Electro-mechanical
Power Steering
7. Motor V187
8. Power Steering Control
Module J500
21. STEERING FUNCTION
1. The power steering assistance starts
when the driver uses force to turn the
steering wheel
2. The Steering Torque Sensor
detects the rotation and sends the
calculated steering force figure to the
Power Steering Control Module.
3. The Steering Angle Sensor reports
the current steering angle and steering
speed.
22. STEERING FUNCTION
4. Depending on the steering force, road
speed, engine speed, steering angle,
steering speed and maps stored in Power
Steering Control Module , it calculates
the necessary assisting force and
actuates EMPS Motor.
5. The steering assistance comes from a
second pinion, which applies its energy
in parallel on the steering rack. This
pinion is driven by EMPS Motor.
6. The sum of the turning force on the
steering wheel and the assisting force
is the effective force applied on the
steering gear to move the rack.
23. STEERINGFUNCTION
Electro-mechanical Power
Steering Indicator Lamp
EMPS Indicator Lamp light up
in two colors if functional
faults are detected.
If it lights up yellow, the
warning is of a lower priority.
If it lights up red, the vehicle
should be serviced
immediately
Once Power Steering Control
Module receives a signal,
indicating that all systems are
working correctly, EMPS
Indicator Lamp will go out.
26. CONCLUSION
EPS reduces the human effort up to 80 percent so
upcoming year of steering will be of EPS in all type of
vehicle.
EPS will become most efficient, safe and reliable power
steering system in the future .
The key to the success of EPS is an accurate and quick
response, so it will be used in F1 racing cars in upcoming
years.
Program for control module IC can be changed according
to need of assisting force. So it will be beneficial for
different types of road.
This year, in auto spa Delhi, mostly cars manufactured by
different company were launched with EPS.
27. REFERENCES
www.autoshop101.com/forms/Hybrid17.pdf
http://www.volkspage.net/technik/ssp/ssp/SSP_225.pd
f self study program 259
http://www.howeperformance.com/rockcrawling.html
R.K.RAJPUT, 2009-10 , “AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING”
M.F. Rehman, “ELECTRIC POWER ASSISTED STEERING
SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES”, Electrical Engineering
Vol.3.
Ratan S., Tata McGraw Hills publication , “Theory of
Machines” Vol 1,
www.infineon.com/electric power steering.pdf/Edition
2008-10-23
Hinweis der Redaktion
The act of guiding the vehicle is called steering BY own
Wheeled vehicles are steered by aiming or pointing the wheels in the direction we want the vehicle to go.The
The whole mechanism of the Ackerman steering gear is on back of the front wheels;
whereas in Davis steering gear, it is in front of the wheels.
2. The Ackerman steering gear consists of turning pairs, whereas Davis steering gear
consists of sliding members.
So we ll discuss in brief one by one
The recirculating-ball steering gear contains a worm gear. You can image the gear in two parts. The first part is a block of metal with a threaded hole in it. This block has gear teeth cut into the outside of it, which engage a gear that moves the pitman arm (see diagram above). The steering wheel connects to a threaded rod, similar to a bolt, that sticks into the hole in the block. When the steering wheel turns, it turns the bolt. Instead of twisting further into the block the way a regular bolt would, this bolt is held fixed so that when it spins, it moves the block, which moves the gear that turns the wheels
Why we need for this?
brief about every
Hydraulic Power Steering System is complicated compared with Electric Power Steering.
2. Hydraulic Power Steering System usually weighs more than Electric Power Steering.
3. Hydraulic Power Steering uses hydraulic fluids for operation whereas there is no such fluid needed for Electric Power Steering, thus Electric Power Steering needs less maintenance compared to hydraulic power steering.
4. Electric Power Steering gives better response at different speeds as compared to Hydraulic Power Steering.
5. Eclectic Power Steering is less prone to problems and faults and are more durable as compared to Hydraulic power steering.
6. Hydraulic power steering extracts power from engine, so it reduces the fuel mileage of the engine. Electric power steering consumes power from battery which is also charged by engine, but it consumes less power compared to Hydraulic power steering. So a car having Electric power steering will give more mileage than one with Hydraulic power steering.
HERE REFERENCE HSPS IS TAKEN
Where road will be not a better like village so there will we be more need of power while for smooth road like in city